1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修一Unit 3 The art of painting1.*portrait/ptret/n.肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘(29)2.landscape/lndskep/n.乡村风景画；风景，景色(29)【原句背诵】Below is a list of some popular types of painting:Portrait paintingStill life painting Landscape painting Cityscape paintingReal-life paintingHistory painting【联想拓展】natural lan
2、dscape 自然景观；天然景观 an urban/industrial landscape 都市工业景观the dramatic landscape of the area 引人入胜的风光the woods and fields that are typical features of the English landscape 具有典型英国风景特征的森林与田野an artist famous for his landscapes 以风景画闻名的画家【经典例句】Kennas latest series of landscapes is on show at the Zelda Gallery
3、.肯纳的乡村风景画系列正在塞尔达画廊展出。Junes events completely altered the political landscape.6月的事件完全改变了政治局面。【链接高考】（2017天津卷）Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape?让她移动好让我拍一张风景照是不是太过分了?（2017天津卷）The landscape,beautiful on its own,somehow comes to life and breathes because
4、this woman is engaging with it.风景本身就很美，但却因为这个女人的参与而变得鲜活起来。（2017浙江卷）In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.在这座城市里，潘宁顿先生给了本杰明创作油画的材料。那男孩开始画山水画。3.wander/wnd(r)/vi.&vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 (30)4.gallery/lri/n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 (30)
5、【原句背诵】As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery,I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players.【联想拓展】wander(away/off)/(from/off sth)偏离（正道）；走失；离散wander(away,back,to,etc.sth)走神；神志恍惚；（思想）开小差wander about 徘徊；流浪；漫步wandering adj.流浪的；漫游的；徘徊的；蜿蜒的wanderer n.流浪者；漫游者；迷路的动物wanderlust
6、 n.流浪癖；漫游癖；旅游热an art/a picture gallery 美术馆；绘画陈列室the National Gallery 国家美术馆【形近词】wonder v.想知道，好奇，琢磨【经典例句】They wandered aimlessly around the streets.他们在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。The child wandered off and got lost.那孩子走散后迷路了。Its easy to be distracted and let your attention wander.很容易走神分散了注意力。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）The righ
7、t level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,without making it impossible to focus.适当水平的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，足以让我们的想象力漫游，而不会让我们无法集中注意力。（2014山东卷）One morning,Anns neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local eleme
8、ntary school.一天早上，安的邻居特蕾西发现一条走失的狗在当地的小学附近游荡。5.decade/deked;dked/n.十年，十年期(30)6.mostly/mstli/adv.主要地，一般地(30)【原句背诵】I could see from Monets works that he was greatly inspired by nature.In the last three decades of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden.【联想拓展】over the past decade 在过去的十年里the la
9、st decade of the twentieth century 20世纪的最后10年2 decades 二十年英语中表示数字的词汇：dozen 十二；一打 score 二十 fortnight 两星期；14天 hundred 一百 million 一百万 billion 十亿 etc.【经典例句】The media training industry has mushroomed over the past decade.媒体培训业在过去的十年中迅速发展。The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in
10、 the past decade.在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。Cars are mostly metal.汽车大多是金属制成的。Were mostly out on Sundays.我们星期天一般不在家。【链接高考】（2021新高考卷I）Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.不幸的是，仅仅几十年之后，探险家和定居者就破坏了大部分资源。（2021新高考卷I）I
11、t is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives.我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。（2019全国卷I）The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of in
12、expensive,plastic-like parts.研究人员说，这种键盘应该很容易商业化，主要由廉价的塑料类零件制成。7.pond/pnd/n.池塘，水池 (31)8.*canvas/knvs/n.画布，油画；帆布 (31)【原句背诵】I couldnt believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond,all in different colours and styles.It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simp
13、le scene,he brought the ponds beauty to the canvas in a unique way.9.neighbourhood/nebhd/(AmE neighborhood)n.街区，城区；邻近的地方(31)10.strike/strak/vt.&vi.(struck,struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划（火柴）n.罢工；袭击；击，打 (31)【原句背诵】Renoir,I noticed,preferred to paint scenes of everyday life.For me,the most interesting of his
