1、Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense现在完成时态一、一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）（过去分词）I _(finish)the composition already.He _(learn)English for three years.We/You/They.She.过去分词的构成过去分词的构成规则形式规则形式 -ed 不规则形式不规则形式 repair-repaired -e+d 双写辅音双写辅音+ed stop/mop/travel 现在完成时态的含义是表示过
2、去发生现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。She has gone.(She has gone.(她走了。她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出以看出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。He speaks French so fluently.He learne
3、d it in Paris.He was there for two years.He has studied French.(他学过法语。他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look!The blackboard is so clean now.He has cleaned the blackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。现在完成时用法（一）现在完成时用法（一）过去过去的的(结束性结束性)动作产生的影响或结动作产生的影响或结果果现在现在还存在还存在。
4、常用常用短暂性动词短暂性动词做谓语动词做谓语动词.如如arrive,get,finish,borrow,open,stop,begin,go,come,die,fall,时间状语常用时间状语常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once(一次一次),recently 等等 不具体不具体的过去时间的过去时间 或或不带有不带有时间状语时间状语注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just jus
5、t 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet.yet.I havent seen the film named King Lion yet.I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet.Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.I have already seen the film named King Lion.For.SinceHow long have/has sb.?lived learned ownedThedo
6、orhasbeenopenforawholeday.Thewindowshavebeenclosedsince7:30.Ihavehadthisbikeforayear/sincelastyear.Myteachershavebeenbusy/freethesedays.现在完成时用法二:过去过去开始的开始的动作或状态一直持续动作或状态一直持续到到现在现在 1.常用常用延续性动词延续性动词,如如be,sleep,live,learn,stay,have,keep,work,walk,2.时间状语须表达时间状语须表达过去到现在的过去到现在的一段时间一段时间.for two years so fa
7、r since 短语短语,during the past 2 years since 从句从句 in the past 2 years标志词：标志词：for+一段时间一段时间,since+过去的时间过去的时间点点,these years,so far,in the past/last years We _(learn)English for three years/since two years ago/since 2000.Mr.Green _(be)in China these years.They _(write)15 songs so far.The population _(grow
8、)more slowly in the past ten years.havelearnedhasbeenhavewrittenhasgrown1.The Jiangs _(live)here for almost ten years.2.He _(work)in the factory since 1994.3.His parent _(teach)in this school since they came to the city.4.The child _(sleep)since two hours ago.havelivedhasworkedhastaughthasslept延续性语境
9、中的非延续性动词的使用延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：He has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小时了。（）His father has died for three years.他父亲去世三年了。（）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：He has been asleep for an hour.（fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asle
10、ep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）短暂性动词短暂性动词转换为转换为延续性动词延续性动词1.buy-have(我买电脑两年了我买电脑两年了.)2.borrow-keep(他借这本书三个星期他借这本书三个星期.)3.begin to sleep/study/去掉去掉begin to (他已睡了半个小时了他已睡了半个小时了.)4.move into-live in(他已搬进来三个月了他已搬进来三个月了.)5.leave home-b
11、e away from home (我已离家一年我已离家一年.)6.fall ill-be ill(Helen病了一周了病了一周了)7.join the group-be in the group be a member of (我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了.)8.die-be dead(我爷爷死了两个月了我爷爷死了两个月了)9.get up-be up(他已起床一刻钟了他已起床一刻钟了.)10.begin-be on (会议已开始十分钟会议已开始十分钟.)e to/arrive in/get to -be in(他已到南京三天他已到南京三天了了.)12.ope
12、n/close-be open/be closed (门开门开/关了十分钟了关了十分钟了)常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：go therebe there,come backbe back,borrowkeep,buy/catchhave,arrivebe in,beginbe on,openbe open,closebe closed,diebe dead,leavebe away from,get upbe up,fall asleepbe asleep,becomebe,joinbe in/a member of,receivehave,catch/get
13、 a coldhave a cold,get marriedbe married，come be in，finish be over，leaver be away1.turn on the radio-keep the radio on He turned on the radio an hour ago.He _ _ the radio _ for an hour.The radio _ _ _ for an hour.2.open the door-keep the door open I opened the door twenty minutes ago.I _ _ the door
14、_ for 20 minutes.The door _ _ _ for 20 minutes.has kept onhas been onhave kept openhas been open have have（hashas）been been 和和have have（hashas）gone gone 的区别的区别 have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；have gone to a place表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。She has been to Shangh
15、ai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first/second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that结构，that 从
16、句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。Work in pairs:Doctor:Whats wrong with you,young man?Man:Maybe I _(catch)a cold.D :How long _ you _(be)like this?M :_ yesterday morning.D :_ you _(take)the temperature yet?M :No,_ y
17、et.D :.Oh,you have had a little fever._you_(take)any medicine yet?M :I _(take)some aspirin this morning.D :How many pills _you ever_(take)so far?M :About four pills.D :Ok.Its nothing serious.Dont worry.You have to stay in bed for a few hours drink plenty of water.Youll be better tomorrow.have caught
18、have beenSinceHave takennotHavetakentookhavetaken现在完成时用法三:现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如when，in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过过去某一年，去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时当有当有just,already,yet,sofar,inthepast/lastfewdays(在过去在过去/最近的几年最近的几年里里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的接过去时间状语或过去时的句子句子,for+时间状语时间状语等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时ClassbeganfiveminutesagoClasshasbeenonforfiveminutes.
