1、Strengthening EG in SCM Industry in Shaan Xi Province,China加强中国陕西小型煤矿的环境治理工作Training Session 1 Training 2 Environmental Management Systems(EMS)Steps to establish and implement an effective EMS 培训会议1-培训课程2-环境管理系统（EMS）建立并实施有效的EMS的步骤John ClarksonWhat we will cover in this session课程内容What is an effectiv
2、e EMS?什么是有效的环境管理系统（EMS）？Brief recap of the two EMS standards and the EMS model2个EMS标准及EMS模型简要回顾Leadership and commitment from top management最高管理的领导和授权方式Training for environmental awareness at all levels of the organisation&ownership of the EMS by the workforce通过人力为EMS系统中各级组织和所有者进行环境意识的培训Resource req
3、uirement资源需求Funding for EMS implementationEMS实施基金Where to start and how to grow the system EMS如何开始，如何发展？The need for good documentation and traceability for auditing purposes良好的文件编制和可追溯性，以备审计之用。Examples of best practice最佳实践The value of the Management Review管理评审的价值Public perception公众认知2What is an eff
4、ective EMS?什么是有效的环境管理系统（EMS）？An effective EMS is one that:有效的环境管理系统（EMS）：Effectively manages and controls the environmental aspects and impacts resulting from an organisations activities,products and services.It should carefully consider environmental aspects,legal requirements,any existing practice
5、s and any previous accidents or incidents arising from the organisations activities,products and services.During the planning phase of the EMS the most significant environmental aspects should be listed and ranked alongside legal criteria.Internal performance criteria and objectives and targets shou
6、ld be set based on the outcome this review to develop a comprehensive management programme which can be easily tracked and reported on.当组织进行作业，生产产品和提供服务时，会给环境造成各种影响，对这些影响进行有效管理并控制。需要认真考虑影响环境的各个方面、法律要求、任何现行的惯例做法，以及任何之前发生的事故和事件。在环境管理系统（EMS）的规划阶段，应列出最重要的环境影响方面和影响等级，并在旁边标注出法律规定。应回顾事故和事件，制定内部执行标准及目标和指标，建
7、立起一个综合性的管理计划，这个计划易于追溯和报告。Top management need to provide sufficient resource and funding and should be prepared to commit to a programme of continuous improvement.The improvement programme should develop environmental performance indicators(EPIs)which can be measured and controlled and can be easily
8、tracked and reviewed at regular intervals.最高管理需要提供充足的资源和资金，保证管理计划的实施和不断改善。改善计划应能促进环境绩效指标（EPIs）的执行，保证环境绩效指标（EPIs）每隔一段时间可以进行测量和控制。3Brief recap简要回顾Two standards:ISO 14001 and ISO 14004两个标准：ISO 14001标准和 ISO 14004标准ISO 14004 follows the same model as I4001 and is based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)model
9、.The model for continuous improvement is the same!ISO 14004标准与14001标准使用同样的模型，共同依据计划计划执行执行检查检查行动（行动（PDCA）模型。使用该模型可以保证系统不断的完善。ISO 14004 is less onerous than ISO 14001 and does not require external verificationISO 14004标准与ISO 14001标准相比较，ISO 14001标准较为繁重，而ISO 14004标准无需外部审核。ISO 14004 has more simplified g
10、uidance and is probably the better option for SMEs,at least initiallyISO 14004标准有更为简化的指南，尤其适用于中小企业（SMEs），特别是在起步阶段。4检查不断改善环境政策实施与运作计划管理评审Leadership and commitment from top management最高管理的领导和授权方式We have seen from the examples given in previous sessions that it is essential for top management to establ
11、ish and commit to an environmental policy which covers its activities,products and services.This policy is the starting point for any successful EMS.在之前的培训课程中，已经给出了很多的例子，最高管理应制定并实施环境政策，并将该环境政策贯彻到作业，生产产品和提供服务过程中。环境政策的制定是环境管理系统（EMS）成功的第一步。Some extracts from policy statements:环境政策的节选：UK Coal(deep minin
12、g and opencast)commitments to:英国煤炭作业（深部和露天开采）恪守以下承诺：Minimise pollution and comply with environmental legislation,and any agreements with external organisations in order to comply with ISO 14001.污染最小化并遵守环境法规污染最小化并遵守环境法规，与外部组织签订的任何协议应执行ISO 14001标准。Maintain certification of environmental management sys
