1、A组 20152019年河北中考题组,Passage 1(2019河北) 阅读短文,并按要求完成15题。 Critical thinking(批判性思维)is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(评估主张). Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes our way,
2、 we need to think critical- ly to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertise- ments are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true?Is it making a claim?
3、Or does it only interest us?Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see. Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful,person. There are m
4、any ways of doing practice. Here are a few: Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it. When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why? Evaluate you
5、r own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically?How can you improve? Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed at work or school. Make your- self into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world. 1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段
6、的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.People use critical thinking to and evaluate claims. 2.Critical thinking can stop us from . 3.What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking? 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本文为议论文。本文论述了生活中我们离不开批判性思维,批判性思维会使人们更加理智、 更有思想,避免做出不当的选择。本文也讲了如何培养批判性思维。 1.solve problems 根据第一段第二句话内容
7、“People use.evaluate claims.”可知本题答案。 2.making poor choices 由原文第二段倒数第二句内容“Critical thinking.poor choices.”可知本题答案。 3.A wiser and more thoughtful person./Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person. 根据文章第三段第二 句话内容“While you are.thoughtful person.”可知本题答案。 4.Like every other skill, critical thinking ta
8、kes practice. 由第二段内容可知本段是总分结构,故第二段的第 一句就是本段的主题句。 5.它/批判性思维可以/能帮助你在工作中或学业上(取得/获得)成功。 It 可以译成“它”或者“批判性思 维”,at work or school译成“在工作中或学业上”。,长难句 When a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. 当问题来临的时候,我们 需要用批判性思维决定如何去解决它。 本句中When引导时间状语从句,主句为we need to think criticall
9、y to decide how to solve it。,重点词汇 solve v.解决 decide v.决定,词汇积累 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,Passage 2(2018河北) 阅读短文,并按要求完成15题。 Artificial intelligence (AI)(人工智能) is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, und
10、erstand and use information to do tasks. AIs recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this atten- tion has also produced a lot of fear.
11、Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs. According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI. In some industries, AI is al- ready doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling (装配) cars, digging the coal and lifting
12、goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers jobs in the future. On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write pro- grammes for AI systems (系统) and they will set up and work on them, too. Meanwhile, jobs t
13、hat require feel-,ings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代) by AI. These include jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal training. AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, not to fear. 1、2题完成句子;3题简
14、略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.AI is that help machines to do tasks. 2. controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs. 3.What will AI create for people? 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。近年来,人工智能发展得非常迅猛,可以说我们正生活在一个越来越依靠人 工智能的时代。人工智能给我们带来了便捷和高效,但同时也引发了人们的一些恐慌。那么我们究竟应该 怎样看待人工智能呢?本文就这一问题进行了深入的阐述。 1.a
15、 group of technologies 由第一段第三句话“AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, under- stand and use information to do tasks.”可知本空填a group of technologies。 2.Self-driving cars and trucks 由第三段的最后一句话“Self-driving cars and trucks.in the future.”可知本 空填Self-driving cars and trucks。 3.Many new jobs.
16、/AI/It will create many new jobs for people. 由第四段的第一句话“On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people.”可知本题答案。 4.AIs recent developments have got a lot of social attention. 第二段为总分关系,下文从两个方面讲述了人 工智能带来的好的影响和引发的恐慌,故本段第一句为本段的主题句。,5.它/人工智能在很多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。 翻译时注意how在本句话中提问“方式”,故 把how pe
17、ople live and work翻译成“人们的生活和工作方式”要比“人们怎样生活和工作”更合适。短 语“in many ways”意为“在许多方面”。,长难句 AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.人工智能是一 组帮助机器获得、理解并且使用信息完成任务的技术。 本句为复合句。句子主干为AI is a group of technologies。that引导定语从句,其先行词为technologies。,重点词汇 rapidly adv.
18、快速地;influence n.影响;especially adv.特别,尤其,词汇积累 technology n.技术;attention n.注意,Passage 3(2017河北) At many Thanksgiving dinners, everyone around the table shares something they are thankful for. As we know, most can do this easily. Its more important to know how to be thankful people all the time. Be pos
19、itive(乐观的). No matter what happens, its best to remember the good things. Find the bright side in bad situations, and push back against negative(负面的) opinions. Also, do your best not to compare yourself to oth- ers. But when youre around others, give expression to what you like about them. By keepin
20、g good in mind, you ll give thanks for it even more than before. Accept the negative. At the same time, we cant pay no attention to bad things that have happened. We should learn from mistakes. It makes us become strong. Before we know it, were thankful for negative things, too. Our mistakes can als
21、o make us humble(谦逊的), which is not all bad. Humble people have better relationships and see lifes blessings(祝福) much more clearly! Acts of kindness. Thankful people know that its much better to give than to receive. When youre thankful,you feel its your duty to show love to others. Some people volu
22、nteer to help people in need. Studies show that vol-unteers might feel happier and healthier. Use of time. By spending time with others, you show them how much they mean to you. But being thankful is also better realized by spending time alone. When youre alone, you can think about the best parts of
23、 your day. You can list them out and think them over. You can find your way to make thanksgiving a part of your life. How wonderful it is! Just enjoy it every day! 1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下全文的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.You need to find in bad situations. 2.Learning from mistakes can make us and humble. 3.
