1、republic n.共和国,共和政体共和国,共和政体the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国中华人民共和国independent republics 独立的共和国独立的共和国malaria n.疟疾疟疾deadly adj.致命的;十足的,彻底的致命的;十足的,彻底的dead adj.死的,去世的;无生气的,死气沉沉的死的,去世的;无生气的,死气沉沉的death n.死,死亡死,死亡dying v.(die的现在分词的现在分词)adj.临终的,垂死的临终的,垂死的a deadly weapon/disease/poison 致命的武器致命的武器疾病疾病/毒药
2、毒药眼镜蛇眼镜蛇(cobra)是世界上毒性最剧烈的蛇类之一。是世界上毒性最剧烈的蛇类之一。The cobra is one of the worlds deadliest snakes.survival n.生存,存活生存,存活UU;残存物,幸存事物;残存物,幸存事物CCprovince n.省,省份省,省份CCsurvive vi.&vt.生存生存survivor n.幸存者幸存者动词去动词去e e加加-al-al变成名词的有:变成名词的有:survive survival 幸存幸存 remove removal 移动移动 refuse refusal 拒绝拒绝 propose propos
3、al 提议提议 arrive arrival 到达到达 approve approval 赞成赞成central/coastal provinces 中部中部/沿海省份沿海省份broad adj.广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的广泛的;宽阔的,广阔的;概括的;开阔的broadly adv.明显地;宽广地明显地;宽广地broaden v.扩大;变阔;变宽扩大;变阔;变宽a broad knowledge of.广泛的广泛的.知识知识in a broad sense 广义上讲广义上讲broaden ones horizons 拓宽某人的视野拓宽某人的视野【形近词】abroad adv.到国外
4、;在国外 board n.木板;甲板 aboard adv.在船上;在飞机上例句:政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。例句:政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。There is broad support for the governments policies.intend vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指想要,计划;意指intention n.意图;目的;企图意图;目的;企图 intended adj.有意的有意的intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事打算让某人做某事 intend to do sth/doing sth 打算打算/想要做某事想要做某事be intended for 专门为
5、专门为.准备准备/打算打算 be intended to do sth 是为了做某事是为了做某事have no/the intention of(doing).有有.(.(不做不做/做某事做某事)的意图的意图/目的目的这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.He stayed up late,_ to finish his task ahead of time.intendingextract n.提取物提取物U,CU,C;选录;选录CC v
6、t.提取;选录;取出;设法得到提取;选录;取出;设法得到herb n.药草,香草;草本药草,香草;草本CCthe extract from sth .的选录的选录/提取物提取物extract.from.从从.提取提取herbal adj.药草的;香草的药草的;香草的Chinese medicinal herb 中草药中草药refer to 查阅,参考;提到,谈及;查阅,参考;提到,谈及;指的是指的是referred referred referringreference n.参考;参考书;提及参考;参考书;提及to为介词为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词,后接名词、代词、动名词refer to.a
7、s.把把.称作称作.in/with reference to 关于关于e.g.You may refer to your notes.They can also refer to pop culture and new cultural trends.I promised not to refer to the matter.He refers to Tom as a good friend.With/In reference to your letter yesterday,we.参考参考指的是指的是提到提到experiment n.实验,试验;尝试,实践实验,试验;尝试,实践C,UC,U
8、vi.做试验,进行实验;尝试做试验,进行实验;尝试do/carry out/perform/conduct an experiment on sth 做关于做关于.的实验的实验experimental adj.实验性的,试验性的实验性的,试验性的experimentally adv.实验上;用实验方法;实验式地实验上;用实验方法;实验式地trial n.试用试用,试验;审讯试验;审讯,审判审判 ;考验;考验 vi.&vt.测试,试验测试,试验be on trial 试用试用/受审受审He is on trial for murder.limited adj.有限的有限的household ad
9、j.家庭的,家用的,家务的家庭的,家用的,家务的 n.一家人,家庭一家人,家庭CClow-income household 低收入家庭低收入家庭household products 家用产品家用产品limit vt&n.限制,限定,限量限制,限定,限量limitless adj.无限制的无限制的;无界限的无界限的limit.to.把把.局限于局限于.be limited to sth这门课程限招这门课程限招1212人。人。This course _12 people.is limited tocontainer n.容器容器CC;集装箱,货柜;集装箱,货柜CCcontain vt.包含,包括;
