1、Unit one Grammar and usageWho is he?He is Zhao Benshan.What does he do?He is a comedian.What is he doing?He is performing.Whats this?Its the Great Wall in Beijing.Have you ever visited it?Yes,I have.I have visited it twice.Have you ever stood on this stage?No,I havent,but I have been looking forward
2、 to that day.Do you want to study in this university?Yes,we have been expecting to study there for ages.Tenses related to present1.The simple present tense2.The present continuous tense3.The present perfect tense4.The present perfect continuous tense现在时态基本形式时态语态一般现在时主动 被动 现在进行时主动被动现在完成时主动被动现在完成进行时主动
3、被动am/is/are;do/doesbe(am/is/are)doinghave/has donehave/has been doingam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been doneXI.the present tense 1 表示客观事实或普通真理表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时间限制不受时间限制)1)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。2)Japan lies to the east
4、 of China.日本位于中国的东方。日本位于中国的东方。3)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。太阳东升西落。4)A couple of days ago,I learnt from my teacher that the earth _(be)a planet around the sun.is2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态态,常和常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,once a week 等表示频率的时间等表示频率的
5、时间状语连用状语连用.He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。他每天晚饭后散步。My mother _(work)at the same company as my father.我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。We always _ for each other and _ each other.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。我们总是相互关心相互帮助。workscarehelp3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。1)Mr.Smith hates fish and never eats
6、any.斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。2)Mary _ both English and French very well.玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。3)I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.(NMET 2019)A.will play B.have played C.played D.playspeaks4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现或按时间表、表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现或按时间表、议事日程将要发生的动作或状态。议事日程将要
7、发生的动作或状态。1)The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午飞机上午10点起飞。点起飞。2)Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。明天是星期三。3)-Can you tell me when the train _ for Shanghai,sir?-Of course,I can.It _ half an hour ago.A.leaves;left B.will leave;leaves C.will leave;left D.leaves;has left 4)The film _ quite early.So we _ to th
8、e bookstore after that.（2019重庆，重庆，28）A.finished;are going B.finished;go C.finishes;are going D.finishes;to5.在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。将来的动作。We will have to put off the sports meeting providing it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。I cant leave unless my boss agrees.除非
9、老板同意，否则我不能走。除非老板同意，否则我不能走。Notes:if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.你知道条件状语从句你知道条件状语从句常用些什么引导词吗常用些什么引导词吗?!常用的引导条件状语从句的连词有：常用的引导条件状语从句的连词有：unless(除非除非)，in case(万一万一),as/so long as/while(只要只要
10、),on condition that(以以为条件，为条件，只要只要),if,provided/providing that,supposing/suppose that,assuring that,granted/granting that,on the understanding that，in the event that(如果、如果、假设假设)You can go out to play as long as you _(stay)in the back yard.He can use the bicycle on condition that he _(return)it tomor
11、row.Supposing/Suppose he _(be)absent,what shall we do?In the event(that)she_,(inform)I will tell her.例句例句stayreturnsishas not been informed 你知道引导时间状语从句的是哪些连词吗你知道引导时间状语从句的是哪些连词吗?!1.表示表示“当当时候，时候，在在时时,”的有：的有：when,whenever,each time,every time,next time,the first time,any time,the morning,the afternoon,
12、the evening,the night,the day,the week,the month,the year,the spring,the summer,the autumn,the winter例如例如:1.Id like to see you whenever it is convenient.2.Each time I meet him,he will give me some advice.3.-Can I join your club,Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older.(NMET 1994)A.get B.will C.are gettin
