1、英语教学理论与方法9Lesson Planning第1页，共30页。一、一、Why is lesson planning important?1、Common misconception(P.52)2、Beneficial to English teachers in a number of ways and of other ways.P.53第2页，共30页。What is lesson planning?Lesson planning means making decisions in advance about what techniques,activities and materi
2、als will be used in the class.第3页，共30页。Why is lesson planning necessary for a teacher before his/her teaching?How do teachers benefit from proper lesson planning?In how many ways do language teachers benefit from lesson planning?第4页，共30页。What factors influence a lesson?There are 4 factors:Physical c
3、onditions:Class size:affects types of activities Length of a lesson:determine how much can be taught Size of classroom:restricts some types of activities Teaching aids:sufficient or not Time of day:influences the types of activities used(p.m.or a.m.)第5页，共30页。Human factors:Different personalities of
4、teachers decide different styles of teaching Varied needs and attitudes of students The students language level The students learning background第6页，共30页。Change of the syllabus and textbooks Teaching system:Meets the needs of the institutions and examinations A good lesson begins with a good lesson p
5、lan to some extent.That is,good lesson planning is a beginning of your success in your classroom teaching.第7页，共30页。二、二、Principles for good lesson planning.(P.53-54)1、Aim 2、Variety 3、Flexibility 4、Learnability 5、Linkage第8页，共30页。What does a lesson plan consist of?1）the objective of the lesson,2）classr
6、oom aids required,procedures,3）language contents and skills,4）problems and solutions,5）evaluation and so on.第9页，共30页。What are the principles for good lesson planning?1）aim 2）variety 3）flexibility 4）learnability 5）linkage第10页，共30页。三、三、Macro planning vs.micro planning(P.54-55)1、Macro planning:planning
7、 for a month,a term or the whole course,involving four points knowing about the course,knowing about the institution,knowing about the learners,knowing about the syllabus or the curriculum.2、Micro planning:planning for a specific lesson,lasting 40 or 50 minutes.第11页，共30页。What is macro planning and w
8、hat is micro planning?And what is the difference between them?第12页，共30页。What does macro planning involve?Knowing about:the course the institutions learners syllabus But in practice,we dont often have such a macro plan in written form.We usually have:第13页，共30页。A progress chart a teaching plan lesson
9、plans It also can be illustrated as the following:General planning Medium planning Specific planning We can also describe it in this way:A book/Books A unit A lesson第14页，共30页。All above must be in written form.But for an experienced teacher,lesson plans can be a bit brief;for a novice,its necessary a
10、nd important to write out lesson plans in every detail.There is no other better way to go.A clear and detailed lesson plan can always help beginners create a purposeful,interesting and motivating lesson.第15页，共30页。四、四、Components of a lesson plan(P.55-57)1、Teaching aims 2、Language contents and skills
11、3、Teaching stages and procedures第16页，共30页。What does a lesson plan include?At least,it may have the following components:Teaching aims Language contents and skills Teaching stages and procedures第17页，共30页。What does the teaching aim of a lesson include?How to describe teaching aims:(Task 4 p.57)第18页，共3
12、0页。Language skills:Students are able to introduce themselves in Englishtelling others about their names,telephone numbers,addresses,and where they are from,etc.Students are able to find out information about other people in English.Students are able to make an ID card for themselves in English.Affec
13、tive attitudes:Students are able to talk confidently and politely with strangers.Communicative strategy:Students are able to ask other people to clarify if they do not undersatand it.Cultural factor:Students are able to understand the difference of place between Chinese last names and English last n
14、ames.第19页，共30页。通过对课型（此处为“对话”）的判断，确定语言技能为“听说”，但又不是笼统的“听说”，而是要与具体的话题或功能相联系，即“telling others about their names,telephone numbers,addresses,and where they are from,etc”，“finding out information about other people in English”以及“making an ID card for themselves in English”。情感态度、文化因素和交际技能更是隐含在语言材料之中，有时需要借助
15、于语言内容的分析才能得以明确。中观层面的分析是确定语言技能目标的基础，但需要微观层面分析支撑，尤其是话题和功能。所以，中观层面和微观层面是一个有机连续体。第20页，共30页。What do language contents mean and what do language skills mean?The former means:vocabulary,structures(grammar),grammar,functions,topics and so on;the latter means:4 communicative skills In language teaching,it is
16、 important for the teacher to know exactly what language contents will be taught and what language skills will be practiced in the lesson.Language contents:structures(grammar),vocabulary,functions,topics and so on.Language skills:listening,speaking,reading and writing.第21页，共30页。What is the differenc
17、e between teaching stages and teaching procedures?Teaching stages are the major steps that language teachers go through in the classroom.Procedures are the detailed steps in each teaching stage.The most popular teaching stages are three Ps model,which include presentation,practice and production.第22
18、页，共30页。In reading lessons,we apply another 3-stage model,what are they?3-stage model in reading/listening lessons:Pre-reading/listening,while-reading/listening and post-reading/listening第23页，共30页。五、五、Sample lesson plans(PP.61-65)Generally speaking,lesson plans can be designed in two forms:A:items B.
19、diagram第24页，共30页。Sample 1&Sample 2 (In items)Sample 3(In diagram)第25页，共30页。StepsTime(min)Interaction patternsSkillsStudent activity Teacher activityComments(fill after class)第26页，共30页。Lesson Plan(Title)(Class/Grade/School/Date)Teaching aims(language components and communicative skills)Teaching impor
20、tant/difficult language pointsTeaching methodsTeaching time arrangementTeaching aidsTeaching stepsThe design of the blackboardHomework第27页，共30页。Teaching Steps:Greeting and warm-up activity Revision and check homework Presentation/lead-in activities Drills/Repetition Practice Consolidation/test/Produ
21、ction Feedback&summary/Conclusion Setting homework(Consideration)第28页，共30页。Conclusion For a novice in the near future,it is best to make your lesson plans clear and detailed;and try your best to be most imaginative and creative when you make your lesson plans in order to make your teaching most efficient and effective.第29页，共30页。Assignment Write out a lesson plan in every detail based on one unit in school English textbook.第30页，共30页。