24、How do volunteers probably feel according to studies? 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,介绍了在日常生活中怎样做一个一直都懂得感恩的人。 1.the bright side 由第二段的“Find the bright side in bad situations.opinions.”可知。 2.(become) strong 由第三段的“We should learn from mistakes. It makes us become strong.”可知。 3.They probably/might feel happier an
25、d healthier./Happier and healthier. 由第四段的“Studies show that vol- unteers might feel happier and healthier.”可知。 4.Its more important to know how to be thankful people all the time. 从本文的四个小标题可知本文为总分 结构,故主题句为第一段的最后一句话。 5.当你独处/单独一个人的时候,你可以思考/回想你一天中最美好的时光/事情/部分。,长难句 No matter what happens, its best to re
26、member the good things.无论发生什么,记住好的事情是最好的。 no matter what意为“无论什么”,引导让步状语从句。its best to do sth.意为“做某事是最好的”,it为 形式主语,后面的to do sth.为真正主语。,重点词汇 kindness n.善良,仁慈; compare v.比较,词汇积累 positive adj.积极的,乐观的;negative adj.负面的,消极的;humble adj.谦逊的;blessing n.祝福,Passage 4(2016河北) Where does your food come from? How
27、is it made? These days, many people worry about food safety. But food safety is not a new worry. In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle. The book is the story of a poor family in Chicago. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People were so worried that the U.S. started testi
28、ng food. These days, most food in the world is safe. Laws control where food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important. But its more important to make sure the rules are followed. A good food safety system(系统) keeps people safe. It also helps them eat healthy
29、 food. Labels(标签) on food give peo- ple important information. Then they can make good choices about their food. Although food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes mistakes are made. For example, a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream. The ice cream could make people si
30、ck when the truck isnt cleaned before carrying it. Other problems are not mistakes. Sometimes companies break rules to make more money. When this happens, people dont know if their food is safe.,As we all know, food is closely related to our daily life. We should take action to make food safer! 1题完成
31、句子;23题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第三段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.People were so worried about food safety that the U.S. started . 2.What can people do after reading the information on food labels? 3.When could ice cream make people sick in the example? 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了有关食品安全的问题以及人们是如何控制食品安全的。为了保证 食品安全,每个人都要行动
32、起来。 1.testing food/to test food 根据第一段的最后一句话可以确定答案。 2.They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food)./Make good choices/a good choice(about their food). 根据第二段的最后一句话可以确定答案。 3.When the truck isnt cleaned/clean (before carrying it). 根据第三段的第四句话可以确定答案。 4.Although food safety systems usu
33、ally work,there can be problems. 根据第三段的第一句话,可以确定答案。 5.但是确保/保证执行/遵守/法律/法规更加重要。/但是确保/保证法律/法规被执行/遵守更加重要。,长难句 As we all know, food is closely related to our daily life.众所周知,食物和我们的日常生活密切相关。 句中“As we all know”意为“众所周知”;“be related to”意为“和有关”。,评析 1.问答题要特别注意特殊疑问词及其他关键词,避免答非所问。如第二题题干中的“after reading the infor
34、mation on food labels”中的“after”一词就尤为关键。如果不留意就易错答为“get important in- formation”。答题要规范,提倡简单,但要保证形式准确无误。2.翻译题的标准是“信,达,雅”。至少要做 到“信和达”,即“忠实原文、达意通顺”。另外要格外注意英语中的特殊句式的翻译。如第五题画线句 为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,翻译时“It”不翻译,该句型要按照“做某事是怎样的”的模式来翻译。,Passage 5(2015河北) Many people believe that yellowing and wetness are
35、the greatest enemy of stamps.In fact,stamps are afraid of not only wetness,but also light and dirty things.People protect their stamps in several different ways. To protect stamps,we should never touch the stamps with our hands.This avoids moving dirty things onto them. Stamp tweezers (镊子) should be
36、 used in all conditions. Stamps are printed things.The colour will slowly disappear if the stamps are put in the light for a long time.So we should not put stamps in the light for long.Direct sunlight must be avoided as well. Wetness is an important problem for stamps.Some collectors will put stamps
