1、 夏纪梅（教授）中山大学外语教学中心 angelaxjm163 13642674506 大学是什么？什么是高等教育？大学是什么？什么是高等教育？当大学生意味着什么？当大学生意味着什么？06级管理级管理/软件三级起点班课程结束软件三级起点班课程结束 Campus Life:Which do you prefer?What are they doing?What can we do?Why is he doing so?Would you like to take part in the extra-curriculum activities?Updated and upgradedWhyWhat
2、howLearn moreLearn wellLearn efficientlyLearn effectivelyTraditional approach Modern approachTeacher:Learner:Classroom:Out of class:(in a group of four,try to work out the points and collect the ideas,then present/share them in class)Traditional ModernTeacher-centred vs learner-centredInstruction/te
3、xt-based vs task-basedLanguage knowledge focused vs skill focusedPaper test vs performance testMark-minded vs ability developedIndividual learning vs cooperative learning Spoon-feeding by teacher vs autonomous learning“Classroomese”exercises vs real-world like practice “Book worm”vs human resources/
4、talents approach 6 whats What is“college/university”?What is“college/university student”?What is“English”?What is“College English”?What is“learning”?What is“Task-based Learning”?at the college/tertiary level:Objectives,Contents,Methods,RequirementsAssessment,CriteriaSip:drink slowly,taking very smal
5、l mouthfuls 慢慢品尝Gargle:wash your mouth 漱漱口“Luck and preparation are always together.”“Luck favours those who are prepared.”Learn to know knowledge Learn to do skill/ability Learn to live together attitude/strategies Learn to be quality learn to know:Knowledge:linguistic,cultural(Chinese and Western,
6、English-speaking countries,cross-cultural communication),common knowledge on science and arts,etc.learn to do:Skills/methods,capabilities:learn to learn.learn to do things(writing,presenting,debating,questioning,arguing,organizing,dealing with problems,coping relationships,handling matters,etc.to de
7、velop your capabilities,personal and interpersonal,academic and social learn to live together:Attitude:team spirit,learn cooperatively,complete tasks/projects learn to be:Quality:Well-educated and cultivated human being,qualified human resources,talents Higher-educated human resources Highly-qualifi
8、ed Human being:intellectual being,thinking being,emotional being,intelligent being,creative being,productive being,social being,cultural being,global being,valuable being Students who want to,have to,are able to use the international language effectively for future international communication in the
9、 work place or academic field EnglishlanguagevarietiestoolbehaviorskillLearning purposesmeansCulture&culturesBACKCommon/popular languageInternational languageNative languageFirst languageSecond languageMother tongueForeign languageOfficial languageComputer languageWidely-used languageInfluential lan
10、guageCosmopolitan languageUniversal/global languageBusiness languageScientific languageBut what is language?-Code system,linguistic rules-tool,communicative abilitiesEnglish as a ToolcommunicationBridging gapsinternetE-mailLearning/studyingHow to make the tool usable/workable?It is a matter of“use”i
11、nstead of“usage”!English as SkillsListening skillSpeaking skillReading skillWriting skillTranslating skillServing skillHow to learn/command/develop skills?It is a matter of“can”instead of“know”!English as MeansConvey thoughtsExpress feelingFind good jobsStudy abroadSurvive in the“global village”Comp
12、ete with rivalsPay attention to its functions and your performance!English as Culture&CulturesliteraturehistoryreligionbeliefsattitudesvaluesconceptscourtesymannerscustomsInternational communication is cross-cultural communication!The target language culture and the speakers cultural background!Engl
