1、 Chapter 2 Development of the English Vocabulary第1页，共16页。ContentsvReview of Chapter 1vAn Introduction to Chapter 2vThe Indo-European Language Family（印欧语系）（印欧语系）vThree Phases of the Historical DevelopmentvVocabulary Practice vHomework第2页，共16页。1.Review of Chapter 1v A word is a minimal free form of a
2、language that has a given sound,meaning and _.v If we compare vocabulary to a family,words are _.v If youve mastered 3000 English words,we can see you have _ vocabulary(vocabularies).v Every word has sound and meaning and the relationship between them is _ and _.第3页，共16页。5.The last letter of“bomb”is
3、 silent,which indicates sometimes sound is not consistent with _.6.The huge English vocabulary may fall into _ and _ by use frequency.7.By _,the English words can be grouped into content words and functional words.8.The English vocabulary can be classified into _ and _ by origins.第4页，共16页。9._ is the
4、 most important of all features of the basic word stock.10.“beautiful”and“walk”belong to _,while“to”and“will”belong to _.(content words or functional words)11.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words,_ or _.12.“Bazaar”is borrowed from Persia but has retained its original p
5、ronunciation and spelling.We call it an _.第5页，共16页。2.An Introduction to Chapter 2v Where does English come from?v In which way is English related to other languages?v Why are Germanic dialects or Teutonic dialects are known as English now?v What is the size of the vocabulary of the first settlers?v
6、How has English developed into what is now a huge modern vocabulary?第6页，共16页。3.The Indo-European Language FamilyKey Points:v全世界大约有全世界大约有3000 3000 种语言，分成种语言，分成300300个语系。个语系。v印欧语系是印欧语系是300300个语系中的一个个语系中的一个v印欧语系中的语言的基本词汇和语法相似印欧语系中的语言的基本词汇和语法相似v印欧语系分为印欧语系分为1010语族：东部组语族：东部组4 4个和西部组个和西部组6 6个个v日耳曼语族属于西部组日耳
7、曼语族属于西部组v日耳曼语族日耳曼语族包括：挪威语，冰岛语，丹麦语，瑞典语，德包括：挪威语，冰岛语，丹麦语，瑞典语，德语，荷兰语，佛兰德语和语，荷兰语，佛兰德语和英语英语。v印欧语系中的语言对英语有影响印欧语系中的语言对英语有影响第7页，共16页。4.Three Phases of the Historical Developmentv Old English古英语(450-1150)v Middle English中古英语(1150-1500)v Modern English现在英语(1500-至今)第8页，共16页。Before Old English（古英语之前）（古英语之前）土著居民凯
8、尔特人(Celts)凯尔特语(Celt)入侵者罗马人(Romans)拉丁语(Latin)English is not the native language of the British Isles.第9页，共16页。Old English(450-1150)古英语v罗马军团撤退后，来自北方的皮克特人和苏格兰人又入侵了不列颠群岛。（the Picts and Scots）v凯尔特人向北海的日耳曼武士(Angles,Saxons,Frisian and Jutes)求助。（appeal tofor assistance）v最终日耳曼人成了凯尔特人新的统治者。(conquerors)v统治者的语言
9、被称作 Angles-Saxons.vWhy is this country called England?为什么这个国家叫做英国？(the land of Angles)第10页，共16页。v Characteristics of the Old English:(1)A small monogeneous vocabulary(50000-60000)(2)A few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian (3)The words full of endings第11页，共16页。Middle English中古英语(1150-1500)vNorma
10、n Conquest(1066)诺曼征服vThe influx(流入)of French words into English did not occur until after 1300.vA great number of French words poured(涌入)into English.vCharacteristics of the Middle English:(1)A comparatively large vocabulary (2)A tremendous number of words from French and Latin (3)Word endings are l
11、eveled.第12页，共16页。Modern English 现代英语(1500-至今)vEarly Modern English(1500-1700)(1)Renaissance文艺复兴拉丁风格的现代英语The Renaissance was the period in Europe,especially Italy,in the 14th,15th,and 16th centuries,when there was a new interest in art,literature,science.(2)The Bourgeois Revolution and the Industrial
12、 Revolution资产阶级革命和工业革命vLate Modern English(1700 up to the present)(1)Breathtaking advances in science and technology科技的迅猛发展 (2)Borrowings and coinage in all walks of life借词和造词第13页，共16页。v Characteristics of the Modern English:(1)A huge and heterogeneous vocabulary (2)Tremendous borrowings (3)Words with lost endings第14页，共16页。HomeworkWhat are the basic differences between the vocabularies of the three periods of English development?英语三个发展时期的基本特征是什么？第15页，共16页。Vocabulary Practice第16页，共16页。