13、tems to international standards at all mines,and progress certification in other areas of the business.保证所有煤矿的环境管理系统的认证保证所有煤矿的环境管理系统的认证符合国际标准，完成相关业务其他领域的认证工作。Set and regularly review objectives and targets to achieve continual improvement in environmental performance,including a reduction in the use
14、 of natural resources.设定评审目标和指标评审目标和指标，并经常进行评审，保证环境绩效的不断改善，包括减少使用自然资源。Use the principles of sustainable development to design new projects and restore completed sites to include long-term environmental or community benefits.贯彻实施可持续发展原则，设计新项目，并恢复已采煤矿，实现长效环境和社会效益。Provide access to contact us about env
15、ironmental issues,and give a prompt response.保证畅通的环境问题沟通机制，对环境问题及时响应。Ensure this policy is communicated to all employees,contractors and suppliers.保证该环境政策环境政策传达至所有员工、承包商和供应商所有员工、承包商和供应商。Encourage the efficient use of coal with minimum emissions.鼓励煤矿的高效使用和最低的排放煤矿的高效使用和最低的排放。Maximise the use of other
16、natural resources recovered with the coal.最大化使用最大化使用其他的自然资源其他的自然资源，恢复煤矿。5Policy政策 Policy developed for opencast mines and other projects:针对露天矿和其他项目制定的政策：针对露天矿和其他项目制定的政策：1.To assess the environmental performance of individual projectsoperated by the Banks Group through a programme of audits andmonito
17、ring.1.由Banks Group公司通过审核和检测程序审核和检测程序对单个项目进行环境绩效评估。2.To ensure continuous improvement of the environmental managementsystem and maintain certification to the BS EN ISO 14001:2004standard.2.保证环境管理系统的不断完善不断完善，并保证BS EN ISO 14001:2004标准的认证。3.To ensure that Banks projects are designed,developed and opera
18、tedincorporating measures to optimise benefits for the environment andthe local community and to prevent adverse impacts associated withour activities.3.确保Banks所有项目的设计、开发和实施的整合措施可以优化环境效益和当地效益环境效益和当地效益，并且避免作业所带来的不利影响。4.To strive to achieve standards above those required by environmentallegislation an
19、d to achieve the environmental and sustainableobjectives and actions set down in each projects environmentalmanagement plan.4.竭尽全力恪守环境法规，并应用更为严格的标准应用更为严格的标准；每一个项目的环境管理计划，应当实现环境的可持续发展目标，并采取行动可持续发展目标，并采取行动。5.To ensure that energy and natural resources are used efficiently,to minimise wastes for all pr
20、ojects and offices and to incorporatesustainable principles in the way we conduct our business.5.确保使用能源和自然资源的高效性使用能源和自然资源的高效性，所有项目和施工单位应减少制造废物，作业时应始终贯彻可持续发展的原则。6.To communicate the requirements of this policy and to make surethat additional copies of the policy and individual project environmentalma
21、nagement plans are made available to all employees,any suppliersand contractors whose actions could have a significant environmentalimpact and to the public or any other interested parties that requestsuch information.6.将环境政策的要求进行传达传达，确保将环境政策和单个项目的环境管理计划文本进行复印，将其传达到所有员工；如果任何供应商和承包商采取的行动会对环境造成重要影响，并对
22、公众造成影响，或对任何其他相关方造成影响，则需提供此类信息。6Available resource and training可用资源和培训Sufficient trained resource must be made available at the outset to implement,manage and maintain the system.All levels of the organisation must have a basic environmental awareness training and a trainer should be appointed who is
23、 familiar with EMS standards.从一开始就必须准备充足的培训资源，用以实施、管理并维系环境管理系统的运行。所有组织的各个层面必须具备基本的环境意识环境意识培训知识；应指定一位熟悉环境管理系统（EMS）的培训人员。Environmental awareness training should cover:环境意识培训包括：Legal requirements(permits,consents etc.)-essentially the licence to operate法律要求（许可、同意，等等.）-最基本的经营执照General principles of poll
24、ution and pollution control and the principle of:污染的总体原则及污染控制，和以下原则：Source Pathway Receptor来源-途径-受体Mining specific issues:采煤具体情况：Minewater and mine gas矿井水和矿井瓦斯Dust粉尘Waste management废物管理Energy management能源管理Transport运输Noise and vibration噪音和震动Mine Closure矿山关闭Restoration修复Ecology生态 Emergency preparedne
25、ss and response应急准备和响应 EMS basicsEMS基本要素7Resource requirement资源需求The organisation should determine and make available appropriate resources to establish,implement,maintain and improve the Environmental Management System(EMS).These resources should be provided in a timely and efficient manner.应当确定并使用