37、 in separate plastic (塑料) bags. However,it is possible that some stamps have taken in some water from the air before they are put into the plas- tic bags.Stamps become yellow easily and rapidly after they take in wet air.To protect the stamps,some people also put the stamps into a special room which
38、 has a machine to keep the air cool and dry.However,not many people can afford that.,To keep stamps,stamp collectors usually put them under plastic covers.It is a common and simple way.This helps because the plastic cover keeps the stamps off the wet air.It also stops the fingers from touching the s
39、tamps. Some collectors prefer to store stamps inside a plastic box with desiccants (干燥剂).However,we should take care not to let the stamps touch the desiccants.On top of that,dont take your stamps out on a wet day. 1题完成句子;23题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下全文的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1.One way to protect stamps is that we
40、should never touch them . 2.What will disappear if we put the stamps in the light for long? 3.When do stamps become yellow easily and rapidly? 4. 5.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。集邮是许多人的爱好。但是怎样保存邮票呢?本文为大家介绍了几种 比较实用的方法。 1.with our hands 由第二段第一句话可知此空填with our hands。 2.The colour/Colour/The color/Color. 由第三段第二句话可知如
41、果邮票被长时间放到光下,邮票的颜色会 慢慢消失。 3.After they take in wet air. 由第四段中Stamps become yellow easily.in wet air.可知此处应回答After they take in wet air。 4.People protect their stamps in several different ways. 本文整体为总分关系。下文分说了保护邮票的不同 的方法,如不能用手触摸邮票、防止褪色、防止变黄的方法等。所以本文的主题句为第一段的最后一句话。 5.为了保存邮票,集邮者(们)通常把它们(邮票)放在塑料薄膜下(边)。 翻译
42、本句话时要注意句首的To keep stamps为动词不定式作目的状语,意为“为了保存邮票”。,长难句 However, it is possible that some stamps have taken in some water from the air before they are put into the plas- tic bags.然而,一些邮票在它们被放进塑料袋之前就已经吸收了空气中的一些水分是有可能的。 句中“it is possible+that.”为固定句型,意为“是有可能的”。,评析 第四题为找主题句的试题。河北中考任务型阅读关于“找主题句”主要有两种常见考查方式:1
43、.找 出并写下全文的主题句,如本篇阅读的第四题。2.找出并写下某段的主题句。 河北中考任务型阅读文章各段关系通常为“总分关系”或“总分总关系”,某一段落的结构也常为“总分 关系”,即说出一个观点,然后分说或举例说明这个观点正确。所以全文主题句的位置通常在全文首段或 尾段,段落主题句通常在段首位置。,B组 20152019年全国中考题组,Passage 1(2019天津) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。 Friends are an important part of our lives. We spend time with them, have fun together, and sh
44、are our opinions, feelings and even secrets. Life would be boring without friends. Friends influence who we are, help us learn, support(支持)us in good and bad times, and care for us even when we are not happy. Often, we have many happy moments with our friends. We need someone to share things with to
45、 make them more enjoyable. Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling. That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing(维持) a close group of friends. It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether(不论)it is about a sad or happy subject. In good times, it
46、is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone. It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience. Friends are important pillars(中心人物)of support. Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same. As time goes by, we learn to respect one an
47、other s differences. This acceptance of others differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbours and new friends.,1.Life without friends. 2.Being lonely for long periods of time . 3.It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether . 4.Y
48、ou need someone to support you if . 5.No one person is the same, so we should .,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了朋友的重要性,朋友在我们的生活中是十分重要的,我们花 时间和朋友在一起,跟朋友一起玩,分享彼此的想法,同时朋友也教会我们许多东西。 1.would be boring 根据第一段第三句“Life would be boring without friends.”可知本题答案。 2.is not a great feeling 根据第二段第三句“Being lonely for long per
49、iods of time is not a great feeling.” 可 知本题答案。 3.it is about a sad or happy subject 根据第三段第一句“It is important to have a friend to talk to,whether it is about a sad or happy subject.”可知本题答案。,4.you have had an unpleasant experience 根据第三段第三句“It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience.”可知本题答案。 5.(learn to) respect one anothers differences 根据最后一段第三句“As time goes by,we learn to respect one anothers differences.”可知本题答案。,长难句 This a
