1、考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破全国卷3年考点分布表考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破由上表不难看出，高考英语阅读理解试题的命题思路充分体现了在稳中求发展，在发展中求创新的理念。从体裁方面看，一般分为以下四种：说明文、记叙文、应用文和议论文，以说明文、记叙文为主，以应用文和议论文为辅。考生在练习四大体裁的文章时，要有所侧重。从文章难度方面看，每年的文章难度以容易和适中为主，仅有一篇难度相对较大。从题目设置方面看，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。考生在今后的训练中要特别注重掌握不同题型的解题技巧。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破预计2018
2、年高考英语阅读理解文章的难度会保持稳定，阅读总量基本不会有太大的变化，在设题上会有一定的深度，易、中、难试题仍会保持相对稳定的比例，仍将以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，在语言、词汇、选材、内涵等方面有新突破、新高度，将会充分体现出选拔的功能。对考生来说，要熟悉各类体裁的文章的行文特征，培养语篇意识，加大阅读量，扩大词汇量和知识面。在阅读时，考生既要能做到忠实于原文，也要能领会作者的言外之意，切记不要掺杂个人观点，同时把握好解题速度和正确率。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破一、题型特点与命题方式细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节理解题通常包括直接细节理解
3、题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多数。其常见的命题方式有：题型一细节理解题题型一细节理解题考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破二、正确选项特征1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语
4、态，给考生制造障碍。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，成为正确答案。4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破三、解题思路与应试技巧细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以搜查信息在阅读中非常重要。它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息，在一篇短文里，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。下面结合全国卷和部
5、分省份的高考试题，对细节理解题的不同类型加以解读。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后，再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下确定最佳答案。直接细节题考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破典例1(2017全国卷B篇)I first met Paul Newman in 1968,when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,introduced u
6、s in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at fir
7、st?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didnt like his agent.C.He wasnt famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破分析该题属于直接细节题。根据题干中的关键词studio，role，author，迅速在文中找到“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”这
8、句话，通过分析这句话可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够出名。因此答案为C项。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破典例2(2016全国卷C篇)I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad,I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and th
9、ats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the
10、stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said：“Well,Im really sorry,Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the des
11、k and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease,please,youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even ear
12、lier than originally scheduled.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter o
13、n first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破分析以上两题均对文中事实细节进行提问，属于直接细节题，相对容易。第30题，利用题干中的关键词“42 hours”快速回原文中查询，在第一段中可找到相应细节：I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.由此可知，冰维持的最长时间是42小时，故答案为D项。
14、第31题，利用题干中的关键词“flight”和“first”快速回原文中查询，在第二段的最后一句可找到相应细节：She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,rerouted(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.由此可知，这位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飞机改道经纽瓦克回到了英国。故答案为B项。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的
15、推理或鉴别。这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。间接细节题考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破典例3(2017全国卷B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were
16、 respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:humorous,aggressive,and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relation
17、ship off the screen.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.分析该题属于间接细节题，需要对原文信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的推理、鉴别。根据文章中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and f
18、ocused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故正确选项为D项。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破典例4(2016全国卷B篇)No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult ch
19、ildren and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas mother-in-law,Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons d
20、ecision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A.17%expressed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83%believ
21、ed it had a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend.考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破分析解题时首先要弄明白Mrs.Robinson的决定是什么，由文中的“Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.Mrs.Robinsons decision.”可知她的决定是离开芝加哥搬进白宫来
22、帮助照顾外孙女。再结合题干可知，此处问的是民众对于这一决定的看法，根据本段末句“Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family”综合分析可知，大多数人认为Marian Robinson搬进白宫是符合潮流的。故答案为D项。选项A和B在文中未出现，选项C中的bad不符合文意，文中并未明确指出有坏的影响。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破四、易错提醒与应对方法1.易错提醒对于细节理解题，信息错位是考生经常犯的毛病。问题在于考生在紧张的考试过程中阅读不细，未找准题目所依据的事实；另外，长句难句也是阅读理解的
23、一大障碍，考生对某些长句难句理解不透彻，造成歧义；再者，考生没有对干扰选项回原文进行验证。因此，了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以下几个特征：(1)文不对题。选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破(2)主观臆断。选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，符合常识，但不符合文章内容。(3)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。(4)将原文内容扩大或缩小。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动。(5)无中生有。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。(6)选项内容部分正确，部分错误。考点扫描考点扫描题型突破题型突破2.应对方法(1)逆向法。先读题干和4个选项，再根据内容筛选、提取有用信息。读题的时侯，要抓住题干中的关键词，然后带着关键词仔细阅读文章相关内容。(2)排除法。排除选项时，注意与原文的异同，特别注意中心词的限定语，如名词的定语、动词的状语等是否与原文一致，选项中的动词时态是否与原文一致。(3)长难句破解法：分析句子结构，明确主题成分，剔除细枝末节。
