1、A good research paper including?Good science Good writing Publication in good journals第1页，共23页。Good Science?Novel new and not resembling something formerly known or used(can be novel but not important)Mechanistic testing a hypothesis-determining the fundamental processes involved in or responsible f
2、or an action,reaction,or other natural phenomenon Descriptive describes how are things are but does not test how things work第2页，共23页。Good writing:-Things to consider before writing1.Time to write the paper?-has a significant advancement been made?-can the key message be written in 1 or 2 sentences?2
3、.Tables and figures-must be clear and concise 清晰、简洁清晰、简洁-should be self-explanatory 可被单独看懂可被单独看懂？3.Read references-will help in choosing journal-better insight into possible reviewers 第3页，共23页。Good writing:-Things to consider before writing4.Choose journal-study“instructions to authors”-think about
4、possible reviewers-quality of journal“impact factor”5.Tentative title and summary 6.Choose authors 第4页，共23页。Good writing:-Writing the manuscriptThe hardest part is getting started.第5页，共23页。Parts of a manuscriptTitleAbstractIntroductionMethods and MaterialsResultsDiscussion(Conclusion)Acknowledgement
5、sReferences第6页，共23页。Write in what order?TitleAbstractIntroductionMethods and MaterialsResultsDiscussionAcknowledgementsReferences第7页，共23页。Methods and materials Best to begin writing when experiments still in progress.如果实验还未结束，最好从实验方法和材料开始写如果实验还未结束，最好从实验方法和材料开始写 Should be detailed enough so results c
6、an be repeated by others.Include biological materials use approval information.Use descriptive subheadings 使用描述性的小标题使用描述性的小标题 pests agrochemicals samples procedures 第8页，共23页。Good writing:-Results Briefly repeating protocols can be effective 可以简短重复一下实验步骤作为可以简短重复一下实验步骤作为“Results”的开头的开头 Tables and figu
7、res must be straight forward and concise 图和表必须直白、简洁图和表必须直白、简洁 Present main findings referring to tables/figures.根据图、表陈述主要的实验结果根据图、表陈述主要的实验结果 Do not speculate or over discuss results.讨论结果时，不要用推断性语言或过度的讨论讨论结果时，不要用推断性语言或过度的讨论第9页，共23页。Good writing:-Introduction Build case for why study is important/nece
8、ssary 用实例说明这一研究的重要性和必要性用实例说明这一研究的重要性和必要性 Provide brief background State hypothesis/central question Give a one-sentence-summary of findings(optional)第10页，共23页。Good writing:-Discussion First answer question posed in introduction 首先回答在首先回答在“简介简介”中提出的问题中提出的问题 Relate your conclusion to existing knowledg
9、e 把结论与已有的知识联系起来把结论与已有的知识联系起来 Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies 讨论不足之处和与他人结果的差异讨论不足之处和与他人结果的差异 Explain what is new without exaggerating 不带任何夸张地解释本研究的新颖之处不带任何夸张地解释本研究的新颖之处 Do not repeat results 不要重复描述结果不要重复描述结果 Conclusion/summary,perspectives,implications(application)结论结论/概述，远景，可能的影响或作用概述，远景，可能的影响或
10、作用(应用方面应用方面)第11页，共23页。Good writing:-References Relevant and recent Be highly selective Do not misquote 避免错误引用避免错误引用 Use correct style for journal第12页，共23页。Good writing:-Abstract Critical part of paper State main objective 陈述主要研究目的陈述主要研究目的 Summarize most important results 概括最重要的结果概括最重要的结果 State major
11、 conclusions and significance 陈述主要结论和意义陈述主要结论和意义 Avoid acronyms 避免使用缩写避免使用缩写 Write and rewrite until flawless 一遍遍地修改直至完美一遍遍地修改直至完美第13页，共23页。Good writing:-Title Will determine whether paper gets read Avoid long title(see journal rules)Avoid abbreviations第14页，共23页。Revise,revise and revise All authors
12、should participate 请所有作者都参与请所有作者都参与 Review order of data presentation 复审图表和文中的数据陈列顺序是否一致复审图表和文中的数据陈列顺序是否一致 Double check references 多次检查参考文献多次检查参考文献 Look for typos 查找打字错误查找打字错误 Double check spelling 多次检查拼写多次检查拼写第15页，共23页。Tips (小提示小提示)nKnow the journal,its editors,and why you submitted the paper there
13、 了解你投稿的期刊、编辑，投稿理由要充分了解你投稿的期刊、编辑，投稿理由要充分nPay close attention to spelling,grammar,and punctuation 注意拼写、语法、标点符号注意拼写、语法、标点符号nMake sure references are comprehensive and accurate 确保参考文献全面、准确确保参考文献全面、准确nAvoid careless mistakes 避免因粗心犯的错误避免因粗心犯的错误nRead and conform to“Instructions for Authors”认真阅读并对照认真阅读并对照“作
14、者须知作者须知”校对文章校对文章第16页，共23页。Submission 投稿投稿Read instructions carefullyFill out all necessary formsCopyright transferConflict of interestWrite cover letter(suggest reviewers)Confirm receipt after 6 weeks第17页，共23页。Responding to reviewers答复评审的意见答复评审的意见Carefully prepare your responsesEach comment should b
15、e addressedEach change should be statedBe nice and enthusiasticReviewer may be wrongBe tactful thank the reviewersDo not respond to reviewers while upsetNever call the editor1.Get help from other authors第18页，共23页。Publication ProcessCompletion of researchPreparation of manuscriptSubmission of manuscr
16、ipt Assignment and reviewDecisionRevisionResubmissionRe-reviewAcceptancePublicationRejectionRejection要耐心！要耐心！第19页，共23页。Major reasons for rejection被拒的主要原因被拒的主要原因 Not novel 课题不够新颖课题不够新颖 Poor experimental design 实验设计差实验设计差 -Hypothesis not adequately tested 假设没有被检验假设没有被检验 Inappropriate for journal 投错期刊投
17、错期刊 Poorly written 写作太差写作太差第20页，共23页。Several Deadly Sins几种必死的错误几种必死的错误 Data manipulation,falsification 篡改、伪造数据篡改、伪造数据 Duplicate manuscripts 一稿多投一稿多投 Plagiarism 抄袭抄袭 Author conflicts of interest 作者利益冲突声明作者利益冲突声明 Redundant publication 多余的数据发表出版多余的数据发表出版第21页，共23页。What constitutes redundant publication?
18、什什么是多余的数据发表？么是多余的数据发表？Data in conference abstract?No数据在参加会议的摘要里出现过？数据在参加会议的摘要里出现过？可以可以Same data,different journal?Yes相同数据，发表在不同期刊？相同数据，发表在不同期刊？不可以不可以Data on website?Maybe使用网络数据？使用网络数据？也许可以也许可以Data included in review article?OK if later数据也发表在了综述文章里？数据也发表在了综述文章里？在本篇发表以后可以在本篇发表以后可以Expansion of publishe
19、d data set?Yes已被发表的数据的扩展数据？已被发表的数据的扩展数据？不可以不可以第22页，共23页。Resources 参考资料参考资料Day,RA.“How to write and publish a scientific paper,”5th edition,Oryx Press,1998.Fischer BA,Zigmond MJ.“Components of a research article.”survivalpitt.edu Marshal GS.“Writing a peer reviewed article.”http:/dor.umc.edu/ARCHIVES/GMarshallPublishingarticle.ppt图书馆英文SCI文章写作规范和技巧 第23页，共23页。