13、ish as BehavioreducationcultivationimagemannersprofitProper behavior,spoken or written,can help winning the business.Inappropriate behavior can result in losing the business.Varieties of EnglishStandard/RP(received pronunciation)/BBC/Oxford/Royal EnglishScottish,American,Australian Englishformalslan
14、gwrittenFour-letter wordtaboojargonColonial,Indian,Malaysia EnglishinformalspokeneuphemismJapanese English,China EnglishDont just learn textbook English,classroom English and Chinese English!EGP:English for General PurposesESP:English for Specific/Special PurposesEEP:English for Educational purposes
15、EAP:English for Academic PurposesEBP:English for Business PurposesEOP:English for Occupational PurposesEST:English for Science and TechnologyEMP:English for Medical PurposesEP:Dont learn English just for examination purposes!Objectives:To develop yourselves as modern human resources with cross-cultu
16、ral communication knowledge and capabilities that the global world needs To receive higher education through language learning To operationally command English as a tool for international communication 语言知识语言知识 语言应用语言应用语言策略语言策略linguisticSocio-linguistic strategicprimarysecondarytertiaryPreliminaryIn
17、termediateadvancedEducationallylinguistically MAJOR AREAS OFENGLISH LESSONSlinguistic&cultural knowledgelanguage skillslearning methodssocial strategies&working abilitiesknowledgeskillabilitymethodlinguistic&cultural knowledgepronunciationgrammarstylistics word buildingcultureknowlanguage skillslist
18、eningspeakingreadingwritingtranslatingcanlearning methods find information use dictionaryProcessknowledgedeductioninductiondeal with gapslearn by using/doingcansocial strategies&working abilitiesnegotiatingpersuadingarguingdefendingcooperating dealing with relationshipsolving problemscanpersonal cap
19、abilities:be ready to accept responsibility for their own lifelong development,set realizable personal goals and career plans,possess the learning and communication skillsinterpersonal capabilities:share ideas,opinions and experiences with others,work in a team,use oral and written methods to commun
20、icate effectively in the work placevocational capabilities:deal with relationship,handle matters,solve problems,fulfil tasks,respond to challenges,etc.人才职场能力发展人才职场能力发展Information technology capabilities:make confident use of computer-based systems for handling textual,graphical and numerical informa
21、tion appropriate to the nature of the work they are likely to pursueInnovative and problem solving capabilities:apply their transferable skills to the execution of individual and group projects,demonstrate creativity,flexibility,perception,decisiveness,confidence and an awareness of values(Coventry
22、University 2019:capabilities to be developed for talents)人才职场能力发展人才职场能力发展CLASSROOM LESSONS grammar SOCIETY LESSONS situationsfunctionstopicsneedsLESSONS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENTcommunicativecreativeinitiativeproductivecapablecompetentup-graded up-datedcooperativeresponsible integritedcultivatedeffici
23、entindependentconscientious Expanding the Classroom/Getting Away from“Classroomese”skillsvocabularyculturetransferableflexiblesmart intakeinputoutputnoticeA Complete Language Learning ProcessOutside-forced inputSelf-driven inputPurposeful inputMotivated/effective inputLack,need,want,mustCollege Engl
24、ishSTUDENTCommunicatorParticipant“fisherman”“athlete”“practitioner”“human resources”Audience“receptacle”OnlookerFish buyer“scholar”Active learningPassive learningTeacher-centredSpoon-feedingStudent-centredAutonomous learning Changes of ELTAnalyze grammarInput-amountTeaching-basedKnowledge-basedknowT
