1、W A N O P A R I S C E N T R ENuclear Safety Messages in the WPC FlashThe Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture健康的的核安全文化核安全文化特征特征Gatan Le Corvec,Jol Goubeaux,and Tellervo TaipaleAugust 2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture健康的核安全文化特征健康的核安全文化特征(PL 2013-1)Individual Commitment to Safet
2、y个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺 Personal Accountability PA个人个人责责任任 Questioning Attitude QA质疑的态度 Safety Communication CO对安全的沟通Management Commitment to Safety 管理者对安全的承诺 Leadership Accountability LA领导者责任 Decision-Making DM决策 Respectful Work Environment WE 尊重人的工作环境Management Systems 管理体系 Continuous Learning CL持续学习 Pr
3、oblem Identification and Resolution PI 问题识别与解决 Environment for Raising Concerns RC有利于提出关注的工作氛有利于提出关注的工作氛围围 Work Processes WP 工作过程26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture2JolGoubeaux Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Personal Accountability个人个人责责任任1/3All individuals take p
4、ersonal responsibility for safety.Responsibility and authority for nuclear safety are well defined and clearly understood.Reporting relationships,positional authority and team responsibilities emphasise the overriding importance of nuclear safety.所有个人均承担核安全的所有个人均承担核安全的责责任。任。核安全的责任和权力有明确界定，并被清晰理解。汇报关
5、系、岗位授权、团队的职责都强调核安全高于一切的重要性。The first attribute is about the Standards:第一属性关于“标准”。Individuals need to understand the importance of adhering to nuclear standards.All levels of the organisation exercise accountability for shortfalls in meeting these standards.员工个人理解遵守核相关标准的重要性。组织中各级人员的工作如达不到标准将被问责。26.8
6、.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture3JolGoubeaux Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Personal Accountability个人个人责责任任2/3All individuals take personal responsibility for safety.Responsibility and authority for nuclear safety are well defined and clearly understood.Reporting r
7、elationships,positional authority and team responsibilities emphasise the overriding importance of nuclear safety.所有个人均承担核安全的所有个人均承担核安全的责责任。任。核安全的责任和权力有明确界定，并被清晰理解。汇报关系、岗位授权、团队的职责都强调核安全高于一切的重要性。The second attribute is about the Job Ownership,第二属性关于工作主人翁精神Individuals understand and demonstrate person
8、al responsibility for the behaviours and work practices that support nuclear safety.个人理解并展现支持核安全的行为和工作实践两方面的责任心。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture4JolGoubeaux Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Personal Accountability个人个人责责任任3/3All individuals take personal responsib
9、ility for safety.Responsibility and authority for nuclear safety are well defined and clearly understood.Reporting relationships,positional authority and team responsibilities emphasise the overriding importance of nuclear safety.所有个人均承担所有个人均承担核安全的核安全的责责任。任。核安全的责任和权力有明确界定，并被清晰理解。汇报关系、岗位授权、团队的职责都强调核安
10、全高于一切的重要性。The third attribute is about the Teamwork:第三属性关于团队协作。Individuals and work groups communicate and coordinate their activities within and across organisational boundaries to ensure nuclear safety is maintained.个人间和各工作组间主动沟通和协调组织边界内和跨越组织边界的工作活动，以确保核安全。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear
11、Safety Culture5JolGoubeaux Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Questioning Attitude 质疑的态度1/4Individuals avoid complacency and continuously challenge existing conditions,assumptions,anomalies and activities to identify discrepancies that might result in errors or inappropriate actions.All
12、employees are watchful for assumptions,values,conditions or activities that can have an undesirable effect on plant safety.个人避免个人避免自自满满，不断挑，不断挑战现战现有的各种状有的各种状态态、假、假设设、异常和活、异常和活动动，以，以识别识别可能可能导导致致错误错误或不当行或不当行为为的偏差。的偏差。所有员工都警惕可能对核电厂的安全造成不良影响的各种假设、数值、条件或活动。The first attribute is about the Nuclear is Reco
13、gnised as Special and Unique:第一属性关于承认核能的特殊性和独特性。Individuals understand that complex technologies can fail in unpredictable ways.个人理解核能这种复杂的技术可能以不可预知的方式失效。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 6Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Questioning Attitude 质疑的态度2/4In
