1、复 合 句,( )1.(2019安徽)I wonder the students have a physical examination. Once a year. A.how far B.how soon C.how long D.how often,D,解析 句意:我想知道,这些学生多久进行一次体检。每年一次。how far“多远”,对距离提问;how soon“多久”,对将来时态中“in +时间段”提问;how long“多久”,对for/since引导的时间状语或从句提问;how often“多久一次”,对频率提问。从答语“Once a year.”可知,上句谈论的是“频率”,应用ho
2、w often连接宾语从句。故选D。,( )2.(2018安徽)I wonder Jane gets on so well with her classmates. Because she always cares much about others. A.whether B.how C.when D.why,D,解析 句意:我想知道简为什么与她的同学相处得那么好。因为她总是关心别人多一些。从答语的原因可知,上述句子应该是询问为什么。故选D。,( )3.(2017安徽)Do you know Ann goes to work every day? Usually by underground.
3、 A.why B.how C.when D.whether,B,解析 句意:你知道安每天怎么上班吗?通常乘坐地铁。由答语意思可知,问者问的是安上班的方式。故选B。,( )4.(2016安徽)Look at the stone bridge! Do you know it was built? In the 1860s. It is quite old. A.when B.how C.where D.why,A,解析 句意:看这座石桥!你知道它是何时被建造的吗?在19世纪60年代,它非常古老。根据答语“In the 1860s.”可知,上句是对时间提问的。故选A。,一、宾语从句 (一)宾语从句的
4、概念 在句中担当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。如: He wanted to know what you said just now. He is interested in what you said just now.,(二)宾语从句的引导词 1.由that引导 that在宾语从句中无实际意义,只起连接作用,一般可以省略。 (1)作动词的宾语从句。如: He said (that) he would go to the movies the next day. (2)在一些“be+形容词”的结构中也可用that引导宾语从句,如sure, sorry,
5、afraid等。如: I am sure (that) he has made a mistake.,如果有多个that引导的宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,其余一般不省略。如: The doctor told me (that) I should take more exercise and that I would get better soon. 在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词引导的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如: I dont think he is wrong.,2.由 wheth
6、er/if 引导 常放在know, ask, wonder等动词后。两者在宾语从句中不作句子的任何成分,但有实际含义,表示“是否”,不可省略。两者通常可以互换。如: He asked me whether/if I had finished my homework. 以下情况whether和if不可以互换: 从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether,不用if。如: Were talking about whether Jack will win the game.,引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时,只能用 whether。如: Do you know whether your father
7、 will come back for dinner or not? I dont know whether to wait for another hour. whether引导的宾语从句可放在句首,但if不可以。如: Whether he will come, I dont care. if作“如果”讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,不能用whether。,3.由特殊疑问词引导 特殊疑问词在引导宾语从句时分为连接代词 who, whom, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how等。它们在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当句子的成分,并且不可以省略。 He as
8、ked me who the man was. I want to know why he was late again. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转换成“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结构。如: I cant decide which university I can choose. I cant decide which university to choose.,(三)宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词的时态的影响。因此,要注意保持主从句时态一致。 (1)当主句是现在的某种时态(一般现在时、现在进行时等)时,从句可根据需要选择任何时态。 I dont think
9、 (that) you are right. Please tell me where well go fishing tomorrow.,(2)当主句是过去的某种时态时,从句时态根据句意使用和过去相关的时态。 I wanted to know where he was going. She said she had finished her work. 如果从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言等时,即使主句是一般过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如: Our teacher told us that it is better to do than to say.,(四)宾语从句的语序 宾
10、语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。如: He wonders when will the meeting begin.(错误) He wonders when the meeting will begin.(正确) 当从句的原句是 “ Whats wrong?/Whats the matter?/Whats happening?” 等时,语序不变。如: Do you know whats the matter with him?,二、状语从句 在句中作状语的句子是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。状语从句放在句首时,要用
