1、Lesson 68 Persistent Key words expressionspersistent adj.1.(人、行为)不屈不挠的，执拗的，顽固的坚持不懈的努力persistent effortsHe was persistent in his question.他一直追问到底2.(事物)持久的，不断的(lasting)persistent rainpersistent noise持续不断的雨水不间断的噪音persist v.执意，坚持persist in sth/doing 坚持做.执意做.eg.Does he always persist in his opinion like
2、that?他总是那样固执己见吗？她执意要带着她的狗。She persisted in taking her dog with her.persist v.persistent a.persistence n.u 坚持不懈，执意，持续eg.His persistence touches me.他的持之以恒令我感动avoid v.避开，躲避，避免，预防avoid+n./doing eg.Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.幸运的是我们避开了一次事故避免在交通高峰期间驾驶Try to avoid driving in rush hours.av
3、oid sb/sth like the plague 极力躲避，尽量避开avoidable adj.可避免的v.+able adj.可.的，能够.的lovable 可爱的washable 耐洗的acceptable 可以接受的understandable 可以理解的insist 1.v.坚持做.insist on sth./on doing sth.坚持/坚决要求做某事insist that sb(should)do.eg.I insist on your coming with us.I insist that you should go with us.2.v.坚持说，坚信，固执的声称eg
4、.She insisted that she was innocent.她坚持说她是清白的insistent adj.坚持的，不容拒绝的或反对的insistence n.u 坚持insistence on/about sth 对某事的坚持insist on/persist instick to /keep on insist on+n.insist on doing sth 坚持要求，坚持认为(要求，看法，主张，意见)She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.persist in+n.persist in doing He insisted on p
5、laying golf.He persisted in practicing golf for an hour表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念不改，固执(玩了没有玩了没有,不知道不知道)(坚持练了一个小时，动作已发生坚持练了一个小时，动作已发生)stick to+n./cling to/hew tostick to doing 坚持不放弃愿望，原则，决定，诺言，理想Stick to it!坚持住We should stick to the study of Marxism-Leninism.我们应该坚持学习马列主义keep on:continue to do on 是副词，有继续的意思We
6、kept on working although we are all tired.Key structures 动名词（gerund）的应用：动词加ing，起到名词的作用，成为动名词1.动名词作动词的宾语avoid doing 避免做.enjoy doing 喜欢做.deny doing 否认做过.fancy doing 想象做.以下动词常接动名词作宾语：admit appreciate avoid complete delay deny enjoy fancy finish mind stand practise resent risk suggest allow preventKey s
7、tructures examples:1.He always avoids traveling in rush hours.2.He enjoys playing football.3.He completely denies taking it.4.Fancy meeting you here!5.Would you mind opening the wondow?6.I dont mind waiting.7.I cant stand people shouting and pushing.Key structures 2.固定结构：Its no use doing.做某事是没有用的Its
8、 no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收Its(not)worth doing (不)值得做.be busy(in)doing 忙于做Cant you see I am busying writing?do some shopping do some washing Key structures 3.动名词的逻辑主语的表达形式(是谁的动作，由谁执行)Would you mind opening the window?整个句子只有一个主语，都是you,打开窗户的动作是you执行的Would you mind my opening the window?你介意我打开窗
9、户吗打开窗户的执行者是“我”,my是动名词opening 的逻辑主语Key structures Do you mind smoking?你介意吸烟吗？（你自己吸烟）Do you mind my smoking?你介意吸烟吗？（我吸烟）Fancy writing a letter like that.句子没有出现主语，但是可以理解为“我”，“真想不到我写了那样一封信”Fancy her writing a letter like that.Key structures 他的离开是巨大的损失。His leaving is a great loss.his 修饰leaving，是逻辑主语妈妈不喜欢
10、工作到很晚Mother dislikes working late.（主语是mother）妈妈不喜欢我工作到很晚Mother dislikes my working late.（逻辑主语是my）Key structures 现在分词和动名词的比较：4.see,notice,hear,smell等感官动词后面接现在分词做宾语：see,hear.sb doing 正在做.see,hear.sb do 做过，做完.see,hear.sth done 被.I saw him coming.He heard me opening the door.I can smell something burnin
11、g.I heard her singing in the room.Key structures 5.go 与come 加现在分词，表示伴随go dancing go skiing go riding go shopping go skating Come swimming with me tomorrow.1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him,but he saw me and came running towards me.avoid doing sth 避免做.We should avoid making the same mistake
12、.came running towards me中的running是现在分词作状语，修饰动词came，是怎样来的2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him,so I waved to him.its no use+v-ing.做某事是没有作用的it作形式主语，v-ing短语是真正的主语eg.Its no use complaining about it.抱怨是没有用的。wave to sb 向某人挥手I waved a greeting to the teacher.挥手问好I waved him goodbye.我和他挥手道别I wa
13、ved him out/in.我挥手叫他出去/进来pretend v.假装pretend that.假装.eg.He pretended that he was working hard.pretend to do 假装做.eg.He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.pretend to be doing 假装正在做.The boys pretended to be sleeping.3.I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.我就怕见到他，他从来都是无事可做en
