1、The ing form as the Subject and ObjectGrammarHave you ever seen these signs?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ing forms1.动词动词-ing形式的构成形式的构成:是在动词末尾加是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成形式构成,因此又叫动词的因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。形式。如如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式否定形式:not+-ing 构成构成2.动词动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化,
2、但可以有时态和语态的变化但可以有时态和语态的变化,如如having done,being done。3.动词动词-ing形式由动词加形式由动词加-ing变化而成变化而成,它同时具有名词和动词的特征它同时具有名词和动词的特征,在句中可以在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语等。作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语等。一、动词一、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。谓语动词通常用单数。如：如：对年轻人和老年人来讲对年轻人和老年人来讲,走路是一种很好的锻炼。走路是一种很好的锻炼。Walking is a good form
3、of exercise for both young and old.在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯Watching news on TV has become a routine（日常习（日常习惯）惯）for me.乘火车去杭州要乘火车去杭州要16个小时。个小时。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。Asking a womans age is impolite in our country.一个英语句子是由主谓宾
4、构成的。通常情况下，主语和宾一个英语句子是由主谓宾构成的。通常情况下，主语和宾语通常是由名称或代词充当的。当主语和宾语变成了动语通常是由名称或代词充当的。当主语和宾语变成了动词词,用法是用法是主动的必须用主动的必须用doing,被动的必须用被动的必须用being done.也可用也可用ones doing 或或ones being done.否定否定时时not必须放在必须放在doing 之前。之前。1)_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.I find
5、 _more tomatoes does good to peoples health.B.to eat B.eating C.eat D.eatenBB2)._ made the student_ interest in his studies.Being punished,to lose B.Published,loseC.Being punished,lose D.Having been punished,lost3.-What made you upset?-_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of los
6、ing4._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.B.Exposed B.Having exposedC.Being exposed D.After being exposedCCC5._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending 6.
7、_the homework made his father lose his temper.temper.A.The boys not having doneB.The boy not having doneC.The boys having not doneD.The boy having not doneDA2.-ing形式作主语时常后置形式作主语时常后置,此时须用此时须用it作形式主语作形式主语,用形用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有:no use,no good,fun,a hard/difficult job,a waste of t
8、ime等等;形容词有形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。如等。如:为这件事找借口是没有用的。为这件事找借口是没有用的。Its no use making an excuse for this.谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thing.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.这个问题值得讨论。这个问题值得讨论。It
9、 is worthwhile discussing the question.3.在在there be结构中作主语结构中作主语,构成构成“There is/was no doing-”这种结构的意思相当于这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”。如：。如：There is no hiding of evil but not to do it若要人不知若要人不知,除非己莫为。除非己莫为。Here is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。There was no knowing when he would lea
10、ve.无法知道他什么时候离开无法知道他什么时候离开.注意：注意：动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常不定式则通常表示具体的动作。表示具体的动作。如：如：集邮是一种乐趣。集邮是一种乐趣。Collecting stamps is a pleasure.我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party归纳归纳:常用常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste
11、of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的There is no doing-无法无法There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理There is/was no use doing 干干无意义无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比没有比更糟的更糟
12、的There is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义注意注意:There is no need to do sth 干干没必要没必要,在此句式中在此句式中to do不可换为不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her.提示提示:当动名词用作主语时当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。我姐姐病了我姐姐病了,使我很担心。使我很担心。My sisters being ill made me worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必
13、就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.二、动名词用作宾语二、动名词用作宾语 1.只能后接只能后接doing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词:考虑建议盼原谅考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keep
14、on,practice,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape.此外，此外，be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand,give up,feel like,insist on,thank you for,apologize for,be busy(in),顺便记一下：顺便记一下：下列动词只接下列动词只接to do做宾
15、语：做宾语：决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,beg,helphave some difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend/waste time(in),等动等动词词组也要用动名词做宾语。词词组也要用动名词做宾
16、语。We must try to avoid _(repeat)the same mistakeHave you considered _(look)for one special friend?Do you feel like_(have)a walk with me after supper?People couldnt help _(laugh)funny manThe squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _(catch).I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail)across the Atlantic.I wou
17、ld appreciate your _(call)tonight.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch).repeatinglookinghavinglaughingbeing caughtsailingcallingbeing caught 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A.介词介词+动名词动名词,如：如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits.我向你道
18、歉我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。刚才对你那样生气。I apologize for being so angry with you.离开几年之后再回到你的家乡离开几年之后再回到你的家乡,感觉有点怪。感觉有点怪。After being away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.B.动词动词+介词介词+动名词动名词,如：如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。I insist on taking enough food for this trip同学们脸上没有笑容
19、同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。相反都做了怪脸。Instead of smiling,each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very interested in working for our company我喜欢钓鱼和旅游。我喜欢钓鱼和旅游。I am fond of fishing as well as traveling.下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词都是介词,所以后面跟名词或所以后面跟名词或-ing形式形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down
20、 to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。等。但是，介词但是，介词but,except,besides后要连用后要连用to do sth.,而而且这三个词前出现且这三个词前出现do 的任何形式还要省略的任何形式还要省略to.我没有选择只好放弃。我没有选择只好放弃。I had no choice but to give up.I could do nothing but give up.2.存在既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词存在既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的常见的有有:begin,start,continue,inten