14、dividuals avoid complacency and continuously challenge existing conditions,assumptions,anomalies and activities to identify discrepancies that might result in errors or inappropriate actions.All employees are watchful for assumptions,values,conditions or activities that can have an undesirable effec
15、t on plant safety.个人避免自个人避免自满满，不，不断挑断挑战现战现有的各种状有的各种状态态、假、假设设、异常和活、异常和活动动，以，以识别识别可能可能导导致致错误错误或或不当行不当行为为的偏差。的偏差。所有员工都警惕可能对核电厂的安全造成不良影响的各种假设、数值、条件或活动。The second attribute is about Challenge the Unknown:第二属性关于质疑未知：Individuals stop when faced with uncertain conditions.Risks are evaluated and managed befo
16、re work proceeds.个人在面临着不确定的条件时停止工作。在工作进行前先进行风险评估和管理。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 7Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Questioning Attitude 质疑的态度 3/4Individuals avoid complacency and continuously challenge existing conditions,assumptions,anomalies and
17、activities to identify discrepancies that might result in errors or inappropriate actions.All employees are watchful for assumptions,values,conditions or activities that can have an undesirable effect on plant safety.个人避免自个人避免自满满，不，不断挑断挑战现战现有的各种状有的各种状态态、假、假设设、异常和活、异常和活动动，以，以识别识别可能可能导导致致错误错误或或不当行不当行为
18、为的偏差。的偏差。所有员工都警惕可能对核电厂的安全造成不良影响的各种假设、数值、条件或活动。The third attribute is about Challenge Assumptions:第三属性关于质疑假设：Individuals challenge assumptions and offer opposing views when they believe something is not correct.当相信事情不正确时，个人敢于挑战假设，并提出反对的意见。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoub
19、eaux 8Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Questioning Attitude 质疑的态度 4/4Individuals avoid complacency and continuously challenge existing conditions,assumptions,anomalies and activities to identify discrepancies that might result in errors or inappropriate actions.All employees are watchf
20、ul for assumptions,values,conditions or activities that can have an undesirable effect on plant safety.个人避免自个人避免自满满，不，不断挑断挑战现战现有的各种状有的各种状态态、假、假设设、异常和活、异常和活动动，以，以识别识别可能可能导导致致错误错误或或不当行不当行为为的偏差。的偏差。所有员工都警惕可能对核电厂的安全造成不良影响的各种假设、数值、条件或活动。The fourth attribute is about Avoiding Complacency:第四属性关于避免自满。Indivi
21、duals recognise and plan for the possibility of mistakes,latent issues and inherent risk,even while expecting successful outcomes.个人识别失误的可能性、潜在的问题和固有的风险，做好应对计划，即使可以预期到成功的结果。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 9Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Safety Commu
22、nication 安全沟通 1/4Good communications maintain a focus on nuclear safety.Safety communication is broad and includes plant-level communication,job-related communication,worker-level communication,equipment labelling,operating experience,and documentation.好的好的沟通沟通保持保持对对核核安全安全的重点的重点关注。关注。安全方面的沟通是广泛的，包括电
23、厂层面、工作相关、工作人员层面、设备标识、运行经验和文件等相关的沟通。Leaders use formal and informal communication to convey the importance of nuclear safety.The flow of information up the organisation is viewed as just as important as the flow of information down the organisation.领导层运用正式和非正式的沟通传达核安全的重要性。组织间自下而上的信息流动与自上而下的信息传达一样重要。T
24、he first attribute is about the Work Process Communications:第一属性关于工作过程沟通：Individuals incorporate safety communications in work activities.个人将对安全的沟通纳入工作活动。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 10Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Safety Communication 安全沟通 2/4G
25、ood communications maintain a focus on nuclear safety.Safety communication is broad and includes plant-level communication,job-related communication,worker-level communication,equipment labelling,operating experience,and documentation.好的好的沟通保持沟通保持对对核核安全的重点关注。安全的重点关注。安全方面的沟通是广泛的，包括电厂层面、工作相关、工作人员层面、设备
26、标识、运行经验和文件等相关的沟通。The second attribute is about the Bases for Decisions:第二属性关于决策依据：Leaders ensure that the bases for operational and organisational decisions are communicated in a timely manner.领导者确保及时沟通运行和组织决策的依据。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 11Individual Commitm