13、g D.will have gotA 2.表示表示“一一就就”的连词有：的连词有：as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,directly,immediately,instantly例句例句:1)Ill return the book to him the moment I see him next week.2)Hell e-mail you immediately he gets to New York.3)Zhou Lan is sure to help you the moment _ his work.A.he
14、will finish B.he finishes C.he finished D.he has finished 3.Before 在在之前之前,after在在之后之后,until直直到到,once一旦一旦1)It will be a long time _ Frank _ back from abroad.A.before;comes B.since;has come C.when;will come D.after;will 2)-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-Yes.He had never pra
15、ised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(03春春招招)A.after B.unless C.until D.when 3)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(04福建福建)A.since B.after C.before D.when 6.用一般现在时表将来的用一般现在时表将来的特别句型和短语1)句型see to it that,make sure th
16、at和hope等从句中的动词都常用现在时表将来 Ill see to it that I _ the reference book on time.A.return B.could return C.have returned D.will return Please make sure the windows _ closed.A.is B.are C.will be D.be 2)一些介词短语的现在时可以表达将来的动作或状态。如：一些介词短语的现在时可以表达将来的动作或状态。如：be at hand,be well on the way,in store etc.(1)The Spring
17、 Festival is at hand.=The Spring Festival is coming.=The Spring Festival is on the way.(2)The building is well on the way to being completed.AB一般现在时的基本用法你记住了吗一般现在时的基本用法你记住了吗?!1 表示客观事实或普通真理表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时间限制不受时间限制)2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday
18、,once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用等表示频率的时间状语连用.3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。4 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现或按时间表、表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现或按时间表、议事日程将要发生的动作或状态。议事日程将要发生的动作或状态。5.一些介词短语的现在时可以表达将来的动作或状态。一些介词短语的现在时可以表达将来的动作或状态。如：如：be at hand,be well on the way,in store etc.;特别句型特别句型see to it that用现在时表将来用现在时表将来.6.在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的在
19、时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。动作。The sun _.The man _.is risingis walkingII.Present continuous tense 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作(时间点动作时间点动作),表表明动作未完成。延续性动词有暂时性含义。明动作未完成。延续性动词有暂时性含义。-what are you doing?-I am writing a letter.It s raining heavily now,so we must stay inside.The water _.is boiling2.表示现阶段一直在进行的表
20、示现阶段一直在进行的(时间段时间段)动作。动作。Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。He is teaching English and learning Chinese.他正在一边教英语一边学中文。他正在一边教英语一边学中文。-Is this raincoat yours?-No,mine _ there behind the door.(NMET 2019)A.hangs B.has hung C.is hanging D.hung3.表示按计划、方
21、案或安排而进行的将来的动作。在表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续性动词，如这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续性动词，如come，go，leave，move，die，start，stop，arrive等，等，及少数延续性动词，如及少数延续性动词，如spend，stay等。等。(1)She is leaving for Guangzhou next week(2)We are spending the whole summer holiday in Beijing soon(3)I _ Mr.Wang tonight.我今晚要去见王先生。我今晚要去见王先生。(4)I
22、 _ to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year.我计划今年去青岛过暑假。我计划今年去青岛过暑假。am meetingam going4.与与always often forever often等频度副词连用表等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或赞扬、厌烦、生气等情绪。示经常反复的行为或赞扬、厌烦、生气等情绪。The girl is always talking loud in public.那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me b
23、ack.她经常借钱却忘记还。她经常借钱却忘记还。She is constantly complaining about her fate.她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。You _ things about.Look,what a mess in your big study!A.always throw B.have always thrown C.have always been throwing D.are always throwing Notes:以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。A 表示心理状态、情感的动词表示心理状态、情感的动词
24、Like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,needB 表示存在状态的动词表示存在状态的动词 be,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend onC 表示瞬间动作的动词表示瞬间动作的动词 allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,completeD 表示感官的动词表示感官的动词 see,hear,notice,smell,sound,taste,look(但是但是feel，see(接见接见)，hear(听听)可用进行时可用进行时)1.He
25、 _ not deaf,instead,he _ very well.2.-Youre drinking too much.-Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.sawishearsC(2)The writer _(write)a novel these days(3)Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while they _(drive)has increased greatly.现在进行时
