1、1.republic n.共和国，共和政体 C 独立的共和国2.deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 致命的武器疾病 致命毒药 dead adj.死的，去世的；无生气的，死气沉沉的 The cobra（眼镜蛇）is one of the worlds deadliest snakes.眼镜蛇是世界上毒性最剧烈的蛇类之一。3.survival n.生存，存活U；C survivor n.幸存者C 为生存而斗争/战斗/拼搏 survival rate 存活率 chance of survival 存活的希望 If cancers are spotted early theres a hig
2、h chance of a patients survival.如果癌症早被发现，病人存活的机率就高。survive vi.&vt.生存 survive sth 从.存活下来 survive on.=live on.依靠.生活 动词去e加-al变成名词的还有：survive survival 幸存 remove removal 移动refuse refusal 拒绝 propose proposal 建议,提议arrive arrival 到达 approve approval 赞成4.province n.省份 C central/coastal provinces 中部/沿海省份 5.br
3、oad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 广泛的.知识 广义上讲 光天化日；公开地 broadly adv.明显地；宽广地 broaden v.扩大；变阔；变宽There is broad support for the governments policies.政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。【形近词】abroad adv.到国外；在国外 board n.木板；甲板 aboard adv.在船上；在飞机上6.intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指 intend to do sth 打算做.intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 sth be intended
4、 to do sth 目的是为了做.sth be intended for 专门为.准备/打算（表示目的）intention n 目的，意图C,U have the intention of.有.的意图/目的 have no intention of(doing)sth 无意.with the intention of.带着.的意图 This money the development of the tourist industry.这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。He stayed up late,_ to finish his task ahead of time.他熬夜到很晚，打算提前完成
5、任务。7.extract n.提取物U,C；选录C vt.提取；选录；取出 the extract from sth .的选录/提取物 extract.from.从.提取8.herb n.药草，香草；草本C 中草药 herbal adj.药草的；香草的 9.refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 refer to.as.称.为.reference n 参考；参考书；提及 in/with reference to 关于 refer referring，referred,referred。In his speech,the professor referred to a recent trip
6、to Canada.在他的演讲中，教授提到了最近的加拿大之行。Marcia refers to Tom as a dear friend.玛西娅把汤姆称为好朋友。The trend,then,was toward the penny papera term referring to papers made widely available to the public.当时的趋势是“便士报”指的是公众可以广泛获得的报纸。10.experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践C,U vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试（45）on sth 做关于.的实验 进行实验；试用 experimental adj.
7、实验性的，试验性的 experimentally adv.实验上；用实验方法；实验式地11.trial n.试用，试验C,U；审讯，审判；vi.&vt.测试，试验 be on trial 试用/受审 a clinical trial 临床试验 trial and error 反复试验；尝试错误法12.limited adj.有限的 limit vt&n.限制，限定，限量 limit.to.把.限制在.;把.局限于.be limited to sth beyond the limit 超过限度 set a limit to sth 设.的限度 limitless adj.无限制的；无界限的The
8、y may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.他们可能只有有限的时间来阐述清楚他们的观点。这门课程限招12人。This course is limited to 12 people.13.container n.容器C；集装箱，货柜C 集装箱船 contain vt.包含，包括；克制 contain oneself 克制自己 Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.食物如果贮藏在密封的容器里，就能长久保持。14.postpone vt.