27、ent to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Safety Communication 安全沟通 3/4Good communications maintain a focus on nuclear safety.Safety communication is broad and includes plant-level communication,job-related communication,worker-level communication,equipment labelling,operating experience,and documentation.好好的的沟通
28、保持沟通保持对对核核安全的重点关注。安全的重点关注。安全方面的沟通是广泛的，包括电厂层面、工作相关、工作人员层面、设备标识、运行经验和文件等相关的沟通。The third attribute is about the Free Flow of Information:第三属性关于信息自由流通：Individuals communicate openly and candidly,both up,down and across the organisation and with oversight,audit and regulatory organisations.个人公开和坦诚地沟通，无论向
29、上、向下、在整个组织间，以及与监督、监查和监管机构。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 12Individual Commitment to Safety个人个人对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Safety Communication 安全沟通 4/4Good communications maintain a focus on nuclear safety.Safety communication is broad and includes plant-level communication,job-r
30、elated communication,worker-level communication,equipment labelling,operating experience,and documentation.好的好的沟通保持沟通保持对对核核安全的重点关注。安全的重点关注。安全方面的沟通是广泛的，包括电厂层面、工作相关、工作人员层面、设备标识、运行经验和文件等相关的沟通。The fourth attribute is about the Expectations:第四属性关于期望：Leaders frequently communicate and reinforce the expect
31、ation that nuclear safety is the organisations overriding priority.领导者经常沟通和强化期望：核安全是组织的重中之重。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 13Management Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 1/8 Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in
32、their decisions and behaviours.Executives and senior managers are the leading advocates of nuclear safety and demonstrate their commitment both in word and action.The nuclear safety message is communicated frequently and consistently,occasionally as a stand-alone theme.Leaders throughout the nuclear
33、 organisation set an example for safety.Corporate policies emphasise the overriding importance of nuclear safety.领导领导者者在在决策和行决策和行为为中体中体现现出出对对安安全的全的承承诺诺。高高级执级执行行层层及高级管理人员是核安全的带领倡导者，在言语和行动中展现他们安全第一的承诺。对核安全信息经常和一贯地进行交流，并有时被作为一个独立的交流主题。组织各层级领导以身作则，建立核安全榜样。公司各项政策强调核安全高于一切的重要性。The first attribute is about
34、 the Resources:第一属性关于资源 Leaders ensure that personnel,equipment,procedures and other resources are available and adequate to support nuclear safety.领导层确保人员、设备、程序和其它资源可用并足以支持核安全。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture14JolGoubeaux Management Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Lead
35、ership Accountability 领导责任 2/8 Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisions and behaviours.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中体中体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The second attribute is about the Field Presence:第二属性关于现场巡视：Leaders are commonly seen in working areas of the plant observing,coaching and reinfo
36、rcing standards and expectations.Deviations from standards and expectations are corrected promptly.领导者经常下现场，进行工作活动的观察、辅导，强化核安全标准和期望，及时纠正偏离标准和期望的任何偏差。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureJolGoubeaux 15Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisions and behaviou
37、rs.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中中体体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The third Attribute is about the Incentives,Sanctions and Rewards:第三属性关于激励、奖励和惩罚 Leaders ensure incentives,sanctions and rewards are aligned with nuclear safety policies and reinforce behaviours and outcomes that reflect nuclear safety as the overriding prio
38、rity.领导者确保激励奖惩与核安全政策一致，并强化反映核安全第一的人员行为和结果表现。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureManagement Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 3/8 JolGoubeaux 16Leaders throughout the nuclear organisation set an example for safety.组织各层级领导以身作则，建立核安全榜样。Fourth Attri
