1、从句复习在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意义的不同可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语从句。如果状语从句放在主句前，通常在从句后用逗号隔开。从句的分类从句的引导词例句时间状语从句when/ while/ as（当时），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自从），until（直到才），as soon as（一就）I was doing my homework when he came in.He didnt finish his homework u
2、ntil his father came back yesterday.条件状语从句if（如果）, as long as（只要），unless（除非=ifnot）Ill go to the park if it is fine tomorrow. Unless bad weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.原因状语从句because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）I like English because its very useful.Since everyone is here, lets begin our class.目的状
3、语从句so that（以便，为了）She came to my home so that she could borrow my bike yesterday.结果状语从句so that（结果是）, sothat/ suchthat（如此以至）Its so cold outside that nobody wants to go out.让步状语从句though/ although（尽管；虽然），even if（即使），whatever（无论什么），wherever（无论哪里），whenever（无论何时）等Though they are poor, they are very happy.I
4、 wont mind even if he doesnt come here.比较状语从句than（比），asas（和一样），not as/ soas（不如）He doesnt run so/ as fast as Bill.John is taller than his brother.注意：1状语从句的时态当主句时态是过去时，从句通常要使用过去时的某种形式，即和主句时态要一致。I was driving to the airport when it began to rain.I didnt buy that sweater yesterday because it was very ex
5、pensive.2在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意味时，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。We are going to play football if it doesnt rain this afternoon.Please buy your ticket as soon as you get to the station.sothat与suchthat的区别： 它们词义相同，但结构不同，请对比下面的句型结构 This is such a good film that everyone wants to see it.=This is so good a fi
6、lm that everyone wants to see it. 这是一部很好的影片，大家都想看。These are such good books that we want to read them. 这些书真好，我们都想读。There are so many books in the library that you cant read them all. 这家图书馆有那么多的书，你是看不完的。It is such fine weather that we want to swim. 天气这么好，我们想去游泳。We have so much time that we can finish
7、 the work. 我们有足够的时间，能完成这项工作。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese be
8、fore he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句
9、里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if
10、 it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.S
11、tudy hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原
12、因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so
13、poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is s
14、o big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the cei
15、ling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it
16、.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster tha
17、n John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。
18、区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Alth
19、ough I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like.
20、 Where there is a will, there is a way.二、宾语从句宾语从句概说 宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。在谓语动词，介词和某些形容词等后面都可以接宾语从句。同学们要掌握好宾语从句，主要应该注意以下三个关键：1连接词：根据从句类型而定。2语序：用陈述句语序。3时态：根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。（自然、科学规律及真理可以除外）连接词：引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。He said （that） the fastest way to travel was by plane.if/ whether意
21、为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。Lets see if/ whether we can find out some information about that city.what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中做一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。Please tell me who/ whom we have to see.when（指时间），where（指地点），why（表原因），how（表方式）等连接副词在从句中做状语Do you know where we can stay on the island?He asked me when I wa
22、s going to write a letter to Jim.注意：1主句与从句时态一致的问题：宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现成完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lived in a city four years ago. 我知道四年前他住在城里。He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow. 他说明天要和朋友去游泳。（1）宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么从句中一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过
23、去完成时）。He said that he had seen the film. 他说他曾看过这部电影。She said that she would come. 她说她要来的。We discussed whether we should let him off. 我们商量是否应该放过他这一回。（2）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。My father told me (that) the sun rises in the east. 爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。（真理）He said that Yao Ming is much taller than
24、 him. 他说姚明比他高得多。（事实）2宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序。Where does Jims father work? Do you know? Do you know where Jims father works?3宾语从句的连接（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。They were good doctors. He told us. He told us that they were good doctors.（2）当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用
25、whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。Are you a student? He asks me. He asks me if/ whether I am a student.Does your sister get up early? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?（3）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me?
26、 Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?4否定的转移当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等，而主句的主语又是第一人称时，后接从句的否定词常要前移，即否定主句动词。I dont think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来的。这种前置否定的宾语从句变反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语要与从句一致。We dont think Tom is right, is he?三、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词
27、组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that, who, whom（只做宾语）主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/ that is wearing a red coat?I dont know the girl who/ that/ whom you are waiting
28、 for.that, which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She cant find the pen that/ which I lent to her.The school that/ which we visited is very beautiful.Do you remember the days that/ which we spent together?whose定语人The boy whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. whose定语物The house whose window is open is mine. wh
29、en状语时间I still remember the day when you came here.where状语地点This is the factory where my father works.why状语原因Do you know the reason why he was late?注意：1在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般须跟在先行词之后，如果引导词在从句中用做主语，从句的人称、数必须和先行词一致。（1）The river（主语为先行词）which runs through the city（定语从句）is a beautiful
30、sight.穿过这座城市的那条河流是一道美丽的风景。（2）I dont know the men（宾语为先行词）who are working over there（定语从句）.我不认识正在那边工作的那些人。（3）This is the hospital（表语为先行词）where my aunt works.（定语从句）这就是我姑妈工作的那所医院。2只用that引导的定语从句（1）先行词是不定代词all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few等时。Is there anything (that) you dont know?（2）先行
31、词被all, every, any, no, little, much等修饰时。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.（3）先行词被序数词及形容词最高级修饰时。This is the second book (that) I borrowed from the school library.（4）先行词被the only, the last, the same修饰时。（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who, whom） He is the only person that/ who I know here.