14、 paintings is his 1876 masterpiece Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette,which shows life in a busy neighbourhood of Paris on a Sunday afternoon.When I saw it up close,I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting,and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together.【联想拓展】a poo
15、r/quiet/residential neighbourhood 贫困的街区；安静的城区；居民区the neighbourhood police 社区警察 in the neighbourhood of 大约；在.附近strike at 袭击；攻击；向打击 strike in 插嘴strike for 为而罢工 strike against 为反对而罢工strike on 打在上；突然想起 strike up 使开始；建立起；开始演奏strike out 打击；删去；想出；产生 strike back 回击，反击on strike 罢工，罢工中 go on strike 举行罢工strike
16、 while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 within striking distance(of sth)近在咫尺；在攻击距离之内be struck by/on/with sb/sth 被某人（或某物）打动；迷恋某人（或某物）【警示误区】strike作动词时，过去式、过去分词是不规则变化：struck,struck。使用时要注意！【经典例句】Beijing is divided into distinct neighborhoods.北京分为几个区，风格各异。We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy
17、.我们在附近寻找失踪的男孩儿。Houses in the neighbourhood of Shanghai are extremely expensive.上海附近一带的住房极其昂贵。It cost in the neighbourhood of$500.这大约花费了500元。The stone struck her on the forehead.石头击中她的额头。He fell,striking his head on the edge of the table.他摔倒了，头碰在桌棱上。She struck him in the face.她掴了他一耳光。It suddenly stru
18、ck me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。11.setting/set/n.环境，背景；情节背景(31)【原句背诵】Although the paintings had very different settings,it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musee dOrsay-similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists paintings.【联
19、想拓展】a rural/an ideal/a beautiful/an idyllic,etc.setting 乡村、理想、优美、田园等的环境short stories with a contemporary setting 以当代生活为背景的短篇小说【经典例句】Rome is the perfect setting for romance.罗马是寻求浪漫的最佳地点。The setting for this mornings signing ceremony matched the solemnity of the occasion.今天早上签字仪式的布置符合这种场合的庄严气氛。It was
20、the perfect setting for a wonderful Christmas.环境气氛无可挑剔，正是一个美好的圣诞节所需要的。【同义词】setting作“环境，背景”时，同义词可以用environment。【链接高考】（2014浙江卷）Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees,so that employees can“work and socialize in a more natural,park-like setting.”At Googles office,an entire floor is car
21、peted in glass.Facebooks second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.亚马逊正在建造三个玻璃球，里面装满了树，这样员工就可以“在一个更自然、更像公园的环境中工作和交际”。在谷歌的办公室里，整层都铺着玻璃地毯。Facebook在门洛帕克的第二个园区将有一个屋顶公园，带有一条步行道。12.like-minded/lak mandd/adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的(31)13.liberation/lbren/n.解放，摆脱(31)【原句背诵】Monet and Renoir,a
22、long with other like-minded artists,sought liberation from the rules of the old style.【联想拓展】liberation army 解放军Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人们解放军liberate v.解放，解救；使自由，使摆脱约束liberationist n.解放论者；妇女解放论者;adj.主张（妇女）解放论的【经典例句】We should show respect for many soldiers who died in defense of the country
23、in the Chinas War of Liberation.我们应该尊重在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士。14.opposed/pzd/adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的 (31)as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于(31)15.dominate/dmnet/vt.&vi.在中具有最重要（或明显）的 特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视(31)【原句背诵】Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works,as opposed to the history paintings that had traditional
24、ly dominated European art.【联想拓展】be/get opposed to(doing)sth 强烈反对（做）某事oppose sb/sth v.反抗，阻碍；与竞争，与角逐oppose doing sth 反对做某事dominated adj.占主导地位的；强势的；占统治地位的domination n.控制，统治dominator n.统治者；支配者；支配力【经典例句】She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她仍然强烈反对移居国外。Our views are diametrically opp