26、适当的适当的资源，建立、实施、维持并改善环境管理系统（EMS）。这些资源应当及时有效。For the EMS to be effective there must be commitment from top management and the workforce must embrace and own the EMS to ensure success保证环境管理系统（EMS）的有效性，一定需要最高管理的决心，必须配备足够的人力来实施，并建立符合自身需求的环境管理系统（EMS），从而才能保证环境管理系统（EMS）的成功。A Management Representative needs
27、to be appointed for overall control and administration of the EMS and the nominated person must be have sufficient authority,awareness and competence to establish and improve the system and to report to top management on opportunities for improvement应指定一个管理代表，负责环境管理系统（EMS）整体的控制和管理；所指定的管理代表必须有足够的权威、意
28、识和能力来建立，并改善环境管理系统（EMS），向最高管理层报告，以求不断对系统进行改善。In some organisations the environmental resource is often combined with Heath and Safety functions to provide a comprehensive Environmental,Heath and Safety(EHS)function.在一些组织机构中，环境资源往往与健康和安全功能相关联；因此，环境资源应当提供一个综合性的环境、健康和安全（EHS）功能。8Funding for EMS implement
29、ationEMS实施基金Top Management must provide sufficient funding to establish and maintain the EMS and to make improvements to the system and to equipment高层管理应给予充足的基金，用以建立并维持环境管理系统（EMS），对该系统和设备进行改善；Certification to 14001 and external verification of the EMS will cost around 6000 per annum to maintain14001
30、认证及环境管理系统（EMS）的外部审核费用为6000 每年；Funding will be required for any additional resource任何额外其他资源需要资金支持；Funding will be required for any mitigation,monitoring and measuring,any new technology etc.任何缓解措施、检测和测量，以及新科技的引用均需要资金支持。9Where to start and how to grow the systemEMS如何开始，如何发展？Start with an Initial Revie
31、w gather as much data as possible and use as a baseline从先期审查开始-尽可能多的搜集数据，并使用收集的数据作为基础List all suppliers,customers and contractors and check their environmental credentials列出所有的供应商、客户和承包商；检查他们的环保证明Make a list of aspects and impacts and use a matrix to determine their significance列出所有涉及的方面和影响，使用矩阵，确定他
32、们各自的重要性重要性Write a policy statement and get a“sign off”from top management(CEO or similar)写出环境政策声明，并获得高层管理层的“签字保证”（CEO或同等级别管理人员）Consider what objectives and targets to set for the coming year and set the timescale考虑来年的目标和指标，并设定时间表Start off with simple objectives which can be relatively easy to achiev
33、e sometimes referred to as“easy wins”or“low hanging fruit”.This builds confidence in the system and gets employees in the right mindset先由简单的目标开始，因为简单的目标比较容易实现-有时被称为“容易的成功”或“能够到的果子”。通过简单的目标，可以在系统中建立起自信心，让所有员工树立起正确的心态；Use SMART(described in next slide)for setting objectives and targets使用SMART（见下页），建立目
34、标和指标；Dont overstretch initially开始阶段，不要要求过高；Ensure good documentation and records are in place for auditing purposes保证良好的文件编制和记录，以供审计之用；Build teams and set dates for internal audits组建团队，并设定日期进行内部审计；Ensure corrective action can be attained in a reasonable timescale确保在合理的时间内完成矫正措施；Set a date and a time
35、 for the Management Review设定管理评审的日期和时间。10Setting meaningful Objectives and Targets设定有意义的目标和指标Use SMART goals使用SMART目标：Specific具体Measurable可测量Attainable or Achievable可实现Realistic实事求是Timely 及时响应11What is Specific?什么是具体?Specific:A specific goal has a much greater chance of being accomplished than a gen
36、eral goal.To set a specific goal you must answer the six“W”questions:具体：一个具体的目标，与一个总体目标相比较，更易于实现。设定一个具体的目标，必须回答6个问题：*Who:Who is involved?相关方：谁是相关方？*What:What do I want to accomplish?做什么：我想要实现什么？*Where:Identify a location.哪里：确定一个位置。*When:Establish a time frame.时间：建立一个时间框架；*Which:Identify requirements
37、 and constraints.哪一些：确定需求和约束条件；*Why:Specific reasons,purpose or benefits of accomplishing the goal.为什么：实现目标的具体原因、目的和效益；EXAMPLE:A general goal would be“Establish an EMS”.A specific goal would be“Install an EMS at the mine to ISO 14004 by the end of 2014”例如：一个总体目标位“建立一个环境管理系统（EMS）；而一个具体的目标为“截止到2014年年底
