1、中考英语语法专题中考英语语法专题Grammar:主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致称和数上保持一致 学习目标：学习目标：掌握主谓一致的掌握主谓一致的3种情况：种情况：就近原则；语法一致；意义一致就近原则；语法一致；意义一致Subject-Verb Subject-Verb AgreementAgreement主谓一致原则主谓一致原则The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ wa
2、lking.isareareisareBob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _ workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.isBill All of them _ workers.are2.2.两个名词或代词由两个名词或代词由 and and 连接作主语时连接作主语时,谓谓语动词一般用复数。语动词一般用复数。eg Reading and Runnig _ very eg Reading and Runnig _ very important(be)
3、important(be)1.1.谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。3 有有half of，part of 和和most of 等词引起主语时，等词引起主语时，动词通常与动词通常与of 后面的名词代词保持一致后面的名词代词保持一致Most of his money_ spent on books Most of the students _ taking an active part in sports(be)areisare4.4.集合名词集合名词 group,class,family,army,enemy,government 等作主语时等作主语时,如果强
4、如果强调整体调整体,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体如果强调个体,则用复数形式则用复数形式His family _ very large His family _ very large His family _ watching TVHis family _ watching TV5.5.表示时间表示时间,金钱金钱,距离距离,重量的复数名重量的复数名词作主语时词作主语时,通常看作整体通常看作整体,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。Three weeks _ enoughThree weeks _ enoughisareis 6.6.不定代词不定代词 anyone,anybody
5、,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,the other 等作主语时，谓语动词等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。用单数。There _ nothing new in todays There _ nothing new in todays newspaper(be)newspaper(be)Nobody _ his name(know)Nobody _ his name(know)isknows 7.就近原则就近原则:当用作主语的两个名词或代词当用作主
6、语的两个名词或代词由由or,either or,neithernor 或或 not only but also,not.but 连接时连接时.Neither you nor I _ going to the theatre Neither I nor you _ going to the theatre(be)8.8.就前原则就前原则:主语后如有下面词或短语主语后如有下面词或短语,如如 with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including 等等 。The boy with h
7、is brothers _ The boy with his brothers _ watching TV(be)watching TV(be)amareis 1.Apples _（be)my favourite food.归纳：语法形式要一直，单复数和谓语一致归纳：语法形式要一直，单复数和谓语一致 2.Each one _（have)their own names.归纳：如果由归纳：如果由every,each,no 等修饰，谓语动等修饰，谓语动词用单数词用单数 3.Nothing _(be)impossible.归纳：归纳：nothing,something,somebodu,nobody
8、是第三人称单数是第三人称单数arehasis 4.My glasses _(be)lost yesterday.A pair of glasses _(be)on the desk.归纳：有两部分构成的物体的名词，如归纳：有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数的单复数形式。形式。wereis 5.People _
9、(grow)vegetables while cattle _(eat)grass.一些只有复数的名词，如一些只有复数的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。6.Toms family _(be)watching TV.Toms team _(have)won the match already.集体名词集体名词family,class,team,group 等看作整等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，但如果看成个体，就体时，谓语动词用单数，但如果看成个体，就是复数。是复数。groweatarehas 7.Physi
10、cs _(be)diffcult to learn.maths,physics,politics,news 虽然是虽然是 s结结尾，但实际上是单数。尾，但实际上是单数。8.The teacher as well as his students _(sing)a song.He along with his brothers _(run)fast.Jim like his friends _(do)well in maths.主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with，as well as，together with along with
11、，like 等引导的介词短语时等引导的介词短语时，谓，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。语动词与前面的主语一致。issingsrunsdoes 8.Neither her sister nor Mary _(be)going to the party tomorrow.There _(be)an apple and three bananas in the kitchen.Not only she but also I _(be)here.就近原则：就近原则：由连词由连词notbut,or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,there be等连接的并列主等连接的
12、并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。语一致。isisam 9.The poor _（want)to have a better life.the+形容词形容词”(如如the poor，the rich，the young，the old，the dead，the sick，the brave 等等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数作主语，谓语动词往往用复数.10.Ten years _(be)a long time.10 US dollars _(be)lots of money
13、.100,000 kilometres _(be)too long.表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。时，谓语动词通常用单数。wantisisis 11.Many a student _(be)sitting in the classroom.many a 单数名词单数名词(许多许多)作主语，尽管作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数 12.A number of children _(have)a good time.很多孩子过得愉快。很多孩子过得愉快。The number of ch
14、ildren _(be)99.孩子的数目是孩子的数目是99.a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；用复数形式；但但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。其谓语用单数。ishaveis 13.90 percent of the population _(live)by the sea.20 percent of the trees _(have)died.分数分数(百分数百分数)+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。后面的名词的数。但
15、要注意但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。14.To see _(be)to believe.Eating too much junk food _(do)harm to us.动名词，动名词，动词不定时都是单数。动词不定时都是单数。liveshaveisdoes 15.The teacher and writer _(work)in a middle school.The bread and butter _(taste)delicious.归纳：归纳：如
16、果用如果用and 连接两个名词，而且指的是同一连接两个名词，而且指的是同一个人或者同一个事物，那就是单数。个人或者同一个事物，那就是单数。比较：比较：The teacher and writer is here 既是教师也是作家（同一个人）既是教师也是作家（同一个人）The teacher and the writer are here.教师和作家（两个人）教师和作家（两个人）workstastes1.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;wa
17、s B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were2.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 3._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are1One or two days
18、_ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to
19、 seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as
20、 the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 10.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 11.A library with five thousand
21、books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered12.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 13.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.
22、were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were14.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 15._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are16 No on
23、e but her parents _ it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are knowing17.The results of the examination _that you have all made great _.A.show;progress B.shows;progress C.show;progresses D.shows;progresses18.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you.A.is B.are C.have D.has Exercise:Complete the sentences with th
24、e correct form of the words.1.One of my best friends _(have)moved to America.2.The student,with the host family,_(be)invited to a welcome party when he arrived at the city.3.In summer,my family always _(eat)lunch in the park.4.At the moment,the whole class _(enjoy)sightseeing trips in the city.5.The
25、 government _(be)trying to promote good relationships with other countries.haswaseatare enjoyingis6.My study group _(want)to have pen friends.7.My fathers company _(be)paying for summer courses for our class.8.Our team _(have)organised a match against a visiting school.9.Six weeks _(be)a long time t
26、o be away from home.10.The police _(be)hoping therell be no trouble at the concert.wantishasisare 1.How much _(be)those jeans over there?2.The family I am staying with _(be)very friendly.3.Sir,the group _(want)to know what time to arrive at work.4.Our team _(have)won the cup!5.He works for a company which _(organise)English courses.6.One of my friends _(play)basketball in the school team.areiswantshasorganisesplays