9、延迟，延期（=put off/delay）将某物推迟到.推迟做某事The game has already been postponed three times.这场比赛已经三度延期了。15.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 insufficient 绰绰有余 adv 足够地；充足地 n.足量，充足；自满16.data n.数据，资料，材料 单数形式是datum 数据库 数据收集 数据分析【17.speed up （使）加速 New technology could speed up the task.新的技术将会加速这项任务的进程。at a speed of.以.的速度 at h
10、igh/low/full/top speed 以高低全最高速 speed limit/restriction 限速 gain speed 加速 pick up speed 加速 slow down the speed 减速 18.pay off vi 成功，奏效，达到目的 pay sb off vt 付清；偿清；付清工资后解雇；遣散 Long-term stock investments can pay off.长期的股票投资能有所回报。Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.桑德拉决心成为一名
11、医生，她的坚持不懈终于带来了成功。The firm will be able to pay off its debts and still turn a modest profit.该公司将能够还清其债务，而且还会稍有赢利。pay for 付钱 pay back偿还，报复 pay in cash用现金支付 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 19.wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；a woman of great wisdom 才女 wise adj.明智的；聪明的；博学的 wisely adv.明智地；聪明地；精明地 集体智慧20.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
12、A be beneficial to B 对.有益 n.好处，利益 vt 有益于，有助于 vi 获益，受益 A be of benefit to B=be beneficial to 有好处 为.的利益 A benefits B A对B有益 B benefits from A B从A中受益A good diet is beneficial to health.良好的饮食有益于健康。21 conduct vt.&vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 进行调查/实验/咨询 （行为）表现好/差 conduct electricity 导电 conductor n.（乐队）指挥；售票员；列车长；导体 c
13、onductive adj.能传导的The team decided to conduct an experiment.团队决定做一项实验。22.illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于 illustrate sbs point 为了阐述某人的观点 illustration n.说明C,U；插图C；例证C,U；图解U illustrator n.插图画家；说明这；图解者C The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.这次事件说明了加强安全措施的必要。23.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与.紧密
14、相关 surround.with.用.包围.be surrounded by/with.被.围绕（常省去be，在句中做状语或后置定语）surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 surroundings n.环境pl.（=environment）Tall trees surround the lake.环湖都是大树。The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖被树木环绕。As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我备受关爱。Steve arrived and sat in the front ro
15、w,surrounded by his family.史蒂夫来了，坐在前排，家人围着他。24.indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 indicate sth to sb 向某人提及某事 indication n.暗示C,U indicator n.标志，迹象；方向灯，转向指示灯；指示器 indicative adj.指示的，表明的，象征的 Research indicates that eating habits among teenagers are changing fast.研究显示，青少年的饮食习惯正迅速改变。In his letter the manager indicat
16、ed to us(that)he was willing to cooperate.经理在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。25.accident n.意外，偶然的事;事故，意外遭遇 a car/road/traffic accident 车祸；公路事故；交通事故 accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地 by accident 偶然，意外地（同义词组：by chance）26.intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 a search for intelligent life on other planets 在其他行星上探索智能生命 intelligence n 智力；智
17、能U artificial intelligence 人工智能（AI）Susans a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind.苏珊是一个非常聪明伶俐而且有自己想法的人。27.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙 支持 对某人有利 favourable adj.赞同的；有利的 Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from
18、school today?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a musician.他弃教从事音乐。28.politician n.政治家，从政者；politics n.政治；政见 political adj.政治的；政党的He was a natural politician,a gifted orator who knew how to work a crowd.他曾是位天生的政治家，是位有天赋且知道如何凝集民众的演说家。29.electricity n.电，电能 U electricity supp
19、ly 电力供应 produce/generate electricity 发电 adj.电的，发电的，电动的 adj.有关电的；电气科学的adj.电子的30.theory n.学说，论C,U；原理U；看法，意见C According to the theory of relativity,nothing can travel faster than light.根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速 in theory 理论上；按理说 theory and practice 理论与实践 theoretical adj.理论的；理论上的 Achieving these goals is relati
20、vely easy in theory,yet quite difficult in practice.实现这些目标从理论上说比较容易，但在实践上却相当困难。31.charge vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使.承担责任；使充满 因某事而向某人收费 charge sb with(doing)sth 指控/指责某人（做了）某事 Before use,the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电 charge n.收费C,U；控告C,U；谴责C；掌管U 负责，接管 be in charge of 主管，掌管；负责 be in the charge of=in ones charge 被掌管，由.负责 free of charge 免费chargeable adj.应支付的；可以控诉的；可充电的；应课税的charger n.充电器；袭击者；委托者；控诉者Cdischarge vt.&vi.放电；释放；解雇；撤销（法院命令等）