38、，在煤矿单位建立一个符合14004标准的环境管理系统（EMS）”。12What is Measurable?什么是可测量？Measurable-Establish concrete criteria for measuring progress toward the attainment of each goal you set.可测量-指建立一个具体的标准，用以衡量每个设定目标的进展状况。When you measure your progress,you stay on track,reach your target dates,and experience the sense of ac
39、hievement that spurs you on to continued effort required to reach your goal.进行进展状况测量时，开始实现目标，依照目标日期开始实现目标，依照目标日期，并获得成就的满足感，激发完成目标的不断努力，以达目标。To determine if your goal is measurable,ask questions such as确定目标是否为可测量目标，需要问如下的问题.How much?How many?多少？How will I know when it is accomplished?怎么知道目标什么时候达成？Dec
40、ide what the metrics will be.If you cant measure you can not control!确定度量值。如果无法测量，则意味着无法控制！EXAMPLE:How many tonnes of water are used per tonne of output例如：一公吨的产出需要使用多少公吨的水？13What is Attainable?什么是可实现？Attainable-Almost any goal is attainable when you plan your steps wisely and establish a time frame
41、that allows you to carry out those steps.可实现-几乎任何目标都是可以实现的，关键在于是否合理规划，并且建立起一个时间框架，在确定的时间完成了计划的目标。The goal must be attainable in the timeframe stated otherwise it becomes meaningless and the EMS and its owners lose credibility 如果在时间框架内无法完成目标，目标则丧失了意义；环境管理系统（EMS）及其所有者都将丧失了可信性；EXAMPLE:A company report
42、on Environmental Performance will be given annually starting in Quarter 1 2015例如：从2015年第一季度开始，应每年提交环境绩效的公司报告。Note:If this cant be achieved then it should not be proposed!注释：如果这一报告无法提交，则不应当有提交该报告的提议！14What is Realistic?什么是实事求是Realistic-To be realistic,a goal must represent an objective which you know
43、 can be achieved within the availability of knowledge and time e.g.Something that has been done by others in a similar industry实事求是-在于目标在认知和时间把控上，必须是已知可实现的目标。如：在类似行业中，其他人曾做过。EXAMPLE:Dust suppression when loading lorries carrying coal例如：装载卡车运输煤炭时应进行防尘处理15What is Timely?什么是及时响应？Timely-Enough time to a
44、chieve the goal及时响应-实现目标的足够时间Is there a time limit Legal requirement?Not too much time otherwise the objective can not be achieved.If a legal requirement this becomes a system non-conformance.是否有时间限制-该时间限制是法规要求？需要足够的时间来完成目标。如果一个法律要求与系统不符。EXAMPLE:A lorry wheel and body wash will be installed by Janua
45、ry 2015.例如：截止2015年1月，将安装一个卡车车轮，并对车身进行清洗。16The need for good documentation and traceability良好的文件编制和追溯性The need for key registers and manuals needs to decided for auditing and traceability purposes确定主要登记信息和手册，以便审核并追溯Some examples of the types of documents that are required:所需文件类型，例如：Legal register法定登记
46、Document describing the activities,products and services 描述作业、产品和服务的文件；The Environmental Policy环境政策；Aspects and impacts register(risk register)方面和影响登记信息（风险登记）；Current Objectives and Targets当前目标和指标；Environmental Assurance Manual环保手册；Environmental Procedures Manual环境程序手册；Results of environmental monit
47、oring&monitoring trends air,water and land环境监测和监测趋势结果-空气、水和土地；Incident/Accident reports事件/事故报告；Audit reports internal and external审计报告-内部审计报告和外部审计报告Complaints register投诉登记These documents can be hard copy or saved electronically Consider SAFE and number of years for storage normally 5 years minimum 这
48、些文件可以是硬拷贝，或者电子保存-要考虑安全和文件存贮的年数-最低通常为5年。17Examples of best practice最佳实践案例18Many examples of best practice from UK for deep mines and opencast mines.英国深度和露天煤矿开采的最佳实践案例。Examples include:案例包括：Methane capture and reuse in the community or for small power generation收集沼气，社区进行再次使用，或者进行发电；Waste treatment废物处理
49、Water treatment水处理Dust suppression防尘Noise and vibration reduction降低噪音和震动Reduction of visible impact减少可见影响Mine closure矿山关闭Restoration恢复Post closure monitoring矿山关闭后监测EMS implementation实施环境管理系统（EMS）Environmental reporting环境报告Community liaison社区联络Community benefit 社区效益The value of the Management Review管
50、理审核的价值19At least once per year the EMS should be reviewed in the presence of top management高层管理至少每年应对环境管理系统（EMS）进行审核；Objective:to evaluate the EMS continuing suitability,adequacy and effectiveness目标：评估环境管理系统（EMS）的适用性、充足性和有效性。Some of the key points to cover are:主要包括：Review performance against previou
