1、2021/7/261(最新整理)被动语态专项(最终版)2021/7/2622021/7/263一、语态一、语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子主主语与谓语的关系。语与谓语的关系。当谓语动词表示一个动作当谓语动词表示一个动作时，它和主语有两种关系：时，它和主语有两种关系：主动语态和被动主动语态和被动语态。语态。当句子的当句子的主语主语是是动作动作的的执行者执行者时，谓语时，谓语的形式是的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语主语是是动动作作的的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。2021/7/264e.g.1.Many people spe
2、ak English.（主动语态主动语态,句子的主语句子的主语many people是是 动作动作speak的执行者的执行者）2.English is spoken by many people.（被动语态被动语态,句子的主语句子的主语English是动作是动作 speak的的承受者）承受者）2021/7/265被动语态由被动语态由“be+done”构成。与主构成。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有动语态一样，被动语态也有时态时态、人人称称和和数数的变化。的变化。二、二、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成2021/7/266S(主语主语)+am/is/are+done三、一般现在时的三、一般现在时的被动语
3、态的构成被动语态的构成2021/7/267His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(承受者承受者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.四、主动语态变被动语态四、主动语态变被动语态2021/7/268eg.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语 +谓谓 +宾语宾语Shoes are made by them in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词2021/7/2691.We use computers
4、to search information._2.The teacher often repeats the story._Computers are used to search information by us.The story is often repeated by the teacher.2021/7/26103.Bill looks after his cats carefully._4.We dont often speak English at home._The cats are looked after carefully by Bill.English isnt of
5、ten spoken by us at home.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.2021/7/2612Exercise 1.-Why does the earth look blue in space？-Because most of the earths surface _ by waterAcovers Bi
6、s covered CcoverDare covered 2.-As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country AteachesBtaught Cis taughtDwas taught3.Dont smoke here,Dad.Smoking _ in public places.isnt allowed B.arent allowed C.doesnt allow4.Every day,too much water in our school.We shou
7、ld save it.is wasted B.wastes C.was wasted D.wasted5.Have you heard of the song Little Apple?-Yes.It _every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played2021/7/2613一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化 肯定句 主语+be done+其他 否定句 主语+be not done+其他一般疑问句Be+主语+done+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+
8、be否定回答：No,主语+be not2021/7/2614被动语态的肯定句：否定句：English isnt spoken by us.主动语态的肯定句：We speak English.一般疑问句：Is English spoken by us?肯定回答：Yes,it is.否定回答：No,it isnt.English is spoken by us.2021/7/26151.Jim uses this computer every day.2.Lucys mother often waters these flowers.This computer is used by Jim eve
9、ry day.These flowers are often watered by Lucys mother.变为否定和一般疑问句This computer isnt used by Jim every day.Is this computer used by Jim every day?变为否定和一般疑问句These flowers arent often watered by Lucys mother.Are these flowers often watered by Lucys mother.2021/7/2616He looked after the little baby yest
10、erday.主谓宾(承受者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday.六、一般过去时的六、一般过去时的被动语态被动语态构成：构成：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词2021/7/26172.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought by them last term.2021/7/2618They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yester
11、day.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.2021/7/2619Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主
12、主谓谓宾宾The room will be cleaned byTom tomorrow.七、一般将来时的七、一般将来时的被动语态被动语态构成：构成：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词2021/7/2620eg.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished by themin ten days.2021/7/2621We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.T
13、he headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.2021/7/2622八、现在进行时的八、现在进行时的被动语态被动语态构成：构成：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词Some workers are painting t
14、he rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.2021/7/2623eg.Lucy is watering the trees.The trees is being watered by Lucy.2021/7/2624九、现在完成时的九、现在完成时的被动语态被动语态构成：构成：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.2021/7/2625eg.We have finished o
15、ur compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.2021/7/2626Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.构成：构成：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词十、情态动词的十、情态动词的被动语态被动语态2021/7/26271.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights
16、.4.They should learn English well.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.2021/7/2628English is spoken by many people.Knifves were used by people for cutting things.The box can be used by us as
17、a table.The classroom should be cleanedd by us every day.The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.2021/7/2629各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在现在进行时进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：情态动词：情态动词：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will +be+done S+am/is/are+being+doneS+ha
