1、Grammar RevisionGrammar Revision分词做状语分词做状语和和独立主格结构独立主格结构分分词词做状做状语语V-ing 作状语作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的相当于一个对应的状语从句状语从句所表达的所表达的意思意思.1._（walk）in the street,I came across an old friend.When.2._(be)ill,he didnt go to school.Because3._(use)your head,you will find
2、 a way.If We were sitting by the window,_(talk)about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）His parents died,_(leave)him an orphan.Having met him for many times,she decided to help him out.After she had met him for many times,1.v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，需用生在主句谓语动作之前，需用having done,被动形式被
3、动形式 having been done2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致；句主语保持一致；3.否定式直接在分词前加否定式直接在分词前加notNot knowing her address,we had to get in touch with her._(finish)the class,she went home._(catch)on the spot,the thief had to admit his crime.Ved 作状语作状语 1.过去分词作状语，表示过去分词作状语，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴
4、随情况等。等。过去分词的过去分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语_(see)from space,the earth looks blue.When it is_(keep)in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.If they areDeeply _(move)by the story,the children began to cry.过去完成时 1.定义：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。2.结构：结构：had done 被动
5、：被动：had been doneI had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night。I thought I had seen him before.与分词作状语交叉与分词作状语交叉After she had finished the office work,she came to the sitting room and relaxed.Having finished the office work,she Practice 1._ from heart trouble for years,Professor White ha
6、s to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having sufferedD.Being suffered 2.He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hopedB.hoping C.to hopeD.hope 3.While building a tunnel through the mountain,_.A.an underground lake was discovered B.there was an undergro
7、und lake discovered C.a lake was discovered underground D.the workers discovered an underground lake4.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing5._ in the queue for h
8、alf an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To waitB.Have waited C.Having waitedD.To have waited6.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given7.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.
9、being invited D.having invited 7._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 独立主格结构独立主格结构 1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。2.特点特点1）独立主格结构的）独立主格结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语与与句子的主语不句子的主语不同同，它独立存
10、在。，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定不定 式，介词等是式，介词等是主谓关系主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。3.结构结构名词/主格代词+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/不定式不定式/形容词形容词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语There being+名词/代词It being+名词/代词 The girl _(stare)at him(=As the girl stared at him),he didnt know what to say.Time _(permit)(=If
11、 time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.The problems_(solve)(=As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.独立主格与状语从句的转换独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的当状语从句的主语主语与与主句的主语不同主句的主语不同时时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但但不再保留连词不再保留连词。After class was over，the students soon left the classroom.Class be
12、ing over/Class over He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.His mother（being）ill,he had to stay home to look after her.The meeting（being）over,they all went home.being（或（或having been）不能省略的情形不能省略的情形(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。It being SundayIt being Sunday,we went to church.(2)在There beingThere
13、being名名词词/代代词词的的结构结构中中。There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.Our English teacher came into the classroom,book in hand.n/pron+介词短语结构中，介词短语结构中，n/pron前不可用前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词（冠词或形容词性物主代词（his，her，our）Practice 1.The cave _ very dark,he lit some candles _ light.A.was;given B.was;to give C.being;given D.
14、being;to give2.The soldier rushed into the cave,his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat.A held;covered B.holding;covering C.holding;covered D.held;covering 3.The girl in the snapshot（快照）（快照）was smiling sweetly,her long hair _.A.flowed in the breeze B.was flowing in the breeze C.were flowing
15、 in the breeze D.flowing in the breeze 4.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished 5._,we went home.A.Our homework had been finishedB.Our homework having been finished C.Our homework finishing D.Our homework been
16、finished6.The meeting_,he went back to his company.A.Over B.had over C.was over D.have been over7._,he put on his coat.A.It being cold B.It coldC.Being cold D.It having been cold8.Time _,we shall visit the zoo.A.been permitting B.permitting C.permitted D.havingbeen permitted9._,we have to get down t
17、o business right away A.There was no time left B.There is no time left C.There being no time left D.There to be no time left 10.She stood there,_ from her cheeks.A.tears rolling down B.tears rolled down C.with tears rolled down D.tears rolling down11.The boy stood before the roasted duck,his eyes _ on it and his mouth _.A.were fixed,was watered B.fixed,watering C.fixed,watered D.were fixing,was watering12._ Sunday,the library is closed.A.Being B.It being C.There being D.It isHomework Do more exercises to consolidate absolute structure and participles as adverbials.
