1、倒装倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。 1. 完全倒装1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。 例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。） 2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成有的含义，构成完全倒装句。 There appeared to be a man in blac
2、k in the distance. 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
3、Out he rushed. 注意： 1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。 例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。） Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。） 2. 部分倒装1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dream
4、t about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活） 2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。） In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化） 3) 以否定副词
5、开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely when, never, no sooner than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. 4）一些如scarcelywhen, no sooner than, hardlywhen引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语
6、之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。 5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意： 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：
7、例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。） 3. so, neither, nor倒装除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。 a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句： He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) neither和nor
8、共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为： 1) 完全倒装时：表示也不，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。 例：You dont know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。） c) so /such that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分： 例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. 典型例题 1) Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meetin
9、g-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2） Not until the early yea
10、rs of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 1.-Lets hurry. Listen!There_. _Oh,yes.Has the teacher
11、 come yet? -Look! Here_. A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he 二，含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。 A具有否定意义的副词放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few 2.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in my life_ so happy!(2000,s
12、pring) A did I feel B I feel C I had felt D had I felt 3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_with each other.(2003) A they had quarreled B they have quarreled C have they quarreled D had they quarreled B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not onlybut also., neither.nor., no soonerthan., scarely.t
13、han.,Hardly.when., not until. 4.Not until all the fish died in the river_how serious pollution was.(95) A did the villagers realize B the villagers realized C the villagers did realize D didnt the villagers realize 5.Not only_interested in football but_ beginning to show an interest in it. A the tea
14、cher himself is, all his students are B the teacher himself is, are all his students C is the teacher himself, are all his students D is the teacher himself,all his students are *not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. Neither.nor.两部分都倒装。 C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means, In n
15、o time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances. On no account must you accept any money against your conscience. 三，only状语，部分到装 6.Only in this way_to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang) A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope 7. _can you expect to get a
16、pay rise.(2001) A With hard work B Although work hard C Only with hard work D Now that he works hard 四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列： 肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致 否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语 8.-David has made great progress recently. -_, and_.(1997) A So he has, so you have B So he has, so have you C So has
17、 he , so have you D So has he ,so you have 9. You forget your purse when you went out. -Good heavens,_.(2002) A so did I B so I did C I did so D I so did 五、so .that., such .that.的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。 12.So difficult_it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn E
18、nglish well.(2001) A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel 练习：1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can
19、you C. you will D. will you 3. If you dont go， neither _. A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. Your father is very strict with you. _. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he5. Never in my life _ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B.
20、have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 6. Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu？ There _. A. comes the bus，is heB. comes the bus，he is C. the bus comes，is he D. the bus comes，he is 7. I like football. I dont like volleyball. _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is i
21、t with me8. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 9. In modem times， girls like beautiful clothes. Yes, _ and . After all, our life has greatly improved. A. so do they， so do you B. so they do， so
22、you do C. so do they， so you do D. so they do， so do you10. You have an English class every day except Sunday. _. A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we 11. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _， so _ mine. A. does， will B. will， does C. will， would D. does， do 12. O
23、nly after I read the text over again _ its main idea. A. that I knew B. did I knew C. 1 could know D. I did know 13. You seem to have learned all the English words by heart. _. A. So l do B. So do l C. So I have D. So have I 14. I seldom watch TV， but listen to the radio a lot. _ . A. So do I B. Nei
24、ther do I C. I m the same D. So it is with me 15. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word. A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he did look 16. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation. A. he wrote B. he was written C. did he write D. was he written 17. Little _ whe
25、n 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know 18. Have you ever seen anything like that before？- _. A. No， I never have seen anything like that before B. No， never I have seen anything like that before C. No， never have 1 seen anything like that
26、before D. No， I have seen anything like that before never 19. You should work less _. A. and neither should I B. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should 20. _ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 21. Not only _ a pro
27、mise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 22. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _. A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt 23. Not once _ their plan. A. did they chan
28、ge B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 24. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？ I dont know, and _ . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 25. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. would C. when
29、D. that 26. This is one of the oldest trees in the world. _ such a big tree. A. Never I have seen B. I havent never seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never27. Nowhere else in the world _ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业， 成衣业）than in Hong Kong. A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find C. a tourist wil
30、l find D. a tourist has found 28. _ succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only we can by working hard D. Only by working hard can we 29. _ that we all went out， lying in the sun.A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weatherC. The weather
31、was so fine was D. So the weather was tine 30. _ a nice man _ that we all believe him. A. So， did he seem B. So， he seemed C. Such， he seemed D. Such， did he seem31. You seem to be an actor. _ . I have played many parts in a lot of films. A. So do IB. So am IC. So I doD. So I am 32. Not only _ worki
32、ng hard， but also _ very polite. A. the boy is， he is B. is the boy， he is C. the boy is， is he D. is the boy， is he 33. I cannot see the picture well from here.- _. A. Neither can t I B. Neither I can C. I cant neither D. Neither can I 34. You ought to have given them some advice- _, but who cared
33、what I asked? A. So ought you B. So 1 ought C. So it was D. So I did 35. So carelessly _ that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. does he drive C. did he drive D. he drove 36. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care 37. Little wonder _ up their hands in dismay. A. have some thrown B. some have thrown C. thrown some have D. have thrown some 38. So little _ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference.A. did they B. do they C. they did D. they did not
