1、句句 子子 成成 分分 分分 析析句子用途句子用途陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句句子结构句子结构简单句（简单句（5种基本句型）种基本句型）并列句（同等概念、选择、并列句（同等概念、选择、转折、因果）转折、因果）复合句：含有两个或两个以复合句：含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。结构作另一个的成分。定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、
2、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语主语主语subject:句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（
3、名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt se
4、em to like dancing （三）（三）连系动词连系动词,其后面的成分叫作其后面的成分叫作表语表语表示主语的表示主语的 性质、状态和特征性质、状态和特征。系动词系动词Be 动词动词感官动词：感官动词：smell feel taste look hear表示变化的动词：表示变化的动词：become get turn grow stayShow your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked t
5、o see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(四四)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me
6、 the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.介词后面的名词、代词和动名词也介词后面的名词、代词和动名词也是宾语，叫是宾语，叫介宾介宾 I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.（五）宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意
7、义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v3.The doctor told me to do more v exercise.v4.They made her ha
8、ppy.v5.He is going to have his hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _（六）定语（六）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in be
9、d.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know
10、 the man who spoke just now?（七）状语（七）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to s
11、chool by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语 v1.We often help him.v2.I really dont like the food.v3.He did his homework carefully v at home.v4.Her mother goes out to do
12、 some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._时间状语从句时间状语从句句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为
13、的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的
14、，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student.2）He felt happy t
15、oday.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework,he went away.6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday.10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.Last w
16、eek I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any a
17、ttention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.I cant hear a word!I said angrily.Its none of your business,the young man said rudely.This is a private conversation!1 The film I enjoyed yesterday.2 The news listened to I carefully.3 Well the man the piano played.4 Games played yesterday
18、 in their room the children quietly.5 Quietly the door he opened.6 Immediately left he.7 A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.8 Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read.9 This morning a book I from the library borrowed.10 The soup spoi1t the cook.11 We at home stay on Sundays.1
19、2 There a lot of people are at the bus stop.13 The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14 She beautifully draws.15 Music I like very much.16 A new school built they in our village last year.17 The match at four oclock ended.18 She a letter from her brother last week received.1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语