39、bute is about the Strategic Commitment to Safety:第四属性关于对安全的战略性承诺 Leaders ensure plant priorities are aligned to reflect nuclear safety as the overriding priority.领导者保证电站优先事项排序反映了核安全第一。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety CultureManagement Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership
40、Accountability 领导责任 4/8 JolGoubeaux 17Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisions and behaviours.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中体中体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The fifth Attribute is about the Change Management:第五属性关于变更管理 Leaders use a systematic process for evaluating and implementing change so t
41、hat nuclear safety remains the overriding priority.领导者使用系统的流程来评估和实施变更，以保持核安全第一。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture18Management Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 5/8 JolGoubeaux Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisio
42、ns and behaviours.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中体中体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The sixth attribute is about the Roles,Responsibilities and Authorities:第六属性关于角色、职责及授权 Leaders clearly define roles,responsibilities and authorities to help ensure nuclear safety.领导者清楚地定义人员的角色、责任和授权，以确保核安全。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nucl
43、ear Safety CultureManagement Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 6/8 JolGoubeaux 19The leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisions and behaviours.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中体中体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The seventh attribute is about the Constant Examination
44、:第七属性关于持续检查 Leaders ensure that nuclear safety is constantly scrutinised through a variety of monitoring techniques,including assessments of nuclear safety culture.领导者确保不断通过各种监测技术，包括核安全文化评估，来仔细检查核安全水平。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture20Management Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全
45、的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 7/8 JolGoubeaux Leaders demonstrate a commitment to nuclear safety in their decisions and behaviours.领导领导者者在决策和行在决策和行为为中中体体现现出出对对安全的承安全的承诺诺。The eighth attribute is about the Leader Behaviours:第八属性关于领导行为 Leaders exhibit behaviours that set the standard for safet
46、y.领导者表现出与设定的核安全标准相符的行为。26.8.2016The Traits of a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture21Management Commitment to Safety 管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺Leadership Accountability 领导责任 8/8 JolGoubeaux Management Commitment to Safety管理者管理者对对安全的安全的承承诺诺 Decision-Making 决策 1/3Decisions that support or affect nuclear safety are
47、 systematic,rigorous and thorough.Operators are vested with the authority and understand the expectation,when faced with unexpected or uncertain conditions,to place the plant in a safe condition.Senior leaders support and reinforce such conservative decisions.支持或影支持或影响核安全的决策是系响核安全的决策是系统统的、的、严谨严谨的和考的
48、和考虑虑周到的周到的。当遇到意外的或不确定的工况时，操纵员得到授权并理解安全期望，将电站置于安全状态。高层领导者支持和强调保守决策。The first attribute is about the Consistent Process:第一属性关于一致的过程 Individuals use a consistent,systematic approach to make decisions.Risk insights are incorporated,as appropriate.每个人使用一致的、系统性的方法进行决策。酌情将风险审视纳入决策过程。26.8.2016The Traits of
49、a Healthy Nuclear Safety Culture22JolGoubeaux Management Commitment to Safety管理者管理者对对安全的承安全的承诺诺 Decision-Making 决策 2/3Decisions that support or affect nuclear safety are systematic,rigorous and thorough.支持或影响核安全的支持或影响核安全的决策是系决策是系统统的、的、严谨严谨的和考的和考虑虑周到的。周到的。The second attribute is about the Conservativ
50、e Bias:第二属性关于保守的倾向 Individuals use decision-making practices that emphasise prudent choices over those that are simply allowable.For example,a proposed action is determined to be safe before proceeding,rather than determined to be unsafe before stopping.个人在决策中强调谨慎选择的做法，而不是简单地允许或接受。例如：一项建议的行动在执行前被视为是