11、逗号,放在句尾时不用。状语从句可以分为以下几类: (一)时间状语从句 可以用来引导时间状语从句的连词有when, as, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day,等。,when, while的用法区别 (1)when后既可加延续性动作也可加非延续性动作;while后只能加延续性动作。如: While/When she was watching TV, her mother arrived home. (2)while可以表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,而when不行。如: Whi
12、le boys were singing, girls were dancing.,(二)原因状语从句 常用的引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since, for,等。 1.because用来回答why提问的句子,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。 2.since表示既然或已知的理由以及稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放在句首。,3.as多用于口语,语气较弱,表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的,是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句,可放在句首或句尾。 4.for是并列连词,它引导的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后,它们之间用逗
13、号隔开。如: He didnt go to school because he was ill. Since you are here, you can do it by yourself. We all like him as he is kind. There must be no one in the room, for the door is closed.,(三)条件状语从句 常见的用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless等。在条件状语从句中时态遵循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的原则。如: If my parents are free tomorrow, they wil
14、l take me to the zoo. You wont pass the test unless you practice hard. If he arrives, please let me know.,(四)让步状语从句 although/though, even though/if 都可以引导让步状语从句。 although与though两者意思相同,一般可以互换,都可以与yet, still连用,但不能和but连用。如: Though he is old, he is active.,(五)目的状语从句 常见的引导目的状语从句的连词有in order that和so that,意
15、思都是“以便;为了”;而且从句中需用情态动词。如: The old man gets up early every day so that he can take a walk in the park.,(六)结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so.that.和such.that.。注意两者的区别:名前such,形、副so,that从句跟在后;多多少少必用so,特别注意是little;“小”用such,“少”用so。如: She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her. (七)比较状语从句 由连词as.as, not so(as).
16、as引导,表示“和(不)一样”。如: Her room isnt so clean as mine.,三、定语从句 (一)定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。,(二)定语从句的结构 先行词+关系词(关系代词/关系副词)+从句剩余部分,(三)定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等;关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,
17、同时又作定语从句的重要成分。,(四)关系代词的用法 1.关系代词的作用 (1)引导定语从句,连接主从句 (2)代替先行词 (3)在从句中担当一定的成分 2.关系代词的选择 定语从句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。,The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.(代替the girl,作从句的主语,不可省略) The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.(代替the girl,作从句的宾语,可省略) Please pass me the book who
18、se cover is red.(作定语,不可省略) I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.(作定语,不可省略),3.必须用that的情况 (1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that。如: Helen is always the first student that arrives at school. (2)被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything等不定代词时,只能用that。如: Is there anything that I can
19、 do for you?,(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little等词修饰时,只能用that。如: This is the only thing that was left to the son. (4)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that。如: The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car. (5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。如: Who is the boy that is standing under the tree?,注意:
20、 (1)当定语从句中含有介词且放在句末时,充当宾语的关系代词who, that,which可省略;但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如: This is the factory in which my father works. He is the man from whom I borrowed the bike.,(2)在含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。如: This is the book which you are looking for. (3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。如: T
