1、第14课 明朝的统治,背景： 时间： 人物： 都城：,一、明朝的建立,元朝末年，政治十分腐败，各级官吏竭力搜刮民财，导致社会动荡，民不聊生。,朱元璋（明太祖）,1368年,应天府（今江苏南京）,1.明朝建立,1368年秋，明军攻占元大都，结束了元朝的统治。,2.元朝灭亡,相关史事：,朱元璋出身贫苦，17岁时父母双亡，他被迫到寺院里当了和尚，不久以行童游食于淮西一带。后来他参加了反元起义军，由于英勇善战和足智多谋，被推为领袖。他采取“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的策略，逐步发展壮大，最终统一全国。,朱元璋像,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
3、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
4、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,明朝疆域图（1433年）,小琉球：今台湾。 奴儿干都司：管辖范围包括今黑龙江、乌苏里江、松花江流域等地和库页岛，治所在今黑龙江下游右岸的特林。,二、朱元璋强化皇权,（1）在地方，朱元璋取消行中书省，设立“三司”。朱元璋分封诸子为王，驻守各地，监控地方，巩固皇室。,1.强化皇权的措施：,（2）在中央，朱元璋废除丞相制度和中书省，提升六部职权，并使六部直接向皇帝负责。将大都督府分为五军都督府以分散兵权，将军队调动和武官任命的权力统归兵部。 （3）朱元璋设立锦衣卫，明成祖成立东厂，“厂卫”机构成为皇帝的耳目和爪牙。,地方和中央的各个部门，既互不统属，又互相牵制，各自直接向
5、皇帝负责，这样就使皇权高度集中，君主专制大为加强。,2.意义：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
6、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
7、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,皇权的加强，在一定时期、一定程度上巩固了明王朝的统治，创造了比较安定的政治局面，加强了多民族国家的统一，但也给明朝的统治埋下了隐患。明朝是君主专制空前强化的一个时期，而君主专制的强化又是中国封建社会逐步走向衰落在政治上的表现。,如何评价明太祖加强皇权的举动？,思考探究：,三、科举考试的变化,1.内容：,明朝提倡尊孔崇儒。明朝考试的题目必须来自“四书”“五经”；考生对题目的解释，必须以朱熹的四书集注为标准，不准自己
8、随意发挥。,2.文体：,答卷由八个部分组成，其中后四个部分为主体，每部分要有两股对仗的文字，因此称为“八股文”。,3.局限性：,八股文内容空疏，形式呆板，又脱离实际，禁锢思想。应试的人为了能够被录取，只有死读“四书”“五经”，成为皇帝旨意的顺从者。,四、经济的发展,农业：,明代引进了原产于南美洲的玉米、甘薯、马铃薯、花生和向日葵等。,北京和南京是全国性的商贸城市，还出现了数十座较大的商业城市。有名的商帮有山西的晋商和安徽的徽商。,商业：,手工业：,苏州是明代的丝织业中心，景德镇是全国的制瓷中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
9、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
11、元成才路,状元成才路,朱元璋,1368年称帝建立明朝,强化皇权,取消行中书省，设立“三司”,分封诸子，监控地方,废除丞相制度和中书省,提升六部职权，直接向皇帝负责,分散兵权,设立“厂卫”机构监视官民,科举考试变化,考题来自“四书”“五经”,“八股文”,经济的发展,农业：引进南美洲农作物,手工业：苏州为丝织业中心；景德镇为制瓷中心,商业：全国性商贸城市有北京和南京，商帮有晋商和徽商,课堂小结,地方,中央,1.（江苏泰州）如图是某朝代政府的改制图，据 此判断该朝代是（ ）。,A.秦朝 B.西汉 C.唐朝 D.明朝,D,随堂练习,2.（2018湖南邵阳中考）将分封制、 郡县制、厂卫制、科举制等中国 古代政治制度按产生的时间先后顺序排 列，正确的是（ ） A. B. C. D. ,A,