25、ext-basedProduct-orientedTeaching assignmentsdeductionScore-mindedinductionAbility-targetedLearning assignmentsProcess-orientedTask-basedLearn“usage”Learn to communicateLearn to l,s,r,wcanSkill-basedOutput-amountLearning-basedUse grammarLearn“use”Communicate to learnL,s,r,w to learnTraditional appro
26、achModern approach Placement tests(at the beginning)Achievement tests(at the end of a term)Proficiency tests(CET-4,CET-6)ESP certificate tests(BEC,PET,etc.)International entrance exams(IELTS,TOEFL,GRE,etc.)Job recruitment tests/interviews by international enterprises(P&G,Motorola,etc.)o Authenticity
27、o Discourseo Exchange of informationo Skills integrationo learning by doing Principles:learn by doing,by finishing real-world tasks,by working cooperatively in a team,by demonstrating knowledge,skills,creativity and productivity Criteria:Preparation 30%,Participation 30%,Performance 30%,Reflection 1
28、0%End Products:Theme-based,Multi-media,ppt course ware,team work20-30 presentation and interactionTell me and I forget.Teach me and I remember.Involve me and I learn.-Benjamin Franklin from New Directions(Peter S.Gardner)2019 CUP Learners are an important resource for their own collective learning,a
29、nd this resource can be accessed through collaboration,cooperation and experiential learning.from Designing Tasks for Communicative Classroom(David Nunan)CUP 1989forcedstimulatedmotivatedactivatedoutputnoticelackedwantedneededmustencouragedinputPurposefulAuthenticReadingListeningMulti-sourcedCollege
30、 English Learning ModelThe Process of a Task:Form a team,choose a topic Trade ideas,divide jobs Search,select and sequence the information Design the initial courseware and class activities Make appointment with Prof./TA Revise the product Present the end-product/organize activities Receive comment
31、and evaluation Earn credits and make reflections “Task”means all kinds of things in the work place or in the real world that people have to do/deal with/handle/sort out with a language and its related abilities such as planning,organizing,thinking,negotiation,persuasion,explanation,argumentation,def
32、ense,evaluation,comment,comparison,decision making,solving problems,etc.Interactive EnglishFulfilling Tasks needs:involvementengagement team-work spiritnegotiationSolving problems,dealing with relationship,real-world/work-place practicecouragecooperationSkills,capabilities,strategies,creativity,orig
33、inalityTBL Observation sheetBy both the teacher and the students Formative assessmentProcess-oriented developmentStudents Reflection and Feedback3 W:Why,What,How R:Review,Recall,ReflectForms:Questionnaire,“can do statements”self evaluation checklist,wordFormer students feedback,comments,notes(05,06,
34、07)Review RecallReflectThe objectives of the course you understand The contents you go overThe methods you applyWhat you didWhat you learntWhat you developed Attitude Action Achievements Encouragement Enlightenment Enjoyment Problem/difficulty/frustration/pity/regret feedback sheetthree Rs:Tradition
35、al learning:Traditional learning:Task-based learning:Task-based learning:语言是工具语言是工具:交流、工作、经商、挣钱、谋职、求学、发展交流、工作、经商、挣钱、谋职、求学、发展 “工欲善其事，必先利其器工欲善其事，必先利其器”。“磨刀不误砍柴工磨刀不误砍柴工”。语言的功效：语言的功效：21世纪是信息时代信息时代，信息靠语言传递。21世纪是经济全球化时代经济全球化时代，全球化行为需要全球化语言沟通。（世界500强企业例）21世纪是人才竞争的时代人才竞争的时代，国际人才的必要条件之一是掌握英语。21世纪是跨文化交际时代跨文化交
36、际时代，跨文化交际需要跨国用语/世界普通话。（刘翔在国际赛事上差点吃语言亏例）有人说，WTO是“狼”，那么，“与狼共舞”也要懂得“狼”的语言，要知道“狼”想干什么，要骂人也要让对方听得懂。教学要求变：教学要求变：加强听说能力 教学目标变：教学目标变：发展自主学习能力 教学模式变：教学模式变：课堂人际+网络自主 教学评价变：教学评价变：综合应用能力愿大家明确目标，愿大家明确目标，努力达标！努力达标！祝大家科学地用功，祝大家科学地用功，致力应用！致力应用！大学学习进步，素质全面提高！大学学习进步，素质全面提高！Good Luck!Good Luck!Food for thought:What do you think of the phenomena?（链接“讽刺录像两节”、“音乐动画：大学自习曲”、“舞台闹剧：如此课堂”)Teachers Observation and Comments(samples by XJM)Scanning materials:1)excellent team work 2)excellent but need improved 3)fair work 4)weak/poor work XJMs authentic notebooks