14、joy doing sth 喜欢做某事句子中连用两个never，带有很强烈的感情色彩4.No matter how busy you are,he always insists on coming with you.no matter how(what,which,who,where,when)无论如何(什么、哪一个、谁、何地、何时)No matter what happens,dont be discouraged.insist on doing sth 坚持做.Whatever you may say,I am not going to take him back.(No matter w
15、hat you say,.)Wherever you go,I shall follow you.(No matter where you go,I shall follow you.)Whoever disobeys the law must be punished.(No matter who disobeys the law)e.g.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarThe words whatever,wherever,whoever,whichever,whenev
16、er and however have similar meanings to“no matter who,what,which”.A word of this kind has a double function:1.It acts as a subject,object or adverb in its own clause.2.It also acts as a conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the sentence.nhas interest in it can apply for membership.n（主从，只能用Wh
17、oever不能用No matter who）n But did it,Mr Putin has been vilified in the Wests media.n状从（可用whoever/No matter who）1.problems you may have,we will help.2.Take book you like best.3.late it is,you must come to the party because it will be something fantastic.PracticeComplete the following sentences with the
18、 appropriate words in the box.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarWhatever_whichever_whoever wherever whateverhowever whenever whicheverHowever_VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar4.You will see this product advertised
19、 you like.5.you come,you will be warmly welcomed.6.uprooted that tree ought to be ashamed of themselves.7.This is one possible solution to the problem.there are others.whoever wherever whateverhowever whenever whicheverwherever_Whenever_Whoever_However_,n他吃多少都不肥。nHowever much he eats,he never gets f
20、at.(No matter how much he eats,)n我能溜掉就过来。nI shall come whenever I can slip away.n我们送给谁都行。（看见谁就给谁）nWe shall send it to whoever is available.n无论得到什么，你都得满足。nYou will have to be content with whatever you can get.5.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.think of a
21、way of doing 想个办法做某事prevent sb(from)doing sth.stop sb(from)doing sth.keep sb from doing sth.阻止（某人）做.eg.Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out.prevention n.预防谚 Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗preventive adj.预防的，防止的preventive measures against fire.防火措施文中两个动名词preventing 和following，作介词宾语6.
22、Hello,Nigel,I said.Fancy meeting you here!真想不到在这儿见到你fancy doing.想象（某人）做.常用语祈使句中表示惊叹n Fancy his believing it!n 他居然会相信这件事！fancy 想象：fancy+宾语+as/to be I cant fancy him as a teacher.fancy that.I fancy(that)I have met her somewhere.fancy n.空想，幻想fancy 是非现实的imagination 是既现实又实际的想象 He shut himself in a world
23、of idle fancy.他把自己关在幻想世界里fancy adj.精致的，花哨的Those shoes are too fancy for me.a fancy party 化妆舞会 7.Hi,Elizabeth,Nigel answered.I was just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you.You are not busy doing anything,are you?how to do 做wonder 的宾语be busy(in)doing sth 忙于.8.No,not at all,I answered.Im
24、 going to.not at all 根本不，一点也不eg.I dont like maths at all.There is nothing to eat at all.9.Would you mind my coming with you?he asked,before I had finished ing 为动名词，my为逻辑主语Would you mind coming with me?come的动作执行者是you文中句子动作come的执行者是我finish doing sth 结束做，完成做.10.Not at all,I lied,But Im going to the den
25、tist.lie 说谎 v.lie-lied-lied-lying n.tell a lie 说谎a white lie 善意的谎言a black lie 恶意的谎言11.Then Ill come with you,he answered.Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room!plenty to read很多读的东西不定式to read作plenty 的定语waiting room 候车室，候诊室（动名词作定语，表示某种功能）对比：a waiting car 一辆正在等候的车现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行n1 你是否介意我打开窗户
26、。nDo you mind my opening the window?n2 我将要去见我的牙医。nI am going to see my dentist.n3 吃药根本一点作用也没有。nmedicine doesnt work at all.n4.想想看，整天念书的样子。nFancy reading all day long.n5.无论你什么时候看到他，叫他到我办公室里来。nNo matter when you see him,tell him to come to my office.Key structures 动名词（gerund）的应用：动词加ing，起到名词的作用，成为动名词1.
