1、第1页，共21页。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：条件从句为：条件从句为：If+主语主语+动词过去式；动词过去式；主句为：主语主句为：主语+would/should+动词原形动词原形 第2页，共21页。与过去事实相反：与过去事实相反：条件从句为：条件从句为：If +主语主语+动词过去完成式动词过去完成式主句：主
2、语主句：主语+would/should+have+过去分词过去分词与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：条件从句为：条件从句为：1.谓语用动词过去式谓语用动词过去式 2.谓语用谓语用were to+动词原形动词原形 3.谓语用谓语用should+动词原形动词原形主句为：主语主句为：主语+would/should+动词原形动词原形第3页，共21页。注意：主句中的注意：主句中的should 通常用于第一人称通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词思用情态动词could,might等代替。等代替。Eg.1.If I were you,I shou
3、ld study English.2.If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.3.If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.第4页，共21页。当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。要根据它所表示的时间来调整。eg.If you had followed the doctors advice,you would be quite all right now
4、.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以上句型可转换成下列形式：以上句型可转换成下列形式：.从句省略从句省略if,用倒装句式用倒装句式“were,had,should+主语主语”第5页，共21页。Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.Were I in school again,I would work harder.2.用介词短语用介词短语but for;without etc.代替条件代替条件状语从句状语从
5、句But for your help yesterday,I couldnt have done it well.第6页，共21页。Without your help yesterday,I couldnt have done it well.But that I didnt have your help yesterday,I couldnt have done it well.(二二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句：虚拟语气用于宾语从句：1.“wish+宾语从句宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，可表示不能实现的愿望，可译为译为“可惜可惜”“就好了就好了”“但愿但愿”表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动表
6、示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；词用过去式；第7页，共21页。表示过去不能实现的愿望，用表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+动词原形动词原形”或或“could/would+have+过去分词过去分词”表示将来不能实现的愿望，用表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would/could+动词原形动词原形”Eg.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.I wish you could go with us.I wish it were spring all the year round.第8页，共21页。2.虚拟语气在动词虚拟语气在动词a
7、rrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中，用等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”Eg.He demanded that we(should)start right away.We suggested that we(should)have a meeting.第9页，共21页。Note:suggest 作作“表明表明”“”“暗示暗示”解时，宾解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，只有作：语从句不用虚拟语气，只有作：“建议建议”解时解时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
8、，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。insist 作作“力言力言”“”“强调强调”解时，不用虚拟语气解时，不用虚拟语气。只有作。只有作“坚持（应该）坚持（应该）”解时，才用虚拟语气。解时，才用虚拟语气。Her pale face suggested that she was ill.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.第10页，共21页。(三三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位等名
9、词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（should）+动词原形动词原形”。My idea is that he(should)do exercises first.We all agreed to his suggestion that we go to Beijing for sightseeing.第11页，共21页。(四四)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在would rather后接从句的应用后接从句的应用:Id rather she hadnt done that.(从句用过从句用过去完成时表过去的动作去完成时表过去的动作)Id rather
10、 you painted the wall green next time.(从句用过去时表将来的动作从句用过去时表将来的动作)Id rather you paid me now.(从句用过去时指从句用过去时指现在现在)第12页，共21页。（五）虚拟语气在（五）虚拟语气在if it were not for中的中的应用应用:此结构意为此结构意为“如果没有如果没有”，若要表示，若要表示“如果当时没有如果当时没有”，用，用 if it had not been forEg.If it were not for the rain,the crops would die.If it had not b
11、een for your timely help,I would have failed.第13页，共21页。（六）虚拟语气在（六）虚拟语气在as if(as though)引导的从句引导的从句中的应用中的应用:如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用词用“would(could,might)+动词原形动词原形”Eg.He speaks English so fluently as if
12、he had studied English in England.但但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气，后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被设想为真实的。设想为真实的。第14页，共21页。It looks as if our side is going to win.(七七)虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中：引导的感叹句中：If only I had taken his advice.If only I were a bird!（八）虚拟语气用于定语从句：（八）虚拟语气用于定语从
13、句：这种从句常用在这种从句常用在“It is(high)time(that)”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should+动词原形（动词原形（should 不能省略，不能省略，be 用用were）”来表示。来表示。第15页，共21页。It is high time we left.It is high time we should leave.Exercises:1.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.did;set B.had done;should be setC
14、.do;be set D.had done;must be setB第16页，共21页。2.Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV.A.did B.do C.shall do D.have done B3.My suggestion was that the meeting _ off still next week.to put B.be puttingC.Should put D.be putD第17页，共21页。4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _
15、 so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt getD.had driven;wouldnt have gotD5.The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game_ put off.A.for;to B.that;beC.which;should be D.to;beingB第18页，共21页。7._ your letter,I would have written back two days ago.A.If I received B.Shoul
16、d I receivedC.Had I received D.If I could have receivedC8.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been C第19页，共21页。9.I _ you some money,but I hadnt any on me then.A.would lend B.would have lentC.could lend D.may have lentB 10.If only I _ my watch!A.hadnt lost B.havent lost C.didnt lose D.dont loseA第20页，共21页。第21页，共21页。
