1、calendar n.历法，日历阳历solar calendar阴历 lunar calendarwall calendar挂历台历 desk calendar电子日历 electric calendarhistorian n.历史学家historic adj.有历史意义的-This is a historic speech.historical adj.与历史研究有关系的historical research 历史研究unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二（本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受quite,nearly,surely,really，不能接受rather,very等词的
2、修饰）-I am quite unique person.【辨】1）special adj.注重性质特殊special gift 特别的礼物2）especial adj.强调超过其它全部-This is a matter of especial importance.=This is a especially important matter.3）particular adj.特定的-Pineapples have particular flavor.steadily adv.不断地-He always study steadily.steady adj.稳固的steady on 小心！别急！
3、keep her steady 把定，航向不变，照直走（用在航海中）solely adv.唯一地sole adj.单独的，唯一的-他唯一的谋生之道就是务农。-Farming is his sole livelihood.video n.录像，视频 adj.视频的video camera 摄像机videotape 录像带videophone 可视电话video conference 视频会议audio adj.音频的，声音的CD-ROM n.(只读）光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read-Only Memory）CD n.激光唱片，光碟机（Compact Disc）bewilder v.
4、令人眼花缭乱（confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time）-She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.bewilderment n.in bewilderment 茫然不知所措【辨】1）puzzle（某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解令人费解，既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态。）-I am puzzled by the problem.2）perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）,多用于被动语态。-He is perplexed for
5、the answer.deduce v.（determine or decide sth by given fact）推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）-I deduce the conclusion from the given facts.(deducefrom 从推断)deduction n.演绎deductive adj.推论的，演绎的同：infer v.推断（不表示过程,也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）-What can you infer from the text?scanty a.（too few,not enough）不足的，贫乏的scanty knowledge一知半
6、解a scanty crop歉收be scanty of sth奇缺/be short of 短缺-The village school is scanty of text books.同：be want of 需要 in need of 需要clue n.线索某事的线索clue to sth.-Can you tell me the clue to what happened?提供线索 offer a cluea vital clue 重要的线索news clue 新闻线索writing clue 写作线索insignificant adj.不重要的significant 重要的=impor
7、tant 重要的（unimportant）shed v.使流出，泻;发散，脱落流血 shed blood bloodshed杀戮流泪 shed tearswatershed 分水岭，转折点shed light on 启发.启迪-My teacher shed light on this problem.advent（coming or arrival）出现，到来，来临（经常与the 搭配，指节气，重要事情的到来，来临。）在冬天到来的时候at the advent of winter自从的到来 since the advent of agriculture n.农业工业 industry重工业
8、heavy industry轻工业 light industry服务业 service industry sunrise industry 朝阳产业商业 business/trade/commerceassumption n.假定，设想-The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.assume v.假定，认为；承担-I assumed you can speak French fluently.-I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.dot n.小圆点on
9、the dot 准时地（=punctually）-他很守时，总是按时到。-Hes very punctual and always arrives on the dot.symbol n.符号，象征symbol for 代表.的符号status symbol 身份象征symbol of .的象征-圣诞树可能是最为人们所熟知的圣诞节的象征。-The Christmas tree is perhaps the most recognizable symbol of the holiday.symbolic adj.符号的，象征的symbolize v.用符号表示，象征engrave v.雕刻，使铭
10、记engrave.on 在.雕刻.engrave with sth.雕刻上.-She got a ring which was engraved with her name.ivory n.象牙制品象牙塔 ivory tower ivory carving象牙雕刻artificial ivory人造象牙correlate v.使相互联系与.相关、关联correlate with/to-贫穷也许与寿命短有关。-Poverty may correlate with a shorter life expectancy.relate 与.有联系（relate with）phase n.月相，天相；阶段
11、，时期in phase 按阶段地-我们会按阶段地学习新概念英语。-We will study NCE in phase.混：phraseprimitive adj.原始的；粗糙的，简陋的原始社会 primitive society原始文明 primitive culture原始人 primitive people（原始民族）-The conditions are primitive by any standards.-这些条件以任何标准衡量都是简陋的。depict v.描绘，描画（=describe）depict.as 把.描绘成-The writer depicted a soldier a
12、s a herodepiction n.描写，叙述词根pict相当于paint:picture 照片 pictograph 象形文字Text：(L3)Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times.They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.(L3)select v.选择 adj.精选
13、的；优等的；第一流的Select from-We will select three candidates from so many people.The selected入围，被选上Select peaches 上等的桃子Selective adj.选择的Selection n.（L3）mass n.团；块；众多；群众，民众adj.大量的A mass of 大量的A mass of hot air 一团热空气Mass media大众传媒 mass culture 大众文化Massive adj.巨大的Text：（L4）What is more they will not have to re
14、ly solely on the written word.rely on=Depend on=count onText：（L5）Films,gramophone records,and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount of information.They will be able,as it were,to see and hear us in action.Text：（L5）But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is a
15、lways faced with a difficult task.He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.Text：（L8）Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.shed light on=reveal=cast light on/throw light onText：（L10）Up to now,historians have assumed that ca
16、lendars came into being with the advent of agriculture,for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.（L10）come into being=come into existence“come into”come into power上台，当权 come into us
17、e开始使用 Text：（L13）Historians have long been puzzled by dots,lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls,bones,and the ivory tusk of mammoths.（L13）puzzle v.使迷惑；使苦思；n.智力测验；谜；难题，令人费解的事或人对迷惑不解be ed about 苦思puzzle overpuzzle out苦苦思索而弄清楚jigsaw puzzle拼图玩具crossword puzzle填字游戏（纵横字谜）Text：（L14）The nomads
18、 who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age,which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended about 10,000 B.C.By correlating markings made in various parts of the world,historians have been able to read this difficult code.Text：（L16）They have found that it is connected with t
19、he passage of days and the phases of the moon.It is,in fact,a,primitive type of calendar.It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.Text：（L19）They had a definite meaning,for they were as near as early man could get to writing.It is
20、possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them.（L21）accompany v.陪伴，陪同；和一起发生；为伴奏，伴唱 a guest with/by-I must ask you to with me to my house.-I was ied by her.-Lightning usually accompanies thunder.-闪电通常伴有雷声。Accompanying adj.陪伴的，伴随的Accom
21、panist n.伴奏者Text：（L21）It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的
22、不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图
23、景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。8、（L6-7）They will be able,as it were,to see and hear us in action.方式状语从句1）定义：是说明主句动作方式的状语从句关联词：as,like,as if,as though,the way,how-(Lesson40)The workmen told him to do as he pleased.-You talk just
24、like your father does.-She is doing the work the way I like it done.-她按我喜欢的方式在做这项工作。2）as 引导的方式状从和as 引导的定语从句易混淆，区别是，前者在从句中不充当任何成分，而后者相反，通常做主、宾或表语。-正如我们所知道的那样，电话是贝尔的发明。-The telephone,as we know it,was the invention of Bell.（方式状从作插入语）-The telephone,as we know,was the invention of Bell.（定从作插入语，先行词是整句话，as做从句的宾语）