25、osed on this issue.在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。I am utterly opposed to any form of terrorism.我坚决反对任何形式的恐怖主义。Two hundred people attended the meeting,as opposed to three hundred the previous year.出席会议有200人，而前一年是300人。This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to(=rather than)strength.这项锻炼不是增强力量，而是增强柔韧性的。We ate
26、in the restaurant,as opposed to the bistro（小酒馆）.我们是在饭店吃饭，不是在小酒馆。The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.这本书预期将占据畅销书榜首的位置。He denied that his country wants to dominate Europe.他否认他的国家想称霸欧洲。As a child he was dominated by his father.他小时候由父亲主宰一切。Women are no longer dominated by the men in t
27、heir relationships.在两性的相互关系中，女性已不再受制于男性。【链接高考】（2017全国卷III）Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.许多农民反对这项计划，因为他们担心狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。（2014四川卷）This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to st
28、ay up much past midnight.这与“早起的鸟儿”的作息时间是相反的，是一种个人倾向于熬夜到深夜的紊乱。（2013全国卷I）Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three?会不会是两件事形成的模式，而不是三件事?（2019天津卷）Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.食物网可能被许多薄弱环节所主导，因为这种安排在长期内更稳定。
29、（2014湖北卷）The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain,however,that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.碎片大厦现在占据了伦敦的天际线。然而，普通伦敦市民是否会接受它，将其视为对这座城市有价值的附加物，这一点尚不确定。16.employ/mpl/vt.运用，使用；雇用 (31)17.brushwork/brwk/n.（画家的）笔触，画法 (31)18.realistic/ri
30、lstk;rlstk/adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的 (31)【原句背诵】They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things,creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before.【联想拓展】employ sb(as sth)雇用employ oneself in 使忙于；从事于；使从事于；忙于be employed in doing sth 从事于，忙于
31、（做某事）employer n.雇主 employee n.雇员employment n.雇用；使用，利用；工作，就业；就业人数realistic fiction 现实主义小说 realistic view 现实观a realistic assessment 实事求是的评估 a realistic target 切实的目标realistically adv.现实地；实际地；逼真地reality n.真实，现实；实际经历，见到的事物；真实感，逼真性【反义词】realistic的反义词是unrealistic adj.不切实际的；不实在的【经典例句】The group will employ a
32、mix of tactics（战术，策略）to achieve its aim.该团体将运用混合策略来实现其目标。The police had to employ force to enter the building.警察不得不强行进入大楼。More than 3,000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.超过3000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.三年来他一直当消防员。We have to be reali
33、stic about our chances of winning.我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。It is not realistic to expect people to spend so much money.期望人们花那么多的钱是不实际的。We try to make these training courses as realistic as possible.我们努力使这些训练课程尽可能地贴近实际情况。【链接高考】（2019全国卷I）The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard f
34、riendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.这些可爱的孩子善于与他人玩耍，这种品质可以加强在校园里的友谊，激发人际交往能力，如果在早期就加以利用，就会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。（2018北京卷）Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfi
35、lls.贝尔托基尼同意这一观点，并希望她的团队的发现有一天能帮助利用这种酶来分解垃圾填埋场中的塑料。（2018天津卷）The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.阿德莱德大学雇佣了全职的防火专业人员。19.essence/esns/n.本质，精髓；香精，精油 (31)20.vivid/vvd/adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 (31)【原句背诵】To me,these techniques are the essence of the Impressionist vie
36、w of art.Impressionist artists did not try to paint every detail in a scene-just a brief“impression”they had at that moment,burning with vivid colours and light,before it disappeared.【联想拓展】essence of beauty 美的本质in essence 本质上；其实；大体上of the essence 非常重要的vivid memories 清晰的记忆vivid blue eyes 碧蓝的眼睛a vivid
37、 description 生动的描述；生动的报导vividly adv.生动地；强烈地 vividness n.生动；活泼；明亮【经典例句】Italian works reflect the essence of the Renaissance.意大利的作品反映出文艺复兴的精髓。His paintings capture the essence of France.他的画描绘出法国的神韵。The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.这两样东西外表上相同，但本质上不同。The essence of co
