1、中考英语语法专项复习 宾语从句 宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：语序、时态和连接词。思维导图记知识点一、宾语从句的定义由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。宾语从句二、宾语从句用法【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不
2、同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whether引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序三、宾语从句的引导词 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。连词th
3、at只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常省略。He knew (that) he should work hard.2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，If和whether起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。如： I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifb. 引导词与动词不定
4、式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.3宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。四、宾语从句的语序 1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他”。 特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如： I want to know when the train
5、 left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。 注意：有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：Whats wrong with.?Which is the way to.?What happened to you.?Whats the matter/trouble.?Who studies the hardest in your class? do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？2.由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时
6、，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。3.如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. She asked me if(whether
7、) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。六、宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。Please tell us where he is.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。The teach
8、er told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况： 主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。 主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如： She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。 从句表示的是客观真
9、理、普遍真理、自然现象时科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。七、宾语从句的否定前移 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。 【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如： She think
10、s she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。八、宾语从句和状语从句的区分1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2) I dont know if the train has arrived.句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法：1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后
11、。2. 从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化
12、。如：(一主二宾三不变) “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do yo
13、u know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?九、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句
14、可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，se
15、e，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.考点一：考查连接词的用法典例1:Wed like to know _ or not.（2004年山东潍坊）A.whether will the sports meeting comeB.if will the sports meeting comeC.whether the sports
16、 meeting will comeD.if the sports meeting will come【解析】题干中出现了or not，所以连接宾语从句的引导词要用whether，故选C项。【答案】C举一反三1.Im waiting for the mail.Do you know _ it will arrive?Usually it comes by 4：00 pm.(2015，青岛) Ahow BwhereCwhenDwhat 2. Do you know _ Dengchao is?He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular
17、reality TV show Running Man now.(2015，连云港) Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dhow 考点二:语序典例2:- Excuse me，could you tell me _？Certainly.Its over there along the street on the left.（2005年吉林）A.here the Peoples Park isB.where is the Peoples ParkC.the Peoples Park is whereD.the Peoples Park where is 【解析】宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序，故选
18、A项。 【答案】A举一反三1.【2016山东泰安】 Excuse me, could you tell me where _? Sure, sir. You can try . A. can I join in the group-buying B. did I join in the group-buying C. I can join in the group-buying D. I joined in the group-buying 2.【2015四川南充】 Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. where you live C. yo
19、u live where 考点三:时态典例3:Do you know _ this time yesterday？ （2005年黑龙江）A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking C.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking【解析】由时间状语this time yesterday可知，宾语从句应用过去进行时态，故选C项。【答案】C举一反三1.Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.Thanks.I wonder _.Awho the letter was from Bwho w
20、as from the letterCwho was the letter from Dwho from the letter was 2.Can you tell me _ this morning?Sorry，Ive no idea.Awhy didnt Daming come to school Bwhy Daming didnt come to schoolCwhy doesnt Daming come to school Dwhy Daming doesnt come to school 3. Could you tell me _ the Space Museum?Sure，nex
21、t Monday.Awhen we visited Bwhen did we visit Cwhen we will visit Dwhen will we visit 4.Can you tell me _ the prize，Tom?Last year.Awhen you got Bwhen did you getCwhen will you get Dwhen you will get 1. (2017江苏南通14)There will be a concert this evening. But I dont know_.By underground. It takes less ti
22、me.A. where it will be held B. how can I go C. where will it be held D. how I can go2. (2017江苏连云港 14)Do you know _ The Belt and Road Forum(“一带一路”高峰论坛) began?On May 14th,2017.A. that B. when C. if D. where3. (2017江苏苏州 5)Mom，have you seen my toy bear? I dont know _ I have left it.A. why B. when C. how
23、 D. where4. (2017江苏泰州15)Could you please tell me _ “The Reader”，a TV programme hosted by Dong Qing?Well，it is fun and teaches us a lot of knowledge.A. how do people like B. how people liked C. why do many people like D. why many people like5. (2017江苏宿迁15)Helen，could you tell me _ living in the count
24、ryside?Perhaps next weekend.A. why you will visit our granny B. when will you visit your grannyC. when you will visit your granny D. why will you visit your granny6. (2017江苏盐城 13)Today is Fathers Day，Im thinking about _.A. what present I gave my father B. if I planned a party for my fatherC. how I c
25、an give my father a surprise D. where will my father and I have a big meal7. (2017江苏扬州 14)Excuse me，could you tell me _？Well，theres one on your left.A. when the bank opens B. where the bank isC. how far is the bank D. how can I get to the bank8. (2017北京 30)Judy，could you tell me _ the schoolbag?Oh，y
26、es. I bought it in a store on the Internet.A. where did you buy B. where will you buy C. where you bought D. where you will buy9. (2017重庆B卷38)I cant see_ on the blackboard. May I borrow your notebook?Sure. Here you are.A. what our teacher wrote B. what did our teacher writeC. why our teacher wrote D
27、. how did our teacher write10. (2017无锡6)Ive just received a WeChat message“ttyl”. Do you know _？It stands for “talk to you later”A. how does it mean B. how it means C. what does it mean D. what it means11. (2017江苏徐州 7)We havent decided yet _ we will place our new furniture.A. where B. what C. why D.
28、 which12. (2017江苏淮安 13)Have you decided _ this summer holiday?Yes. To Paris.A. where do you go B. where you go C. where will you go D. where you will go13. (2017湖北黄冈39)Summer vacation is coming! Could you tell me _？Xian. I really want to visit the Terracotta Army.A. where are you going B. what are y
29、ou doing C.where you are going D. what you are doing14. (2017湖北黄石40)Excuse me，could you tell me _ to the nearest bank?Go straight. Its across from the park.A. how can I get B. how I can get C. when can I get D. when I can get15. (2017江苏镇江15)How is your May Day holiday，John?Not bad. You seem so happy
30、. Could you tell me _？A. what place you have been to B. if you visit your grandparentsC. who did you spend the holiday with D. that you watched a football matchKey:1-5:DBDDC 6-10:CBCAD 11-15:ADCBA1.I hear my parents back in three days.A.comes B.will come C.come D.coming2.Would you like to know they
31、will do it or not?A.if B.that C.whether D.why3. When H7N9 bird flu first appeared, people didnt know _ doctors could cure it.A. if B. that C. what D. why4.How soon will you start your journey?Im not sure. I havent decided . A. when shall I ask the boss for leave B. where I will go to spend the holidayC. whether I would go by train or by plane D. who could invite me to go5.Could you tell me _ yesterday?Because my bike was broken on my way here. A. why you came late B. why do you come lateC. why you come late D. why did you come lateKey:BCABA8
