1、中考英语语法专项复习副词 中考英语对副词考查的频率很高，对副词的考查主要侧重副词用法辨析和比较级、最高级的用法。考生在复习时应注意熟记副词比较级的构成及用法，以及与频率相关的副词及副词短语的用法。对于副词的考察，通常出现在单项选择、完形填空中以及语法填空中。一、副词的分类副词的分类频度副词always，often疑问副词where，how其他also，too否定副词no，not时间副词today，early地点副词here，there程度副词very，much方式副词well，fast思维导图记知识点副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quic
2、kly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only2、 副词在句子中的位置以及作用：副词的位置在动词之前在be动词、助动词之后多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后大多数方式副词
3、位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾思维导图记知识点副词在句子中的位置以及作用：副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一）、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks good English. 副词的排列顺序时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等
4、连词连接多个不同副词排列程度+地点+方式+时间副词副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可二）.副词的排列顺序：思维导图记知识点1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully. 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。4） 副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。5） 副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。如：I dont know hi
5、m well enough. 副词作句子成分作状语作表语作定语作宾语补足语3） .副词作句子成分思维导图记知识点作状语：时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到回家的路)频度副词：
6、一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早) The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly w
7、alk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了) He walked out quiet
8、ly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪以至我不能相信我的耳朵) She got to the
9、 station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？) Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？) How do you do?(你好！) 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。如：How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那
10、只猫还是个问题) That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事) 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方) Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法) 其它副词：t
11、oo“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there, too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) -Tom doesnt have a
12、computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。) 作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their fest
13、ival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语
14、如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)四）、有关副词的用法和辨析： asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。) Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地
15、赶到了校门口。)注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)They stayed in the cave as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) later、after、ago、before的用法：“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只
16、能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故) Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家) Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？) After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。) above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under. 当above、below、over
17、、under是介词性质时,意义相似。如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中)A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？) He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他
18、不愉快,我也不。) He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。) enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法：enough (“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive
19、.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。) I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果) 注意 very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨) The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了) You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(
20、你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校) I dont like him much.(我不太喜欢他) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里) I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)I will meet your fath
21、er sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。) how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！) already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没
22、有吃早饭呢。) hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰) like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如：I like baseball very mu
23、ch.(我非常喜欢棒球) Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：quite/such/what.+a+形容词+名词;too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子) how
24、的几个短语：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？) How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？) much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词
25、作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这公园比那个漂亮多了) It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影) no more、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer的用法：表示时间,可以用no longer、not
26、.ny more、no.any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not.any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) He didn t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟) 被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如：The runner was badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上
27、英语说得很广泛) too.to.与so.that.的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too.to. (“太.以致不”)是否定的结构,用于简单句；so.that.(“如此以致”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。) 既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near
28、, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久) Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法) He is a very hard(难对付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙) farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外
29、”等意思,此时不能换为farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些) This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论) Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修) rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite
30、更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice如：Its quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)Its rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)注意注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。 maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,
31、在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边) I couldnt possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)(21) most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词
32、时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”；mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别：wor
33、th一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做).The house is worth ￥300,000.(房子价值30万元) This book is well worth reading several times.(这本书值得好好读几遍) It is a thing worthy of being seen.(这是一个值得看的东西) (23)almost
34、、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么) We are almost/nearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了)Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)(24) a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互
35、换,语气比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵) It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有点感冒)Go and get a little water for me, please.(请你去给我搞点水来) 注意 not a bit(=not
36、at all)意为“根本不”,而 not a little则意为“非常,不是一点”。三、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的
37、,更糟糕地；worst最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 副词原级 +.如： They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词
38、+ as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如：Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+ as/so + 形容词/副词原级+as+ 第二个人物+.如： Lily did not ride her bike so as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) (2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/
39、still)+/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A)+ 谓语动词+ less+(多音节副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +.如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(
40、3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)考点一：副词在句子中的位置以及作用典例1：（2016天津）-Could you tell me youll go to Paris？-Next monthAwhy Bwhere Cwhen Dhow【解析】 根据C
41、ould you tell me 可知后面跟的是宾语从句，空处缺少引导词；再根据答语Next month可知上句询问的是时间，应该用特殊疑问词when作为引导词，此句是指你能告诉我你什么时候去巴黎吗？符合句意及用法故选C【答案】C举一反三1、（2016东营）-Your son used to be a homebody but he now likes outdoor activitiesHow did you do that？-I tried many ways over and over again_，I made itANext BThen CFinally DSuddenly2、（20
42、16齐齐哈尔）He solved the problem from othersAwas different Bdifferently Cdifferent 3、（2016东营）Shanghai Disney Park will be opened on June 16But the tickets for the first day have _ sold outAever Bjust Cnever Dalready4、2016绵阳）Driving in the mountains can be very dangerousYou cant be _carefulAso Bvery Cmuc
43、h Dtoo5、（2016黑龙江）The temperature in June is still low_ bad the weather is!AWhat BHow CWhat a6、（2016湖北）-_ are the students in your class？-Most of them are only fourteenAHow long BHow old CHow many DHow often考点二：副词的原级、比较级和最高级典例1：（2016济宁）In order to pass the exam，You need to work much _nowAhard Bharder
44、 Chardest Dhardly【解析】根据In order to pass the exam，You need to work much _now可知，为了通过考试，你现在需要学习更加努力，这是现在和过去之间的比较，应该用比较级形式；又根据much+形容词或副词的比较级，表示更，此处应该是副词hard比较级形式harder修饰动词短语work，此处意思是学习更努力【答案】B举一反三1、（2016永州）-Which subject do you like _，English or math？-Of course，EnglishAwell Bbetter Cbest2、（2016咸宁）-Sar
45、ah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show-Great! No one speaks English_ her Aas beautiful as Bas badly as Cworse than Dbetter than3、（2016铜仁市）-His handwriting is very careful-YeahWith the help of him，his sister writes as _ as himAcare Bcareful Cmore carefully Dcarefully4、（2016鄂州）-Did John get Nu
46、mber 1 in the math exam？-Yes，no one did so_ as himAgood Bwell Cbetter Dbest5、（2016毕节市）Bob sings in our classAbetter Bbest Cgood Dwell6、（2016江西）I didnt do very well in this examUnluckily，he did it Aworse Bbadly Cbetter Dworst7、 （2016宁夏）Which do you like _，tea or coffee？Awell Bbetter Cbest Dmost考点三：副词辨析典例1：24、（2016青岛）_，we saw the sun rise on top of Mount TaiALu
