1、初高中英语衔接2022-9-12主要的语法知识点1、词性分类及其用法2、句子成分与八种简单句3、并列句4、复合句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句）2022-9-121、词性分类及其用法2022-9-121.名词名词 (n.)Lucy,computer,.2.冠词（冠词（art.)a,an,the3.代词（代词（pron.)he,she,it,everyone4.数词（数词（num.)one,first,three,third.5.形容词形容词(adj.)handsome,hot.6.动词（动词（v.)sing,sit,run.say.7.副词（副词（adv.)slowly,quickly8.介词
2、（介词（prep.)in,on,at,of,with9.连词（连词（conj.)and,or,but1.词性数词介词代词动词连词冠词形容词副词2022-9-12名词2022-9-121、He should be louder to the runners,but he still couldnt make _ heard.A.him B.himself C.them D.themselves2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river.A.every B.both C.either D.all 3.She has three goo
3、d friends.One is a doctor;_ are teachers of Chinese.A.another B.the other two C.other D.others 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _(idea).2.I often go to work on _.(feet).3.Are there any _ in the box?(watch)4.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)5.The girl under the tree is
4、a friend of _.(Lucy)ideasfootwatchesminutesLucysB2 2、句子成份、句子成份2022-9-12主语、动词谓语、宾语、表语、主语、动词谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。定语、状语、补语、同位语。作用：学会判断句子成分对学习长难句很有帮助，英语句子的构成有其规律，掌握句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。2022-9-121、主语(Subject）：句子说明的人或事物。We study in No.1 Senior High School.2、谓语(Predicate-V)：动作，一般是动词。(句子当中，主、谓
5、不可缺！）Both of us like reading English books.3、宾语(Object-O)：动作的承受者。间接宾语(IO),直接宾语(DO).4、表语(Predicative-P)：与连系动词连用，一起构成谓语，是对主语的表述。Her father is a dentist.You look tired.2022-9-121、主语：句子说明的人或事物。English is widely used around the whole world.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To
6、see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in the public places.What he needs is a book.名词数词不定式动名词句子代词2022-9-122、谓语：由动词/动词短语充当。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式构成复合谓语。Action speaks louder than words.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.简单谓语复合谓语2022-9-123、表语：它的位置是在连系动词（be动词，感官动词feel,smell,taste,look,sou
7、nd；表示变化的动词become,get,turn,go,grow,及表持续的动词remain,keep,stay)之后。是用来说明主语的性质，状态或特征的。1.My father is a professor.(n.名词)2.Whos that?Its me.(pron.代词)3.Everything here is expensive.(adj.形容词)4.Seeing is believing.(动名词V-ing)5.The picture is on the wall.(介词短语）6.His plan is to seek work in the city.（不定式）7.Three t
8、imes five is fifteen.（数词）8.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（句子）2022-9-124、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词/动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语1.I like English.（名词）2.I dont like it.（代词）3.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）4.Give me four please.（数词)5.He wants to swim in summer.(不定式）6.He says that you are right.（句子）202
9、2-9-125、定语(Attribute-Att)：用来修饰名词或代词。We have eight lessons from Monday to Friday.6、状语(Adverbial-A)：对动词或全句进行修饰的成分,表动作发生的时间、地点等。He works very hard.7、补语(Complement-C)：补充说明主语或宾语的成分。She always keeps the house clean.(宾补OC)The door was painted white.(主补SO）8、同位语：即“同等位置”，以一个名词来解释说明另一个名词或代词。We four must go now
10、.我们四个现在必须走了。Mr.Wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us this Sunday.我孩子的老师（王老师），这个周日要来看我们。2 2、简单句基本句型、简单句基本句型主语主语+谓语谓语(vi.)-S+V(vi.)-S+VAll of us laughsed!All of us laughsed!主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语-S+V+O-S+V+OI miss my grandma.I miss my grandma.主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语S+V+PS+V+PShe is a beautiful girl.She is a b
11、eautiful girl.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语-S+V+IO+DO-S+V+IO+DOHe told me a funny story.He told me a funny story.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补充语宾语补充语-S+V+O+OC-S+V+O+OCThe sad news made him cry.The sad news made him cry.主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语-S+V+A-S+V+AHe talked loudly.He talked loudly.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语-S+V+O+A-S+V+O+
12、AThey had a party at Lucys house.They had a party at Lucys house.2022-9-122022-9-121.The machine doesnt work.2.He is an honest student.3.The silk feels soft.4.I have a lot of friends here.5.Tom lent me 200 dollars.6.I saw him writing a letter.7.I find maths difficult.8.We call her Lily.9.Father aske
13、d me to turn off the TV.练习 分析下列句子成分及基本句型结构(S+V+P)(S+V+P)(S+V+IO+DO)(S+V+O+OC)(S+V+O+OC)(S+V+O+OC)(S+V+O+OC)(S+V+O+A)(S+V)3 3、并列句、并列句并列句：并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词列连词and;but;so;or;otherwise 等连接的句子等连接的句子。He worked hard,so he got scholarship at last.You help him and he helps
14、you.I want either this one or that one.2022-9-12复合句：是指复合句：是指含有从句的句子含有从句的句子,复合句是由一个主句和一个或复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。多个从句构成。He asked what I wanted.(宾从宾从)He lived in a village which is far form the city.（定从）（定从）My father is a man who always keeps his word.（定从）（定从）He works hard because hes in need of money.（状从）（状从）It was all over when I got there.(状从）状从）2022-9-12thanks2022-9-12