38、nsultation is to listen to,and take account of,the views of those consulted.咨询的本质是倾听并把那些被咨询者的观点考虑进来。Speed was of the essence in a project of this type.速度在一个这种类型的项目中至关重要。In this situation time is of the essence(=we must do things as quickly as possible).在这种情况下，时间是至关重要的。The report paints a vivid pictu
39、re of life in the city.报告生动地描绘了都市生活。He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot.他生动地描述了他那战斗机飞行员的生活。I love this novel because it draws a vivid portrait of country lifestyle in Britain.我喜欢这本小说，因为它生动地描绘了英国乡村的生活方式。【链接高考】（2020山东卷）Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the
40、 purest of Central Asian traditions.无论它是什么，其结果是对中亚最纯粹的传统的精美而生动的描述。21.vision/vn/n.远见卓识；视力，视野；想象(31)22.display/dsple/vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 n.陈列，展览；表现；展示(31)【原句背诵】The Impressionists vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin,whose works are
41、also displayed at the Musee dOrsay.【联想拓展】a leader of vision 有远见的领袖to have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision 视力好极好差模糊正常on display 展览，公开展出a breathtaking display of aerobatics 惊险的特技飞行表演a display of affection/strength/wealth 爱的流露；实力的显示；财富的炫耀【同义词】display的同义词：exhibit v.表现出；展览，展出 exhibition n.展览，展出；表
42、现，展示【经典例句】Thats my vision of how the world could be.那就是我对这个世界未来的憧憬。It causes blindness or serious loss of vision.这会引起失明或严重的视力衰退。In business circles he is noted for his flair（天资，天分）and clarity of vision.在商界，他以其风度与犀利的眼光而闻名。The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.这次展览为当
43、地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。These statistics display a definite trend.这些统计数据表现出一种明显的趋势。【链接高考】（2017全国卷III）These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools,night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations.这包括定制的导航工具，夜视系统和智能速度调整。（2020江苏卷）Most obviously,the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of
44、 their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.最明显的是，这些人在开始锻炼时，不吃早餐的血糖水平比吃早餐时低。（2014北京卷）What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop?The products displayed(展示)at the entrance?Or the soft background music?当你走进一家商店时，你首先注意到的是什么?在入口处陈列的产品?还是轻柔的背景音乐?23.worthy/wi/
45、adj.值得（或应得）的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的(31)【原句背诵】It is also worthy of note that Post-Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionism-the movement has had a lasting influence on modern art,encouraging artists to look at the world from an entirely new point of view.It certainly left a
46、 lasting impression on me too!【联想拓展】a worthy champion(=one who deserved to win)当之无愧的冠军be worthy of sb/sth值得（或应得）的；有（某人或事物）的典型特征to be worthy of attention/note 值得注意be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 值得trustworthy adj.值得信赖的，可信的praiseworthy adj.值得称赞的；可嘉的【警示误区】be worth sth/be worth doing 值得【经典例
47、句】The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.这次展览没有任何值得看的东西。A number of the reports findings are worthy of note.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera.作曲家直到写出一部歌剧来才被认为是名副其实。The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause.我们筹集
48、的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。He was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.他愿意为一项有价值的事业接受任何建设性的建议。【链接高考】（2014安徽卷）To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every
49、citizen is a changemaker.为了支持这些有价值的事业，阿育王为世界上最有前途的寻求解决紧迫问题的“变革者”提供资金，并希望创造一个每个公民都是变革者的世界。24.calling/kl/n.职业，事业；使命感(33)【原句背诵】Van Gogh became depressed after he moved to London.In 1880,he took up painting,from which he drew much comfort.As he began to(5)display a talent for painting,he realize that ar
50、t was his true calling.【同义词】vocation n.使命感；工作，职业 profession n.职业 career n.职业，事业【经典例句】He was a consultant physician,a serious man dedicated to his calling.他是一名顾问医生，一个专注于其使命的严肃认真的人。He realized that his calling was to dedicate himself to the country.他体悟到为国奉献是他的使命。25.shade/ed/n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处(34)【原句背诵】I wo