10、克制包含,包括;克制a container ship 集装箱船集装箱船contain oneself 克制自己克制自己Food will last longer if kept in an airtight(密封的密封的)container.She was unable to contain her excitement.postpone vt.延迟,延期延迟,延期(=put off/delay)postpone sth(to/until sth)将某物推迟到将某物推迟到.postpone doing sth 推迟做某事推迟做某事e.g.The game has already been po
11、stponed three times.sufficient adj.足够的,充足的足够的,充足的data n.数据,资料,材料数据,资料,材料u,pl.sufficiency n.足量,充足足量,充足sufficiently adv.足够地;充足地足够地;充足地insufficient adj.不充不充足的,不足的足的,不足的be sufficient to do sth 足够做某事足够做某事more than sufficient 绰绰有余绰绰有余self-sufficient 自给自足的自给自足的近义:近义:adequate、ample、abundantThe money is not
12、sufficient to help those homeless children.单数形式单数形式:datumdata analysis 数据分析数据分析data base 数据库数据库data collection 数据收集数据收集speed up (使)加速(使)加速New technology could speed up the task.新的技术将会加速这项任务的进程。新的技术将会加速这项任务的进程。at a speed of.以以.的速度的速度gain speed/pick up speed 加速加速slow down/reduce the speed 减速减速speed li
13、mit 限速限速at high/low/full/top speed 以高以高/低低/全全/最高速最高速pay off 成功,奏效,达到目的;成功,奏效,达到目的;付清付清;付清工资后解雇;付清工资后解雇(作及物动词短语作及物动词短语)I believe all your efforts will definitely pay off.The firm will be able to pay off its debts.A third of the staff were paid off last week.pay back 偿还;报答;报复偿还;报答;报复(及物及物动词短语动词短语)pay
14、for 付钱付钱pay in cash 用现金支付用现金支付 pay a visit to 参观;拜访参观;拜访 pay attention to 重视,注意重视,注意error n.错误,差错错误,差错through trial and error 反复试验反复试验wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智例句:经过反复试验,他们的坚持不懈最终有了回报。例句:经过反复试验,他们的坚持不懈最终有了回报。wise adj.明智的;聪明的;博学的明智的;聪明的;博学的wisely adv.明智地;聪明地;精明地明智地;聪明地;精明地Through trial and
15、 error,their persistence finally paid off.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的有益的,有用的Reading benefits us a lot.We benefit from reading a lot.Reading is greatly beneficial to us.Reading is of great benefit to us.benefit n.好处,利益好处,利益 vt.&vi.有益于有益于,受益受益 be beneficial to =be of benefit to 对对.有益有益 for the benefit of=f
16、or ones benefit 为为.的利益的利益A benefits B A A对对B B有益有益例句:阅读对我们大有好处。例句:阅读对我们大有好处。B benefits from A B B从从A A中受益中受益conduct vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查进行调查/实验实验(了解了解)conduct sb around 带领带领 conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好(行为)表现好/差差(了解了解)conduct electricity 导电导电co
17、nductor n.(乐队乐队)指挥;售票员;列车长;导体指挥;售票员;列车长;导体conductive adj.能传导的能传导的The team decided to conduct an experiment.Water conducts heat faster than air.illustrate vt.说明,解释;加插图于说明,解释;加插图于Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point.The book is illustrated by a famous painter.illustration n.说
18、明;插图;例证;图解说明;插图;例证;图解illustrator n.插图画家;说明者;图解者插图画家;说明者;图解者illustrate sbs point 为了阐述某人的观点为了阐述某人的观点surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与围绕,环绕;包围;与.紧密相关紧密相关surround.with.用用.包围包围.be surrounded by/with.被被.围绕围绕(常省去常省去bebe,在句中做状语或后置定语),在句中做状语或后置定语)surrounding adj.周围的,附近的周围的,附近的surroundings n.环境环境 pl.(=environment)surrou