21、he house in that she lives is very big.(错误) The house that she lives in is very big.(正确),(五)关系副词的用法 在定语从句中,关系副词常作状语。 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。如: Do you know the time when he goes back home? (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。如: This is the place where they will travel. (3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,在句中作原因状语。如: N
22、obody knows the reason why he didnt come to school this morning.,(六)定语从句中的主谓一致 在定语从句中,如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词在人称和数上要与先行词保持一致。若先行词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,从句谓语动词用单数;若先行词是可数名词复数,从句谓语动词也要用复数形式。如: Eric is the only one of the students who likes playing basketball in our class. There are many students who like playing
23、basketball in our class.,语序判断法,考点1 宾语从句的运用,一般来说,宾语从句中,从句的语序要用陈述句语序。,(2019安徽中考模拟)Do you know ? Yes, he flew there. A.how Tom went to New York B.how did Tom go to New York C.why Tom went to New York D.why did Tom go to New York,A,剖析 句意:你知道 ?是的。他乘飞机去那里。根据答语表示方式可知用how,排除C、D;宾语从句用陈述语序排除B。,(2019瑶海区一模)What
24、 did the bear tell you in your ear? He told me . A.who was my true friend B.who my true friend was C.who is my true friend D.who my true friend is,B,剖析 句意:这只熊在你耳朵边告诉了你什么?他告诉我谁是我真正的朋友。宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除A、C;宾语从句的主句是一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。排除D。,引导词判断法,考点1 宾语从句的运用,初中阶段对从句的考查除了时态问题,还有引导词的选择,要选出合适的引导词,要先弄清楚句意,然后用代入法来
25、判断。,(2019颍上县中考模拟)Do you know it is from Hefei to Beijing? About 1,100 kilometers. A.how far B.how long C.how many D.how soon,A,剖析 句意:你知道从合肥到北京有多远吗?大约1,100千米。how far“多远”,使用在距离方面;how long“多久”,使用在时间上;how many“多少”,使用在数量上;how soon“多久”,对in,soon等词提问。,(2019合肥模拟)The teachers always tell us we have learnt wil
26、l be useful in the future. A.what B.how C.why D.when,A,剖析 句意:老师总是告诉我们,我们所学的东西在将来是有用的。what“什么”;how“怎么”;why“为什么”;when“什么时候”。结合句意作宾语的只能是what。,句意选项判断法,考点2 状语从句的运用,掌握句子的大意,然后结合所给选项,判断出状语从句属于何种类型的复合句,然后作出最佳选择。,(2019合肥庐阳区三模)We will go to visit the Great Wall it rains tomorrow. A.if B.as C.because D.unless,
27、D,剖析 句意:如果明天不下雨,我们将去参观长城。if“如果”;as“当时候”;because“因为”;unless“如果不;除非”。结合句意可知用unless。,(2019合肥50中三模)I always arrive at my workplace early, I can enjoy a cup of tea before work. A.as soon as B.so that C.even if D.as long as,B,剖析 句意:我总是早到工作车间,以便我能在工作前享受一杯茶。as soon as“一就”;so that“以便;目的”;even if“即使”;as long
28、as“只要”。结合句意可知用so that。,固定搭配法,考点2 状语从句的运用,有些状语从句使用了一些固定的句型及短语,因此只要了解大意并熟练掌握常用搭配就能迅速判断出正确的答案。,(2019潜山四中三模)Jack didnt go to bed 12 oclock last night. Thats why he was late for school this morning. A.until B.after C.when D.because,A,剖析 句意:杰克昨晚直到12点才睡觉。那就是他今天迟到的原因。not.until.是固定搭配,意为“直到才”。,先行词判断法,考点3 定语从句
29、的运用,在定语从句的考查中,根据先行词判断要选择的关系词是很重要的方法之一。一般情况先行词是人时,关系词用who, whom,或者that;先行词是物时,一般用which等。,(2019合肥10校三模)She is a teacher has much teaching experience. A.whose B.which C.whom D.who,D,剖析 句意:她是一个有着丰富教学经验的老师。先行词是teacher,在句中作主语,关系词用who。,(2019阜阳九中二模)Have you found the information about famous scientists you
30、can use for the report? Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. A.where B.which C.what D.who,B,剖析 句意:你已经找到了能够用在你报告中的关于著名科学家的信息了吗?还没有。我将在网上搜索一些。where引导定语从句时,先行词是“地点”;which引导定语从句时,先行词为“物”;what不能作定语从句的关系词;who引导定语从句时,先行词是“人”,在从句中作主语。根据前面的先行词the information可知,要用which引导。,特殊句型判断法,考点3 定语从句的运用,定语从句中,有些先行词被
31、形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时或者先行词前既有人也有物时,关系词要用that。,(2019定远二模)In China, Yellow River is the second longest river we always regard as our mother river. A.which B.that C.when D.what,B,剖析 句意:在中国,黄河是第二长的河,我们总是把它当作我们的母亲河。先行词river由形容词最高级修饰,关系词只能用that。,(2019合肥50中三模)We will never forget the teachers and schools we had v
