1、subjunctive moodGrammar-梁志玲1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气。2.2.定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生不可能发生或可能性比较小可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。它通过谓语动词的它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示特殊形式来表示。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free,I
2、 will visit you.If I were a bird,I would fly into the sky.（虚拟条件句虚拟条件句）(真实条件句真实条件句）a.ifa.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.ifb.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示对事实的相反的表示对事实的相反的假设，或是假设，或是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。What would you do if you won the lottery（彩票）（彩票）?If I won the lottery,I wou
3、ldDiscussionIf I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.1.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反If I were the schoolmaster ,I would let the students get up a little later.schoolmaster 总总 结结if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设 did（be动词用动词用were)would(should/might/could)动原动原If he had driven more carefully,he would not
4、have had the car accident yesterday.2.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反If he had got up early,he would not have been late for school.如果他早起，他就不会上学迟到。如果他早起，他就不会上学迟到。if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设 had+donewould(should/might/could)have done 总总 结结 If I met Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.If I were to meet
5、 Obama some day,If I should meet Obama some day,3.与与将来将来事实相反事实相反if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、did(be用用were)2、were to do3、should dowould(should/might/could)动原动原 总总 结结一般条件句中的虚拟语气一般条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去现在现在 将来将来ifif条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去had donewould should
6、 +have done sthcouldmight现在现在 diddid（bebe用用werewere）would should +do sthcouldmight将来将来did（be用用were）should dowere to dowould should +do sthcouldMight一、语法填空：1.If I _(not,see)it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(2015.北京卷）2.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I
7、 could have helped.(2016.北京卷）3.If I had time this evening,I _(go)to your birthday party.4.If it should rain,the crops _(save).hadnt seenhad toldwould gowould be saved二、单句改错：1.If you are me,would you talk to them?(2015.四川卷）2.I know nothing about the film.If I knew about it,I will tell you.3.If she wo
8、rked hard enough,she would have passed the English exam.werewouldhad三、书面表达（2013.广东卷）对现在的对现在的虚拟虚拟1.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，我们会生活在一个很糟糕的环境中。2.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，我们会被垃圾淹没。3.假如我们的城市中没有清洁工，疾病会迅速传播。1.If there were no cleaners in the city,we would live in a bad environment.2.If there were no cleaners in the city,we would
9、 be drowned in the rubbish.3.If there were no cleaners in the city,diseases would spread quickly.Translation二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.I wish+宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：过去时(be用were)过去完成时(had done)would/could do I wish I were a bird.(现在现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.(过去过去)We wish our parents wou
10、ldnt punish us.(将来将来)I wish I _(fly)like a bird some day.could flyI wish every day _(be)my birthday.wereI wish I _(not eat)so much watermelon.hadnt eaten2.I would rather 现在：现在：将来：将来：过去：过去：I would rather you _(pay)me now.(现在现在)I would rather you _(go)there yesterday.(过去过去)Dont come.I would rather you
11、 _(come)tomorrow.(未来未来)过去时过去完成时过去时paid had gonecame三、常见动词：三、常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order,command 三条建议：三条建议：advise,suggest,propose四项要求：四项要求：demand,require,request,ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词用法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should+should+动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。1.1.我们建议我们建议Tom去休
12、息一下。去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。3.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.We suggested that Tom a rest.2.He insisted that I present.3.They requested that we themshould have(should)beshould send to work there.当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明”;insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时时;不用虚拟语气！不用虚拟语气！His accent suggests that he comes from
13、Hunan.I insist that he was wrong.3).Its（high）time+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you .Its high time that you .Its time that we .Its time that we to bed.wentshould gowent to bedshould go4）Its necessary/strange/natural/important/a pity+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即即(should)+动词原形动词原形1.I
14、t is important that we(should)master a foreign language.2.It is strange that she should refuse to come to the party.3.Its necessary that we should study hard.5）as if/though+从句从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时 They talked as if they had been friends for years.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.6）If only 要是要
15、是.就好了就好了=I wish If only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来:一般过去时（一般过去时（be用用were）had donewould/could+动词原形动词原形if only7)Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主
16、语从句中要使用后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以虚拟语气，也以 (should)+v原原.的形式出的形式出现。现。Its ordered that teachers(should)teach English at schools.Its requested that all the students(should)wear school uniforms at school.以上这些动词的以上这些动词的名词形式名词形式后面的表语从句后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should)+v(should)+v原原.的形式出现。的形式出现。M
17、y suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible.注意注意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示”;insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时时;不用虚拟语气！不用虚拟语气！His accent suggests that he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrong.1 He suggested that the
18、meeting put off.A.is B.was C.would be D.should be 2 It is strange that he so.A.thinks B.think C.thought D.will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday.A.met B.have met C.would meet D.had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6.A.was finished B.will finish C.should be finished D.
19、shall be finished 5 Its high time that he home.A.goes B.went C.will go D.is going to go6 If only I _ to my parents advice!A.listening B.listen C.am listening D.had listened 7.If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrived D.has arrived