19、ned例:例:这个湖被许多树木环绕。这个湖被许多树木环绕。Many trees surround the lake.The lake is surrounded with/by many trees.Steve arrived and sat in the front row,_ by his family.indicate vt.表明;暗示;提及;指出表明;暗示;提及;指出(后面常接后面常接名词名词或或从句当宾语从句当宾语)indication n.暗示暗示indicator n.标志;指示器标志;指示器indicate sth to sb 向某人提及向某人提及/暗示暗示某事某事The be
20、ll_(indicate)the start of the class rang.indicatingOur survey indicates that over 20 per cent of children are wearing glasses.accident n.意外,偶然的事意外,偶然的事C,UC,U;事故,意外遭遇;事故,意外遭遇CCaccidentally adv.意外地;偶然地意外地;偶然地by accident=by chance 偶然,意外地偶然,意外地(了解了解)a car/road/traffic accident 车祸;公路事故;交通事故车祸;公路事故;交通事故in
21、telligent adj.有才智的,聪明的;有智力的有才智的,聪明的;有智力的intelligence n.智力;智能智力;智能UUartificial intelligence 人工智能(人工智能(AIAI)favour (AmE favor)vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒(un)favourable adj.(不不)赞赞同的;有利的同的;有利的do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙帮某人一个忙ask a favour of sb=ask sb a favour 请求某人帮忙请求某人
22、帮忙be in favour of 支持支持in sbs favour 对某人有利对某人有利e.g.The evidence is in his favor at the moment.I am in favor of your proposal.Can I ask you to do me a favour?politician n.政治家,从政者;投机钻营者政治家,从政者;投机钻营者CClightning n.闪电闪电UUpolitics n.政治;政见政治;政见political adj.政治的;政党的政治的;政党的electricity n.电,电能电,电能 U Uelectronic
23、 adj.电子的电子的electric adj.电的,发电的,电动的电的,发电的,电动的电子词典电子词典 发电发电 电力供应电力供应 electricity supplyelectronic dictionaryproduce/generate electricitytheory n.学说,论学说,论C,UC,U;原理;原理UU;看法,意见;看法,意见CCthunderstorm n.雷雨雷雨,雷暴,雷暴CCribbon n.带子,丝带带子,丝带U,CU,C;带状物;带状物CCmetal n.金属金属C,UC,Utheoretical adj.理论的;理论上的理论的;理论上的in theory
24、 理论上理论上put theory into practice 将理论付诸实践将理论付诸实践Your plan sounds fine in theory,but it is hard to put theory into practice.charge vt.&vi.充电;充电;收费收费;控告;谴责;使;控告;谴责;使.承担责任;使充满承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管收费;控告;谴责;掌管be in the charge of=in ones charge 被掌管,由被掌管,由.负责负责take charge of =be in charge of 负责,接管负责,接管charg
25、e sb with(doing)sth=accuse sb of sth 指控某人(做了)某事指控某人(做了)某事charge sb(some money)for sth 因某事而向某人收费因某事而向某人收费free of charge 免费免费例句:他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。例句:他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.=He was in charge of the farm after his fathers death.=The farm was in the charge of him after
26、 his fathers death.He was charged with breaking the law.electric adj.电的,发电的,电动的电的,发电的,电动的(参考参考 electrtricity)bang n.突然的巨响突然的巨响CC;猛敲,猛击;猛敲,猛击CC vi.&vt.砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞砸;砰地关上;猛摔;碰撞with a bang 很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响(了解了解)电风扇电风扇 电灯电灯 电动汽车电动汽车electric fanelectric lightelectric car例句:晚会十分圆满。例句:晚会十分圆满。Th
27、e party went with a bang.她的事业在她的事业在20082008年轰轰烈烈地开始了。年轰轰烈烈地开始了。Her career began with a bang in 2008.standout adj.突出的突出的 n.突出的人突出的人(物物)C)Coutstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的;显著的,突出的杰出的,优秀的;显著的,突出的stand out 突出;杰出;站出来突出;杰出;站出来stand for 代表,象征;支持;竞选代表,象征;支持;竞选在最初的几轮中,汤姆和迪金森表现突出。在最初的几轮中,汤姆和迪金森表现突出。In the earlier roun