32、（5）当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时。We are talking about the people and the things (that) we have visited in the country.（6）主句以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?3只用which引导的定语从句 （1）引导非限定性定语从句（主句和从句用逗号分开的）时。The meeting, which was held in our school, was a great success.（2）当关系代词
33、之前有介词时。 This is the house in which I was born.关于that和which引导定语从句的用法区别，请记住下面的顺口溜：that, which可互换，下列情况勿照办。 that情况比较多，先来对你说一说：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错。 先行词前有修饰，千万不要用which。要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。练习：1. 宾语从句【2011北京】1. Do you know _ tomorrow? At 8 o'clock.A. when did she come
34、 B. when she cameC. when will she come D. when she will come【2011天津】2. Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us. A. if B. which C. what
35、 D. where【2011广东】3. The teacher asked us _. A. when did I finish my workB. why didnt we tell him about it earlier C. what we were interested inD. where we are going to have our lunch【2011宁夏】4. Bob asked me_ .A.
36、what was she doing B. what is she doingC. what she was doing D. what she is doing【2011重庆】5. We dont know_ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li.A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D. to do whether【2011重庆】6. Th
37、e woman asked the policeman where_.A. the post office is B. the post office wasC. is the post office D. was the post office【2011山西】7. - Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. - You should try to find out _A. whose is the watch B. who is the o
38、wner of the watch C. whom does the watch belong to 【2011山东】8.- What did the teacher say to you just now? - She asked _.A. where did I learn EnglishB. where I learned EnglishB. where do I learn EnglishC. where I learn English【2011广州】9. I cant remember _ I put
39、the book, and I need it for my homework now.A. where B. how C. what D. why【2011江西省】10. I've decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering_ you could go with me.A. if B. when &nbs
40、p; C. that D. where【2011河北省】11. Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder .A. when she will come back B. when she came backC. when will she come back D. when did she come back【2011河南省】12.1 did
41、n't see Laura at the party last night. Do you know_?A. why didn't she come B. what happenedC. when would she arrive D. where she has been【2011连云港】13.Do you know _ World Water Day is?
42、 On March 22nd. A. when B. where C. what D. which【2011连云港】14.Im new here. Could you please tell me _?
43、; Sure. Its over there behind that tower. A. where the youth centre is B. when the library opens C. how far is the amusement park D. how can I get to the underground st
44、ation【2011山东东营】15Do you know_?Yes. At about twelve. I was just about to go to bed. A. when he came back B. when he will come backC. when did you go to bed D. whether he goes to bed late【2011福建泉州】16. Simon, I wonder _.
45、 Last Saturday. when the foreign visitors arrived when did the foreign visitors arrive when the foreign visitors will arrive when will the foreign visitors arrive【2011云南八市】17. Could you please tell me _ in America? On
46、 the fourth Thursday in November. A. when is Thanksgiving Day B. when Thanksgiving Day is C. what we eat on Thanksgiving Day D. when do we eat Thanksgiving Day【2011江苏徐州】18. If you watch
47、 carefully, you can see _ the man does the trick with the cards.A. who B. what C. how D. which【2011广东清远】19. We want to know _to help them.A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do 【2011广西百色】20.Do you think _Xiao Ming can pass
48、 the high school entrance exam or not? Sorry, Ive no idea. A. that B. which C. if D.
49、whether【2011内蒙古包头】21. We dont know _ the meeting will be held soon.A. when B. what C. whether D. since 【2011哈尔滨】22. Excuse me, I want to go to the 21st National Book Expo (世博会). Could you tell me_? Sure. It is at No. 3 Changjiang Road in Harbin.A. where
50、 it is B. where it was C. where is it【2011呼和浩特】23. -Could you tell us how long ? - About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting
51、 will last C. the sports meeting last D. will the sports meeting last【2011四川达州】24. Could you please tell me ? Tomorrow morning. A. how I can get to the post office
52、 B. how long can I keep the bookC. when to leave for Beijing D. where I should take the early bus 【2011四川广元】25.Do you know Beijing with his family？Next week.A. when Mr Zhao will visit B. when will Mr Zhao will visit C. when Mr Zhao visited【2011四川南充】26. Can you tell me_ ?A. where are you from B. whe