26、的一些特殊含义现在进行时的一些特殊含义1)表示目前反复发生的动作或者表示目前反复发生的动作或者表示表示“在做某事的过程在做某事的过程中中”，然而此时动作不一定正在进行之中然而此时动作不一定正在进行之中(1)But scientists are working hard to turn them into realitiesis writingare drivingHow are you feeling today？=How do you feel today？3)表达婉转语气表达婉转语气 I am hoping to hear from you soon 2)有些表示身体感觉的动词，如有些表示
27、身体感觉的动词，如hurt，ache，feel等使用现在进行时和一般现等使用现在进行时和一般现在时区别不大。在时区别不大。你能说出现在进行时的基本用法了吗你能说出现在进行时的基本用法了吗?!1.表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作(时间点动作时间点动作),表明动作未完成。延续性动词的进行式反表明动作未完成。延续性动词的进行式反而是暂时性短暂性含义。而是暂时性短暂性含义。2.表示现阶段一直在进行的表示现阶段一直在进行的(时间段时间段)动作。动作。3.表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多
28、为非延续性动词，如性动词，如come，go，leave，move，die，start，stop，arrive等，及少数延等，及少数延续性动词，如续性动词，如spend，stay等。等。4.与与always often forever often等频度副词等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或赞扬、厌烦、连用表示经常反复的行为或赞扬、厌烦、生气等情绪。生气等情绪。III.The present perfect tense1 表示反复发生的经历表示反复发生的经历 He has hosted the show eight times.他已经连续八次主持表演。他已经连续八次主持表演。Billy Cryst
29、al has been in many films and television shows.贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。剧。We _ to the Great Wall many times.我们已去过长城多次。我们已去过长城多次。have been2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。果和影响。He has paid his income tax.他已经交了个人所得税。他已经交了个人所得税。Doctors _ that people who laugh a lot live long
30、er!医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。3 与持续时间连用表示动作发生在过去但持续到与持续时间连用表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。现在。My mother has been ill for three days.我妈妈已经生病我妈妈已经生病3天。天。Most of us _ English for 5 years.我们大部分人已经学了我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。年英语了。have foundhave studied4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间 since+从句从句 This(that/
31、It)is the first(second)time that+完成时完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.+that+完成时完成时 Its/It _ 3 years since they got married.Its the first time that I _ to the Great Wall.This is the most interesting film that I _.has beenhave beenhave seen Notes:在时间或条件状语从句中，要用在时间或条件状语从句中，要用现在完成时代替将
32、来完成时现在完成时代替将来完成时,也可以用也可以用一般现在时。一般现在时。If you have done the experiment,youll understand the theory better.如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。理论的。Dont get off the bus until it _.车停稳之前，别忙着下车。车停稳之前，别忙着下车。has stopped/stops一般过去时与现在完成时的区分一般过去时与现在完成时的区分时间上有差异：时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成
33、时态，如：不能用完成时态，如：ago,last year,just now,the other day 等。现在完成时可跟不确定的过去时间、等。现在完成时可跟不确定的过去时间、频度时间和延续到现在的时间连用频度时间和延续到现在的时间连用.结果上有差异：结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对现在完成时强调的是对“现在现在”的影响的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。I _ English at university for three years,but now I
34、ve forgot it.A.have studied B.had studied C.studied D.would study你已经记住了现在完成时的基本用法了你已经记住了现在完成时的基本用法了吗吗?1 表示反复发生的经历表示反复发生的经历2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。种后果和影响。3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间 since+从句从句 This(that/It)is the first(se
35、cond)time that+完成时完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.+that+完成时完成时与现在完成时连用的几种时间状语与现在完成时连用的几种时间状语:1.现在完成时往往同表示现在完成时往往同表示不具体或者不确不具体或者不确定的过去时间状语定的过去时间状语连用连用,如如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等等1)He has already obtained a scholarship.2)I havent seen much of him recently(lately).3
36、)We _ that film before.4)_ they _ the missing child yet.have seenHavefound2.现在完成时常常与表示现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语频度的时间状语连连用用,如如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,three times,on several occasion等等:1)Have you ever been to New York?2)I have never heard Simon say anything against her.3)I _(use)this pen only three t
37、imes.It is still good.4)George _(meet)that gentleman on several occasions.have usedhas met3.现在完成时还往往可以同现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内包括现在时间在内的时间状语的时间状语连用连用,如如now,up to now,up to present,these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,now,just,today,so far,in the last three weeks/months/years等等:1