28、ds,Tom and Dickinson were the standouts.atomic adj.原子能的;原子的原子能的;原子的bomb n.炸弹炸弹CC;核武器;核武器 sing.vt.轰炸轰炸evil n.罪恶,罪行罪恶,罪行UU;害处,坏处;害处,坏处C,C,sing.adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的atomic energy 原子能原子能nuclear bomb atomic bomb set off a bomb 核弹核弹原子弹原子弹引爆炸弹引爆炸弹e.g.Hundreds of bombs were dropped on the city.The city
29、 was heavily bombed in the war.speak evil of sb 说某人的坏话说某人的坏话evil deeds 恶行恶行involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;包含;牵涉,影响;(使使)参加参加involvement n.参与参与UU;投入;投入,沉迷沉迷U,CU,Cinvolve sb 牵涉到某人牵涉到某人involve sth/doing sth 包含某物包含某物/做某事做某事involve sb in(doing)sth 使某人参与(做)某事使某人参与(做)某事be/get involved in 卷入卷入.中;参与中;参与.中中The test will
30、involve answering questions about a photograph.我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入努力是值得的。我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入努力是值得的。We believe the efforts _ the task are worthwhile.有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。There was a serious incident _ a group of young people.involved in completinginvolvingscientific adj.科学的,关于科学的;细致严谨的科学的,关于科学的;
31、细致严谨的science n.科学科学UUscientist n.科学家科学家CCscientifically adv.系统地;合乎科学地系统地;合乎科学地moral adj.道德的道德的;道义上的道义上的;品行端正的品行端正的 n.品行,道德品行,道德pl.pl.;寓意;寓意CC反义:反义:immoral adj.不道德的;邪恶的不道德的;邪恶的 morality n.道德,品行;正当性道德,品行;正当性 morally adv.道德上;有道德地道德上;有道德地moral sense 道德意识道德意识moral standards 道德水平道德水平credit n.赞扬,认可赞扬,认可UU;
32、信用;信用UU;学分学分C C vt.存入金额;把存入金额;把.归于归于on credit 赊账;以赊欠方式赊账;以赊欠方式to ones credit 值得赞扬的是值得赞扬的是be a credit to sb/sth 为某人为某人/某事物争光某事物争光credit A to B 把把A A归功于归功于B B discredit v.败坏败坏.的名声的名声 n.丢脸丢脸;名誉丧失名誉丧失 creditable adj.声誉好的;值得称赞的声誉好的;值得称赞的I cant take all the credit for the shows successit was a team effort
33、.She bought the house on credit.To his credit,Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.She is a credit to the school.They credit the invention of the robot to the firm.apply vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关应用;申请;涂;有关application n.申请申请C,UC,U;应用;应用U,CU,C applicant n.申请人申请人CCapply(to sb)for.(向某人向某人)申请申请.apply
34、 to 适用于适用于apply.to.把把.应用于应用于.;将;将.涂抹在涂抹在.上上be applied to.应用于应用于.apply oneself to 致力于,专心于致力于,专心于(to为介词为介词)我想申请这项工作。我想申请这项工作。I want to _ the job.这个建议对我们不适用。这个建议对我们不适用。The suggestion does not _ us.他们可以更好地将理论运用到实践中去。他们可以更好地将理论运用到实践中去。They can better _.这项新技术已应用于农业。这项新技术已应用于农业。The new technology _ farming
35、.我们致力于寻求解决问题的办法。我们致力于寻求解决问题的办法。We _ finding a solution to our problem.apply forapply toapply theory to practicewas applied toapplied ourselves tonegate vt.取消,使无效;否认,否定取消,使无效;否认,否定negation n.否定,否认;拒绝否定,否认;拒绝negative adj.否定的;消极的否定的;消极的negatively adv.否定地;消极地否定地;消极地Alcohol negates the effects of the dru
36、g.酒精能使药物失效。酒精能使药物失效。同义:同义:pessimistic反义:反义:positive optimisticintellectual adj.脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的 n.知识分子,脑力劳动者知识分子,脑力劳动者CCintellectually adv.理智地;智力上;与智力有关地理智地;智力上;与智力有关地智力发展智力发展intellectual developmentmystery n.神秘神秘UU;神秘的人;神秘的人(或事物或事物);悬疑作品;悬疑作品CCmysterious adj.神秘的神秘的.remain a mystery .仍是个
