1、第六讲 英汉长句的翻译 一、长句概述 二、英语长句的分析及翻译 三、汉语长句的分析及翻译 四、长句翻译练习第1页，共20页。一、长句概述“长句:1）句子长 2）句法结构复杂 3）修饰语多 第2页，共20页。长句的翻译方法 长句翻译：“层层剥笋”法 1）弄清楚原文的语法结构 主从复合句：分清主、从句 简单句：找出主语、谓语和宾语 2）找出整个句子的语义结构 即中心内容、各层意思 3）分析各层含义间的逻辑联系 （因果、时间顺序等）4）灵活运用多种翻译方法 返回首页第3页，共20页。分析长句分析长句 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：(1)从整体上把握句子的语法结构 主从复合句：分清主、从句 简单句：
2、找出主语、谓语和宾语。(2)找 出 句 中 所 有 的 谓 语 结 构、非 谓 语 动 词、介 词 短 语 和 从 句 的引导词。(3)分析从句和短语的功能 从句：什么从句？（主语、宾语、定语、同位语从句）状语：什么状语？（时间、原因、结果、条件等等）(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系 定语从句所修饰的先行词在哪？同位语从句的被修饰词在哪？状语从句的引导词在哪？(5)是否有插入语等其他成分。(6)分析句子中的词组、搭配。第4页，共20页。1、A conflict between the generation-between youth and age-seems the most stup
3、id of all conflicts,for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be,or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.两代人（即年轻人和老年人）之间的冲突似乎是所有冲突中最愚蠢的。这样的冲突不过是现在的自己和将来的自己的冲突或过去的自己和现在的自己之间的冲突。第5页，共20页。2、Anyone considering taking part in the transformation of those forms of older ar
4、t which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory,so that they should be more in turn with the changing times,and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function,will find spiritual kinship,observing Borromini buildings.Anyone
5、+定语 and anyone 定语 will spiritual find kinship.第6页，共20页。2、Anyone considering taking part in the transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory,so that they should be more in turn with the changing times,and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking
6、out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function,will find spiritual kinship,observing Borromini buildings.译文1：有些旧艺术形式似乎在许多方面不尽人意。考虑改变这些形式以便更好地跟上时代变化的人以及勇于为新材料和新建筑功能探索新表现形式的人，只要观察一下博罗米尼的建筑，就会发现风格上存在亲缘关系。译文2：有的人考虑变革在很多方面不尽人意的旧艺术形式以使其更好地跟上时代变化，有的人勇于为新材料和新建筑功能探索新的表现形式，这两种人只要观察一下博
7、罗米尼的建筑，就会发现风格上存在亲缘关系。（试比较，哪个译文更好？）第7页，共20页。3、What should doctors say,for example,to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who,though he feels in perfect health,is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six
8、months?结构：What should doctors say,for example,to a 46-year-old man 定语1（coming in-,),状语(just before-),定语2【(who-)定语(that-)？】第8页，共20页。3、What should doctors say,for example,to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who,though he feels in
9、 perfect health,is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months.譬如，一名46岁的男子，在与家人外出度假前来进行常规体检，虽然他自己感觉很健康，医生却发现他患了某种癌症，生命只剩下6个月的时间。此时，医生该怎么跟他说呢？第9页，共20页。4、I speak,Im sure,for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well
10、,when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch,both as specialists and as humans,with those human minds your human mind needs to include.句法结构：Im sure,I speak for-and for-when I say sth has no existence and purpose except as it-第1
11、0页，共20页。4、I speak,Im sure,for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well,when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch,both as specialists and as humans,with those human minds
12、 your human mind needs to include.大学存在的意义和目的不外乎使作为主修某专业的你们以及作为人的你们能接触到你们的思想需要纳入的人类思想。这样说的时候，我坚信自己道出了文科学院全体教师以及专业学院全体教师的心声。第11页，共20页。三、汉语长句的分析及翻译 如果汉语长句只是一些短语并列，或分析起来前后两分句只有一层逻辑关系，则一般不做断句处理。如果汉语长句中是多重复句，则在翻译中做断句处理。第12页，共20页。1、他这时已是将近六旬的人，一表人才，高个儿，眉清目秀，头发又多又黑，略带花白，恰好衬出他那堂堂的仪表。At that time,he was a tal
13、l and handsome man in his late fifties with good features and thick dark hair only sufficiently grey adding to the distinction of his appearance.第13页，共20页。2、历史业已证明，人类对资源的认识、开发和利用，以及制造生产工具利用资源的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定的程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。History has proved that mankinds understanding of natural resou
14、rces and his tapping and utilizing of them as well as his capability of making tools of production to make use of these resources symbolize the development level of social productive forces,and to some extent,determine the basic structure and development pattern of a given society.第14页，共20页。3、华大妈在枕头
15、底下掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交给老栓；老栓接了，抖抖的装入衣袋，又在外面按了两下，便点上灯笼，吹熄灯盏，走向屋子去了。After some fumbling under the pillow,Laoshuans wife produced a packet of silver coins and handed it over.He took it,put it in his pocket with trembling hand and then patted his pocket twice.Then he lit the paper lantern,blew out the oil lamp
16、 and walked into the inner room.第15页，共20页。4、同时，中国自己也冷静地分析形势，经济情况确实十分好，可以说是有史以来没有过的好，但同时也有不少问题，还有八千万人在贫困线以下，所以还有很多工作要做，这也说明这次洽谈会的重要。At the same time,China had a clear understanding of its situation.Its economy is developing fast,faster than ever before,but there are many problems.For example,80 milli
17、on people still live below the poverty line.Therefore,China has much work to do and this indicates the importance of the Talks.返回首页第16页，共20页。结语 英汉长句的差异 翻译策略英语长句层次较复杂，利用“层层剥笋”的方法，对句子进行分析、多用主从结构 转换，然后根据原文的逻辑关系和汉语的表达 习惯进行重组。汉语长句多用并列结构 根据实际情况融合或断句处理。返回首页第17页，共20页。1、While field visits are complex，time-co
18、nsuming and relatively costly,they make it much easier to identify inequities in levels of financing and performance across a country and to showcase good local practice.field visits:实地访问 2 When Smith was drunk,he used to beat his wife and daughter;and the next morning,with a headache,he would rail
19、at the world for its neglect of his genius,and abuse,with a good deal of cleverness,and sometimes with perfect reason,the fools,his brother painters.Homework第18页，共20页。3 Artists tended to think of themselves as a chosen elite,and where they concerned themselves with politics,they often identified the
20、mselves with the right wing rather than the left.4 Furthermore,the profile of the flourishing economy Cyprus enjoys in the year 2000,Cyprus was included among the 16 countries with the highest per capita income and among the 22 countries with the highest human development in the world has increased the standard of living for both men and women in Cyprus.Cyprus:塞浦路斯第19页，共20页。5 自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的，于是节后天天吃剩菜，所以我不喜欢过节。谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦 treasure each and every grain of rice in the bowl第20页，共20页。