32、isited last summer holiday. A.which B.who C.that D.where,C,剖析 句意:我们从不会忘记我们上个暑假参观过的老师和学校。先行词是the teachers and the schools既有人又有物,关系词用that。,( )1.(2019盐城)Do you know Grandma is going to visit us? Next Saturday. She told me on the phone. A.where B.why C.when D.whether,C,( )2.(2019邵阳改编)Could you please te
33、ll me I can buy some stamps? Yes. There is a post office on Center Street. A why B.where C.when D.how,B,( )3.(2019咸宁)I am worried about I can enter a good high school or not. Take it easy. Believe in yourself! A.That B.when C.whether D.where,C,( )4.(2019天水)Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(
34、流浪地球)? Yes.its the best one I have ever seen. A.That B.which C.what D.it,A,( )5.(2019滨州)Do you know the man spoke at the meeting just now? No, I dont know. A.what B.who C.which D.whose,B,( )6.(2019柳州改编)May I go and play with Dick, Mom? No, you cant go out your homework is being done. A.before B.as C
35、.until D.because,C,( )7.(2019湘西改编)Xiao Lin, this desk is heavy I cant move it. Dont worry. Ill help you. A.such; that B.too; to C.so; that D.very; that,C,( )8.(2019青海改编)I dont know we will go. We will go to the beach for a picnic. A.where B.when C.how D.what,A,( )9.(2019桂林改编)Do you know the students
36、 like the mobile phone games so much? A.what B.why C.how D.where,B,( )10.(2019北京)Did you notice in her office? Yes. She was going over our writing. A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does,B,( )11.(2019河南)Do you know the boy over there? The one
37、 is holding a ball? Oh, thats my neighbor Phil. A.What B.which C.who D.不填,C,( )12.(2019兰州)The movie I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. A.who B.which C.where D.when,B,( )13.(2019广东)Not all children watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. A.Whom B.wh
38、ich C.who D.whose,C,( )14.(2019鄂州)Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? Sure. Its a great TV program can develop the habit of reading. A.Who B.that C.what D.whose,B,( )15.(2019合肥10校三模)What do you think of your junior high school life? I think it is enjoyable, I sometimes have some tr
39、ouble in study. A.if B.while C.though D.until,C,( )16.(2019合肥10校三模)I dont care . In this camp, theres only one hairstyle short. Understand? Yes, madam! A.what you are used to liking B.what you used to be like C.what are you used to liking D.what did you use to be like,B,( )17.(2019芜湖三模)Too much home
40、work has made me tired these days, Mrs. Gao. Thats true. But a small tree wont grow into a big one it experiences lots of wind and rain. A.if B.because C.when D.unless,D,( )18.(2019黄山屯溪区模拟)Do you remember the boy your Chinese teacher talked with in the hall this morning? A.That B.where C.which D.who
41、se,A,( )19.(2019亳州模拟)After reading Harry Potter, I admire J.K. Rowling, the woman wrote the book series, so much. A.where B.which C.who D.why,C,( )20.(2019霍邱一模)What lovely flowers! Could you please tell me ? A.why did you get them B.where you got them C.when will you get them D.how will you get them
42、,B,( )21.(2019合肥名校最后三模)Could you tell me your father will be back from his business? Ive no idea. Maybe in a couple of weeks. A.how often B.how soon C.how much D.how far,B,( )22.(2019合肥庐阳区三模)Could you tell me you came here? Yes. To get back my dictionary. A.why B.what C.where D.when,A,( )23.(2019淮北联
43、考)Paul, could you tell me we will have a physics exam? Sure. Next week. A.when B.where C.what D.whether,A,( )24.(2019长丰县二模) The film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球)is big success that many people go to the cinema to watch it. A.such B.such a C.so D.so a,B,( )25.(2019合肥50中三模)I wonder I can work out such a hard math problem. Why not ask the teacher for help? A.what B.that C.where D.how,D,