37、谜仍是个谜let sb down 使某人失望使某人失望let in 让让进来;嵌入进来;嵌入let out 泄露;出租泄露;出租let alone 更不用说更不用说let go of sb/sth 放手,放开;摒弃放手,放开;摒弃ignorance n.无知无知UUas to 关于,至于关于,至于ignore vt.忽视,不理睬忽视,不理睬=overlook/neglectignorant adj.无知的,无力的;不了解的无知的,无力的;不了解的be ignorant of/about 不知道某事不知道某事be ignorant that.不知道不知道.e.g.I am beginning t
38、o feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.近义词:近义词:as for,concerning,regardinge.g.Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。take it for granted 想当然地认为,认为想当然地认为,认为.是理所当然是理所当然Many young people take it for granted that they spend th
39、eir parents money.许多年轻人认为花父母的钱是理所当然的。许多年轻人认为花父母的钱是理所当然的。Be more cautious about the things we take for granted.对那些我们认为是理所当然的事情要更加注意。对那些我们认为是理所当然的事情要更加注意。take on 承担;呈现;雇用;穿上承担;呈现;雇用;穿上 take up 拿起;开始从事拿起;开始从事take off 起飞;脱下;事业的腾飞起飞;脱下;事业的腾飞 take charge of 接管,负责接管,负责take in 接受;理解;欺骗接受;理解;欺骗 take seriousl
40、y 重视;认真对待重视;认真对待freedom n.自由自由U,CU,Cauthority n.权威,权力权威,权力UU;官方;官方C,C,free adj.免费的;自由的;空闲的免费的;自由的;空闲的 v.释放;使解脱出来;使免于释放;使解脱出来;使免于freedom of speech言论自由言论自由have the freedom to do sth 有做某事的自由有做某事的自由with freedom 自由地自由地have the authority to do sth 有做某事的权力有做某事的权力local authority 地方当局;地方政权地方当局;地方政权in authori
41、ty 掌权掌权permit vt.&vi.允许,准许,许可;使有可能允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n.许可证许可证CC permitting;permittedpermission n.允许,许可允许,许可UUpermit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事允许做某事apply for a permit 申请许可证申请许可证 ask for permission 请求允许请求允许Time/weather/condition permitting(=If time/weather/condition permits)时间时间/天气天
42、气/条件允许的话条件允许的话with/without(ones)permission 得到得到/未经未经(某人的某人的)允许允许 参观者请勿拍照。参观者请勿拍照。Visitors are not permitted to take photos.我们不允许在屋里吸烟。我们不允许在屋里吸烟。We do not permit smoking in the room.他必须申请一个许可证,而我们必须给他找一份工作。他必须申请一个许可证,而我们必须给他找一份工作。He has to apply for a permit,and we have to find him a job.天气许可的话,我明天过
43、来。天气许可的话,我明天过来。Weather permitting(=if the weather permits),Ill come tomorrow.他未经允许擅自使用了汽车。他未经允许擅自使用了汽车。He took the car without permission.responsibility n.责任,负责责任,负责U,CU,C;职责,义务;职责,义务U,CU,Ca sense of responsibility 责任感责任感be responsible for 对对.负责负责 take on responsibilities 承担责任承担责任take/have/shoulder
44、responsibility for.对对.负责任负责任(ir)responsible adj.(不不)负责任的;负责任的;(没没)有责任心的有责任心的declare vt.表明,宣称;公布;宣布;申报表明,宣称;公布;宣布;申报declaration n.宣告,公告宣告,公告C,UC,U;宣布;宣布CCdeclare war on.向向.宣战宣战declare for/against.声明支持声明支持/反对反对.e.g.They declared for the abolition of slavery.Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1
45、914.nationality n.国籍国籍U,CU,C;民族;民族CCput forward 提出,提议,建议提出,提议,建议put forward a plan/a suggestion 提出计划提出计划/建议建议put down 放下;镇压;写下放下;镇压;写下 put away 收拾好;储存收拾好;储存put.into practice 实施,实行实施,实行 put off 延期延期put on 穿上;上演;假装穿上;上演;假装;增加增加 put out 扑灭,使熄灭;生产扑灭,使熄灭;生产put up 举起;搭建;张贴;留举起;搭建;张贴;留.住宿住宿 put up with 容忍容
46、忍put aside 把把.撇开不理,不考虑撇开不理,不考虑evolution n.进化进化UU;演变,发展;演变,发展U,CU,Cpublish vt.出版,发行;发表;公布出版,发行;发表;公布evolve v.发展;进展;进化;逐步形成发展;进展;进化;逐步形成evolutionary adj.进化的;发展的进化的;发展的the theory of evolution publisher n.出版者出版者同义词:同义词:release 发布;公布发布;公布marriage n.结婚,婚姻结婚,婚姻CC;已婚状态;已婚状态UUmarry v.结婚;成婚;嫁;娶结婚;成婚;嫁;娶(un)married adj.(未未)已婚的已婚的marriage ceremony 结婚仪式结婚仪式