1、What we see is“Tip of the unreported iceberg”Causal associationExposureEventExposureestimateEventestimateStatistical associationRealityConfounding factorsBiasesEvaluation:Double challenge?Evaluation:Double challenge Sensitivity analyses Modeling Bayesian approach Bayesian approach NECESSARY DEVELOPM
2、ENTSick PopulationResultsTreatment Target PopulationTreatment Dissemination Population=Treated Population?Physician Target PopulationEligible Population Study PopIntent to treatPer protocol?Drug-Related PopulationsDrug-Related QuestionsSick populationPhysician target populationEligible populationStu
3、dy Population Treatment target populationTreatment distribution populationImpact on patients subgroupsWished Impact from TreatmentPotential Impact of TreatmentReal Impact of TreatmentProportion of pop.available for treatment?Generalizability?Generalizability?Recommendations?Compliance?ISSUESPERSPECT
4、IVESADR报告表报告表王XX,男,69岁母亲孕期服用己烯雌酚与女儿阴道腺癌的相关关系a+b+c+d(40)b+d(32)a+c(8)合计c+d(33)d(32)c(1)-a+b(7)b(0)a(7)+合计对照病例药物PEM的操作流程DSRU决定是否监测新药获准上市通知PPA挑出此药的全部处方用药的病人及处方医生的详细资料被送到DSRU邮寄绿卡给医生资料输入到计算机绿卡返回到DSRU资料分析资料分析,形成形成 PEM 报告报告随访感兴趣的,如:孕妇、死亡原因严重的、怀疑为ADR的病人药物流行病学研究方法药物流行病学研究方法 描述性研究描述性研究 分析性研究分析性研究 实验性研究实验性研究 (
5、干预实验)(干预实验)现况调查现况调查 筛选筛选 疾病监测疾病监测 病例对照研究病例对照研究 队列研究队列研究 社区实验社区实验 临床实验临床实验 (纵向研究)(纵向研究)群组病例对照研究群组病例对照研究 匹配病例对照研究匹配病例对照研究 前瞻性队列前瞻性队列 回顾性队列回顾性队列 双向队列双向队列 自发报告系统的评价方法 ManufacturersSales or DistributorsHospitals or Healthcare workersNew or serious in 15 daysDeath timely 15daysOthers in each quarterRegion CentersCDR&National CenterNew/serious 3daysOther each quarterRegional SFDA orHealth DepartmentSFDA/MOHInternetWHO CenterInternetInternet