38、)Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.2)Peter _ six papers so far.3)There _ too much rain in San Francisco this year.has writtenhas been4.短暂性动词的现在完成时不能与延续性时间状语连用.1)Tom _ the CD player for two weeks.A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had 2)The Green family _ Lo
39、ndon for nearly two years.They all miss their hometown very much.A.left B.have been away form C.am not enjoying D.will leave 3)-How long have Mr.Wang and his wife _?-Its been 10 years since they _.A.married;married B.married;were married C.been married;got married D.got married;were married IV.the p
40、resent perfect continuous tense 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，并且有可能还要继续下去。并且有可能还要继续下去。Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years.中国造纸的历史已有中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。多年了。Doctors _ that question for many years.多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。The children _ TV all morning.孩子们一上午一直在看电
41、视。孩子们一上午一直在看电视。have been researchinghave bee watching1.现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示已经产生结果，而后者表示即将表示已经产生结果，而后者表示即将产生结果。产生结果。We have been cleaning the classroom.We have cleaned the classroom.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别还没有最后结果已经有结果2.现在完成进行时一般有延续性、未完成性，现在完成进行时一
42、般有延续性、未完成性，没有时间状语的现在完成时没有这些含义。没有时间状语的现在完成时没有这些含义。They have been widening the road.They have widened the road.3.现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性在完成时则常常不带重复性Have you been meeting her lately？Have you met her lately？尚未完成尚未完成,还没有最后结果还没有最后结果已经完成已经完成,已有最后结果已有最后结果可表示近期内一次性动作可表示近期内一次性动作近期内重复动
43、作近期内重复动作4.现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩。感情色彩。I have been wanting to meet you for long.I have long wanted to meet you.（a）句比（）句比（b）句更亲切，感情色彩强烈。）句更亲切，感情色彩强烈。-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room
44、all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted I_ tired,but happy today.I _ my play since January,and now I _ for actors to perform in it.It _ exciting to think of them saying the words I_ for months.I have already found one enthusiastic actor who _ super.amhave been writingam l
45、ookingisimaginingisCheck the answers(Part A P 9):have beenHe _a film right now,but _ to be in a play for many years.I _several advertisements for my play.We _them next week.Tickets _ on sale next week.Writing _ tough work,but I _ it will all be worthwhile,and I will be famous when the play _.is maki
46、nghas been planninghave designedare printingare goingishopeopensPart B P 9 I _ at the comedy Club tonight.am performing2 I _ my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.have been practising3 My family _ to watch my show.is coming4 I _ nervous about the show.am词语辨析词语辨析worth,worthy 和和 wor
47、thwhile作形容词时，作形容词时，都有都有“值得的，有价值的，有意义的值得的，有价值的，有意义的”等等意思，但它们的用法和搭配不同。意思，但它们的用法和搭配不同。worth只能作表语，后常接名词或只能作表语，后常接名词或V-ing形式形式(有被动含义有被动含义)。如：。如：The used car is still worth$2,000.这辆二手车依然值这辆二手车依然值2000美元。美元。Is the exhibition worth a visit/visiting?这个展览值得去参观吗这个展览值得去参观吗?worthy可以作表语和定语。用作表语可以作表语和定语。用作表语时，后常接时，
48、后常接of sth.或动词不定式。或动词不定式。Lianyungang is worthy of a visit/to be visited.连云港值得去看一看。连云港值得去看一看。He said he was not worthy to accept such an honor.他说他不应该接受这种荣誉。他说他不应该接受这种荣誉。The school has graduated many worthy young people.这所学校培养了许多优秀这所学校培养了许多优秀的年轻人。的年轻人。worthwhile可以作定语和表语。用作可以作定语和表语。用作表语时，后接表语时，后接V-ing形式
49、或动词不定式。形式或动词不定式。如如:Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.谢谢你提出的很好的建议。谢谢你提出的很好的建议。Hangzhou is a beautiful place.It is worthwhile going/to go there.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。1.She considers teaching a _ career.2.The time and expense involved in keeping up to date with all the changes has been_.
50、3.I think this matter is _ our attention.4.The National Museum is _ of a visit.5.Theres nothing _ reading in this newspaper.6.It is _ to read the film again.worthwhile/worthyworthwhileworth/worthy ofworthyworthworthwhile1.I have already found one enthusiastic actor who is super.我已经找到了一个非我已经找到了一个非常优秀