21、d,like,love,prefer,hate,mean,forget，remember,regret,go on,try 等。等。1).在在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用等动词之后，用-ing或不定或不定式意义上没有什么不同式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同只是侧重点有些不同,动名词动名词表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。不定式表示具体的一次性动作。我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢今天去游泳，因为天气太凉。我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢今天去游泳，因为天气太凉。I like swimming,but I dont like to swim today,f
22、or it is too cool.2).在在begin/start,continue,intend之后之后,用动名词和用动名词和不定式不定式,意义无甚区别意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。尤其是当主语是人的时候。3).在动词在动词forget,remember,regret之后之后,用动名词与不用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表不定式表示后于谓语动作示后于谓语动作,如：如：我记得我已把信寄了。我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。我会记着去寄信的。Ill reme
23、mber to post the letter我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer我遗憾地通知你我们不能聘用你。我遗憾地通知你我们不能聘用你。I regret to inform you that we are unable to employ you.不要忘了给你母亲写信。不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret missing the report我遗
24、憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。I regret to say I cant take your advice1.-Robert is indeed a wise man.-Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking2.When asked by the police,he said that he remembered _ at the party,but not _.to arrive;leaving B.to arriv
25、e;to leaveC.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leaveDCgo on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来开始停下来开始 做做(别的事别的事)4).在在try,mean,stop,go on,cant help,be used之后之后,意义各不相同意义各不相同:try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事
26、努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。We must try to get everything done in time我们用别的方法做这工作试试。我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the work in some other way我并不想叫你生气。我并不想叫你生气。I didnt mean to make you
27、 angry你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。Your plan would mean spending hours请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exercise我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talk1.Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to sto
28、p _ yet.A.study B.to study C.for studying D.studying2.Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told3.What made you so upset?_ two tickets to the pop music concert.A.Losing B.Because of losing C.To lose D.Because I
29、 had lost 4.I cant imagine _ that with them.A.do B.to do C.being done D.doingB D AD made me upset.3.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost 4._ is forbidden inside the park.A.To cycle B.We cycle C.Anyone cycles
30、 D.Cycling 5.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 6.The old lady needs _.A.look after B.to look after C.looking after D.being looked afterBDCC7.I still remember_ to the Famen T
31、emple and what I saw there.A.To take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken8.-They are quiet,arent they?-Yes.They are accustomed_ at meals.B.To talk B.to not talk C.to talking D.to not talking9.Isnt it time you go down to _the papers?C.Mark B.be marked C.being marked D.marking10.its necessary to be pr
32、epared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.D.To have had B.having had C.have D.having11.Susan wants to be independent of her parents.She tried_ alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.A.Living B.to live C.to be living D.having lived12.-is there any possibility of th
33、e film_ in Paris International Festival?-Not in the least,because audience generally think little of it.B.Trying out B.tried out C.to try out D.being tried out13.-we didnt find the Blacks _the lecture.-no one of had told them about_ a lecture the following day.C.To attend,there to be B.attending,the
34、re beingC.attended,there be D.attend,there was14.My mother really cant understand_ the cat likes that.A.You treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating14.Some schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to_ with the global education community.A.Being connected B.connectC.Having been connected
35、 D.be connected15.He suggested me_ the teacher for help.B.To ask B.should ask C.asking D.would ask16.upon_ home,he made a telephone call to me.C.He arrived B.arrived C.arriving D.to arrive17.-do you know why they practise_ basketball every school?-they practise_ in the basketball match of our school
36、.D.playing,to join B.playing,joiningC.To play.To join D.to play,joining18.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.A.You to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling19.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.B.Find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding20.-I must apo
37、logize for_ ahead of time.-that is all right.C.Letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.Letting you know not D.letting not you know1.If you can keep _(read)English newspapers,your English will be improved.2.He has promised _(come)to my birthday party.3.I hate _(tell)lies!4.I will never forget _(
38、go)to Beijing with him last summer.I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.Complete these sentences:readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell1.出国旅行是很激动人心的出国旅行是很激动人心的。2 在这儿等是没用的在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧我们走吧。3 我记得在哪里见过他我记得在哪里见过他。4 我后悔没听你的劝告我后悔没听你的劝告。5 帮助别人就是帮助你自己帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Traveling abroad is v
39、ery exciting.Its no use waiting here.Lets go.I remember seeing her somewhere.I regret not following your advice.Helping others means helping yourself.Translation Lets talk about our friends!Remember to use Verb-ing as much as possible.is his/her job every day.He/She enjoys He/She is interested in He
40、/She dreams of He/She hates makes him/her happy/sad.He/She cares about Write about a person you love or respect very much.Here is a sample for you.Mingming is a smart boy._(play)with model cars is his favorite.And he also likes _(run).It seems _(play)is his job every day.Besides,he enjoys _(talk)so much that it seems that he never stops _(talk)until he goes to sleep.Maybe that is why he is good at _(tell)stories.runningPlayingplayingtalking talkingtelling
