1、KevinJun.2022 A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality that is,likelihood,ability,permission,and obligation.1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could,would,had to,might 等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must,ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can 可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。3.在用法上，情态动词须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。无进行时和被动语态
2、。He can ride a bike now,but he couldnt a few weeks ago.1.表示能力，相当于be able to,常译为“会，能”。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。2.表示可能性。can多用于否定句和疑问句中，但也可用在肯定句中；could表示过去的可能，多用于间接引语中。That cant be Mary-she has gone to school.I told the boss that I couldnt finish the work in such a short time.-Can/Could I borrow your bi
3、ke?-Sure.3.表示请求或允许，译为“可以”。表示此意时，用could语气更委婉。-May I open the window?-Certainly.1.表示请求和建议。might比may语气更委婉。用“May I.?”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用“Can I.?”在口语中更常见。注意：答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气 May you succeed!May you have a good journey!2.may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。3.固定搭配:may/might as well表示“还是为好,不妨”You may as well stay longer.Must
4、 we hand in our exercise books today?Yes,you must.No,you dont have to.No,you neednt.1.must表示“必须,一定要”。在回答以must开头的一般疑问句时,如果是否定回答,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而应用neednt或dont have to(不必)。The play isnt interesting.I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.2.must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。What shall we do
5、 this evening?1.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见。2.shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心。You shall fail if you dont work hard.The president shall hold office for five years.3.shall还可用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等,表示规定。4.should常与what、how、why等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪,意为“竟然”。I dont know why you should think that I did it.5.should与oug
6、ht to表示义务或建议,意为“应该”,也可以表示可能性,意思相当于will probably。We should/ought to all work together to draw a new and better blueprint for the sake of succeeding generations.1.will、would表示请求、建议等,would语气更委婉。Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?2.will、would可表示意愿。He will donate money to the poor although he is not
7、wealthy.3.will还可表示“通常会,注定会”,表示一般规律或真理。Fish will die without water.4.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.5.used to表示过去常常，现在不再这样。He used to be late,but now he is the first one to arrive at school every day.1.dare和need作为情态动词时,常用于疑问句和否定句中。Need I tell her the news
8、at once?He dare not go to school alone.2.这两个词也可以用作实义动词。Jack needs to help her because she is in trouble.She didnt dare to stay at home alone.1.had better“最好”，缩写为 dbetter，否定为had better not,表示提出建议、劝告等，含有“应该做某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。Its half past two.We had better go home.2.would rather“宁可，宁愿”缩写为 d rat
9、her，否定为would rather not.He would rather starve than beg for food.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生,而用来说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can 一般不用于肯定句。如：Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性客观的可能性)We may go to the cinema t
10、onight,but we are not sure yet.今晚今晚我们可能去看电影我们可能去看电影,但还没确定。但还没确定。(实际可能性实际可能性,不用不用can)词形肯定式否定式疑问式must必定必定,必然必然/should按说应该按说应该应该不会应该不会/ought to按说应该按说应该应该不会应该不会/can/不可能不可能有可能吗有可能吗?could微弱的可能微弱的可能不可能不可能语气比语气比cancan弱弱may或许或许,也许也许,也说不定也说不定可能不可能不/might比比maymay还弱还弱比比 may not may not 还弱还弱/He might be a thief.
11、That may be our taxi.That could be our new class building.He ought to/should be here on time.He must/has to be the wanted man.依次增强 情态动词原形+have done 表示对过去的推测。情态动词过去式+have done 还可以表示虚拟意义。They may have just graduated from university.They might have just graduated from university.试比较：He cannot have forg
12、otten it.He couldnt have forgotten it.1.With so much work on hand,you _ to see the game last night.A.mustnt go B.could have gone C.shouldnt go D.shouldnt have gone2.-I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her.She is still abroad.A.mustnt see B.cant have seen C.mustnt have seen D.couldnt see3.Aunt
13、 Mary _ the train;otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A.must have missed B.should have missedC.missed D.might miss 4.Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should5.In todays information age,the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a
14、company.A.needB.should C.can D.must6.I cant find my purse.I _ it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure.A.should leaveB.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left1.The phone is ringing,but nobody answers.(他他一定不在家）一定不在家）2.I cant find my coat.(我可能昨天落在店了我可能昨天落在店了)3.Its a pity.(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕你本应
15、该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的业典礼的)4.办公室办公室不能抽烟。不能抽烟。.5.他一定要去吗他一定要去吗？不，不，不需要不需要。.He cant be at home I may/could/might have left it in the store yesterday You should have invited her to your graduation ceremonyYou mustnt smoke in the officeMust he go/Does he have to go?No,he neednt./he doesnt have tomay must can oug
16、ht to might had better would should In the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation_ seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to travelers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?Fi
17、rst,and most importantly,you _stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you should go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _ offer help to travelers in need.Fourth,you _ avoid
18、getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Getting caught _ ruin your life.mayshouldmustcanought towouldmighthad bettermightwould意义：表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,表示一种倾向或推测。基本结构：主语+would(not)+V原形常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。They said the letter inside would
19、 explain what it was all about.Tim thought that the problem would soon be solved.was/were(not)going to do表示说话者过去主观打算做某事,或客观迹象表明过去即将发生某事(但不一定发生)。They said they were going to attend a meeting.The dark clouds suggested that it was going to rain.was/were(not)to do表示过去计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事。The press con
20、ference was to be held the next week.was/were(not)about to do表示过去马上就要发生的事,不强调主观,一般不能与具体的时间状语连用。这种结构后面常与并列连词when连用。I was about to leave when it suddenly began to rain.was/were(not)+doing一些表示位置转换的动词,如go、come、leave、arrive等可以用过去进行时表示过去将来。She told me she was coming to see me.1.Albert Einstein was born in
21、 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A.has been B.had been C.was going to be D.was2.At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he _ the first black president of the United States of America.A.was to become B.becomesC.is to become D.becam
22、e1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera.He _(watch)this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ _(play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.3.Lily decided that she _(settle)in New York and pursue her
23、dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy,I _(call)you.But now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The competition was so close that no one was sure who _(win)the Best Actor award.6.Jim was not here right now.He said he _ _(be)on duty at the library this afternoon.would watch/was going to watchwould play/was going to playwould settle/was going to settlewas going to callwould winwould be/was going to be