18、ve/has+been+doneS+was/were +doneS+was/were+being+done2021/7/2630 make sb do let sb.do have sb.do be made to dobe let to do be had to doEg.I made him stay outside.He was made to stay outside by me.2021/7/2631 see sb.do hear sb.do watch sb.dobe seen to dobe heard to dobe watched to doeg.I saw her go o
19、ut.She was seen to go out by me.注意:see sb.doing hear sb.doing watch sb.doing be seen doingbe heard doingbe watched doingEg.I hear her reading English.She is heard reading English.2021/7/26322021/7/2633Try the following:1.They made us do all the work.2.I often see him walk to school.3.Did you see the
20、m get off the bus?4.Was Lily heard to sing upstairs last night?(you)5.The girl was seen _ with her mother at 8:00 yesterday.A.quarrel B.quarreling C.to quarrel D.quarreledWere they seen to get off the bus by you?Did you hear Lily sing upstairs last night?BWe were made to do all the work by them.He i
21、s often seen to walk to school by me.2021/7/2634 help sb(to)do -be helped to do.He helped the old man(to)clean the room.The old man was helped to clean the room.help sb(to)do2021/7/26352021/7/2636=give a book to me直间=buy a book for me直间2021/7/26372021/7/2638Try the following:1.The teacher gave Jim s
22、ome books.2.His parents bought him a new bike.Jim was given some books by the teacher.Some books were given to Jim by the teacher.He was bought a new bike by his parents.A new bike was bought for him by his parents.2021/7/2639 We know that the West Lake is very beautiful.It is known that the West La
23、ke is very beautiful.They say that Father Christmas is based on a real person.It is said that Father Christmas is based on a real person.2021/7/2640a girl called Cuihua 一个叫翠花的女孩一个叫翠花的女孩a book bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书一本昨天买的书 get/make/have sth done 使某物被使某物被 make me understood 使我被理解使我被理解/使人理解我使人理解我 hav
24、e my hair cut 使我头发被剪使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头请人给我剪头2021/7/2641（1）、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属）、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有性的动词。常见的这类动词有write/wash/sell/run well等。例如：等。例如：The machine runs well.This pen writes well.The book sells well.2021/7/2642（2）系表结构）系表结构look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,seem等。例如：等。例如：Do you like
25、 the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable.2021/7/2643（3 3）、）、sth.need/require doing =sth.need/require to be done Youve come just in time to help us.Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?)This sentence needs _.A.an improvemen
26、t B.improve C.improving D.improvedC（4）come out/run out/come true 2021/7/26441.有的有的be+done 形式是系表结构形式是系表结构 The cup is broken.The store is usually closed at 6:00 a.m.注意注意eg.The doctor looked after the patient carefully.2.动词短语变被动语态时动词短语变被动语态时,后面的后面的介词不能省介词不能省。The patient was looked after carefully by th
27、e doctor.2021/7/2645（1）there be 句式没有被动语态句式没有被动语态。(2)不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。(happen,come true,come,go)（3）宾语是反身代词或相互）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。代词时。We often help each other.He taught himself.2021/7/2646(4)(5)系表结构的句子没有被动。系表结构的句子没有被动。（look,sound,feel,taste,smell）eg.He looks sad.It feels soft.It taste delicious.2021
28、/7/2647八、初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said/reported/believed that 据说/据报道/人们相信 It is hoped that希望 It is well-known that众所周知2021/7/2648 把下列句子变成被动语态把
29、下列句子变成被动语态:A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up,when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two2021/7/2649 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句
30、子变成被动语态:A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up,when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two2021/7/26504)Well put on the p
31、lay next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last yearThe play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year2021/7/26512021/7
32、/26522021/7/26532021/7/2654They sent upwere planted are grown2021/7/26551.In some countries,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.A.have been taken place B.took place C.have taken place D.were taken place.The new type of car
33、is going to _ in three years.A.turn out B.be turned out C.has turned out D.have been turned out4.The woman murdered her friend and _ to _.A.was sentenced,death B.sentencing,die C.sentenced,death D.sentenced,die2021/7/26562021/7/26572021/7/26582021/7/26592021/7/2660 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The yo
34、ung trees must_ _ _ well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行)in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held2021/7/2661.When _ the first man-made satellite _（send）up into
35、 space?2.Last year vegetables _(grow）in the garden by Tom and he _(sell）them himself.3.She _（help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.4.How many magazines _（can borrow）in your library every week?5.John _（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.Who _（save）her father?He _ （save）by that policeman.2021/7/266210.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory2021/7/26632021/7/2664
