1、Unit 1 Great scientistsWarming upWhat impress you most in 2003?Which person impress you most during the SARS?Zhong Nanshan (钟南山钟南山)福建厦门人，出身于医学世家。中国工福建厦门人，出身于医学世家。中国工程院院士，中华医学会会长。中国治疗呼吸系统疾病的领军人物。程院院士，中华医学会会长。中国治疗呼吸系统疾病的领军人物。Lets have a competition!Do you know other scientists?The following is a quiz
2、and lets find out who knows the most.1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B.ArchimedesC.Thomas EdisonA.Charles DarwinArchimedes(287212 BC)Archimedes:Ancient Greek.He was a mathematician.He found that if you put an object into water the wat
3、er pushes the object up.It rises and partly floats.Give me a place to stand on,and I can move the earth.-Archimedes2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?A.Marie CurieC.Charles DarwinB.Gregor MendelCharlie Darwin(1808-1882)Britain naturalist.The Ori
4、gin of Species was published in 1859.It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment.His book showed that people had developed from apes.3.Who invent the first steam engine?A.Thomas NewcomenC.Thomas EdisonB.ArchimedesBritish,improved the first steam pu
5、mp and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.(1663-1729)Thomas Newcomen4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.A.Thomas EdisonC.ArchimedesB.Gregor Mendel格里哥孟德尔（奥地利遗传学家Gregor MendelCzech(18221884)Gregor Mendel.The fa
6、ther of genetic.He grew pea plants and developed ideas on inherited characteristics.Between 18561863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance(遗传遗传).5.Who discovered radium?A.Marie CurieC.NewtonB.Zhang Heng(1867-1934)(P
7、olish and French,won two Nobel Prizes)Marie Curie(1867-1934)was born in Poland,moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics there.She married Pierre Curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium.In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.Her death in 1934 was
8、 almost certainly due to radiation in her work.6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A.Stephen Hawking C.Thomas EdisonB.Archimedes(1847-1931)an American inventorThomas Edison(1847-1931)He was already an inventor of other electrical devices(phonograph,electric ligh
9、t bulb)when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station.This was a tremendous achievement,which had previously been thought impossible.Thomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonographfunr:f 留声留声机机LightbulbMotion Pictures电影 7.Who was the pa
10、inter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A.Gregor MendelC.Marie CurieB.Leonardo da Vinci莱昂纳多莱昂纳多达达芬奇芬奇(1452-1519)Italian artistLeonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive.He used to
11、study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.One of his famous paintings includes the“The Last Supper”.8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A.Sir Humphry DavyC.FaradayB.Thomas Newcomen(1778-1829)British,英国化学家英国化学家煤矿安全灯发明者汉弗莱煤矿安全灯发明者汉弗莱戴维爵士戴维爵士 Sir Humphry
12、 Davy(17781829)British.He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide(laughing gas)as an anaesthetic.(麻醉药麻醉药)In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?A.Charles DarwinC.Watt B
13、.Zhang Heng(78-139)Chinese,invented seismographZhang Heng,Chinese(78-139)He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake.It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top,each with a ball in its mouth.Around the bottom were eight frogs directly un
14、der a dragons head.When an earthquake occurred,a ball fell out of the dragons mouth,making a noise.10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A.Stephen Hawking史蒂芬史蒂芬霍金（英国著名物理学家）霍金（英国著名物理学家）C.CopernicusB.Archimedes(1942-)a British astronomerStephen Hawking,British(1942-)He has worked in astronomy
15、and studied black holes in space.He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but,from time to time,throw out matter as well.This may mark the beginning of new galaxies(银河系银河系).This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes“eat”everything they come across
16、.John Snow British(1813 1858)a legendary(传奇的传奇的)figure in the history of public health,epidemiologyepi,di:mildi（流行病（流行病学）学）and anesthesiology（麻醉学）（麻醉学）Do you know how to prove a new ideain scientific research?seven stages发现问题提出假设思考方法收集资料分析结果寻找证据得出结论THINKWORK FINDDo scientific research(The process)Fi
17、nd a problemMake a questionThink of a methodCollect results Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceDraw a conclusionSOLVE?John Snow defeats“King cholera霍乱王”What is Cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was ve
18、ry difficult to defeat.It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.And the victims died very quickly from a loss of liquid after severe vomiting(呕吐呕吐)and diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻).Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?Task 1:Skim and ScanvWho defeats“King
19、Cholera“?vWhat happened in 1854?vHow many people died in 10 days?vWhy is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?John SnowCholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 2detailed readingRead and answ
20、er:Para.1John Snow was an doctor in London who Queen Victoria as her personal .He thought about helping ordinary people to cholera.Though the cause and the of it were unknown,he wanted to face the and solve the problem.expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengeParagraph 2 make up a question:Which t
21、heory to believe in?Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _.A.gathering information with the help of a map B.looking into the source of
22、 the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C.separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D.both A and B E.both A and CParagraph 3&4Paragraph 3&41.What did he do with the results of his enquiry?2.What valuable clue did he get about the cause of the disease?3.What might be the cau
23、se?Marked on a mapMany of the deathshad no deaths.It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera.A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public houseParagraph 51.Why did he tell people to remove
24、the handle from the pump?2.What happened after the handle was removed?So that slowed downParagraph 6 What s the extra evidence?Two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.Paragraph 7 What are John Snows suggestions?The source of all water supplies should
25、be examined.New methods of dealing with polluted water should be found.The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C.The source of al
26、l drinking water should be examined.D.How did John Snow collect,analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it.Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera.Task 3Mind Map of the textSteps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a metho
27、d4.collect resultsWhat causes cholera?Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not diedWhich theory is correct?What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not diedGather i
28、nformation on those who were ill or died and where they got their waterWhat causes cholera?Which theory is correct?6.Repeat if necessary7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsAnalyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illnessFind other evidence to make sure the conclusionThe water is to blame
29、.The source of all drinking water should be examined.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead
30、people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.doctor19thcausedefe
31、atbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)HomeworkWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life to prevent ourselves from getting infected with all these infectious diseases?DiscussionDiscussion.Eat cooked food while it is still hot.Boil water thoroughly(完全完全)before drinking.Wash hands with soap and water before preparing food and eating.Avoid eating raw food,especially seafood.