27、动名词作动词的宾语avoid doing 避免做.enjoy doing 喜欢做.deny doing 否认做过.fancy doing 想象做.以下动词常接动名词作宾语：admit appreciate avoid complete delay deny enjoy fancy finish mind stand practise resent risk suggest allow prevent,resist,permit,recommendnno good,no use,Its worth,as well as,ncant help,Its no use/good be tired of
28、nbe fond of be capable of be afraid ofnbe proud of think of/about hold offnput off keep on insist oncount on/uponntake up set about be successful in good atngive upburst outprevent fromn本课所需掌握的词组：nCross the streetnavoid doing sth.nWave to sb.nEnjoy doing sth.nit is no use doing sth.nno matter hownFa
29、ncy doing sth.n本课所需掌握的词组：n过马路n避免做某事n向某人招手n乐于做某事n做某事无用,徒劳无益n无论如何n想象做某事nBe busy doing sth.nMind doing sth.ninsist on doing sth.nPersist in doing sth.nthink of a way nPrevent from doing sth.nPrevent to do sth.nfollow sb.around n忙于做某事n介意做某事n坚持做某事（不一定做了）n坚持做某事（固执，做了）n想到一个办法n阻止做某事n跟着某人到处走n复合结构n通常情况下，动名词的逻
30、辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。nDo you mind opening the window?n你介意开一下窗子吗？（你开）nDo you mind my opening the window?n你介意我开一下窗子吗？（我开）n他对于学习语言感兴趣。nHe takes a great interest in studying languages.n他对于她在学习金融这件事感兴趣。nHe takes a great interest in her st
31、udying finance.n他们坚持要让玛丽和他们一起去那儿。nThey insist on Marys(Mary)going with them there.n动名词的时态和语态如下：n 主动语态 被动语态n一般式 doing being donen完成式 having done having been donen我记不得以前见过他。（完成时）nI dont remember having met him before.n在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。（被动）n I dont like being laughed at in public.Now you try:n我曾被带到过这个动
32、物园，可我忘了。nI forget once having been taken to the city zoo.nI forget once being taken to the city zoo.（usu.）nExcuse me for being late.(usu.)nThank you for giving us so much help.(usu.)n1.你本不应该告诉她真相。nYou shouldnt have told her the truth.n2.不管那是怎样的艰巨，还是尽你的全力吧。nNo matter how hard it may be,do your best.n
33、3.你介意我和你一起走吗？nWould you mind my coming with you?n4.尽管天气很坏,他们还是坚持去那里。nThey persisted in going there in spite of the bad weather.n5.只要你觉得某事值得去做，就一定要把它做好。nWhat is worth doing is worth doing well.nI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,”she said
34、.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell.I laughed and said,“It cant be that bad.”nBut it was.Before the phone call,I had 30 years of retirement saving in a“safe”fund with a brilliant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down the phone,my savings were gone.I felt as i
35、f I had died and,for some unknown reason,was still breathing.nSince Bernie Madoffs arrest on charges of running a$65 million Ponzi scheme,Ive read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on.I wish I could say I had reservations about Madoff before“the Call”,but I did no
36、t.n On New Years Eve,three weeks after we lost our savings,six of us Madoff people gathered at Tajs house for dinner.As we were sitting around the table,someone asked,“If you could have your money back right now,but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it,would you take the money
37、or would you take what losing the money has given you?”n n My husband was still in financial shock.He said,“I just want the money back.”I wasnt certain where I stood.I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open.Id been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost:always focuse
38、d on the bite that was yet to come,not the one in my mouth.No matter how much I ate or had or experienced,it didnt satisfy me,because I wasnt really taking it in,wasnt absorbing it.Now I was forced to pay attention.Still,I couldnt honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back,I would tu
39、rn it down.nBut the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable,and they didntnthink it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.nMy friend Michael said,Id started to get complacent.Its as if the m
40、uscles of my heart started to atrophy（萎缩.Now theyre awake,aliveand I dont want to go back.”nThese werent just empty words.Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses.Taj was so broke that she was moving into someones garage apartment in three weeks.Three friends had declared bankruptcy and werent sure where or how they were going to live.
