1、山西省大同市2020届高三年级第一次联合考试（市直）英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。ALast year marked the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I. There were events around the world in memory of those who died in the conflict. We have picked out three of them in
2、 European countries. Lets take a look.BelgiumIn a park, the famous Belgian artist Koen Vanmechelen had an exhibition called Coming World, Remember Me. The work consisted of 600,000 individual(个别的) clay sculptures, one for each person killed during the World War. In the center of the exhibition was a
3、 big egg made of clay, symbolizing a new world.UKIn a small town called Aldridge, almost 100 houses in one street were covered with 24,000 poppies and statues of soldiers. They stood for the men from the area who had been killed in the war. The flowers were chosen because of a poem written by the Ca
4、nadian doctor John McCrea in 1915. They made people think of fields of blood.FranceThe British artist Guy Denning arrived in La Feuille, a small town in the northwest of France, to stick life-size drawings of soldiers who never came back home. Armed with glue and a brush, Denning stuck his drawings
5、carefully on walls. Before long 112 men, mainly young adults, were brought back to mind, if not to life.1. What do we know about Coming World, Remember Me?A. Its the name of an exhibition.B. Its a film about World War I.C. Its a work standing for peace.D. Its a sculpture made of clay.2. Why were pop
6、pies chosen to symbolize the dead soldiers?A. The British people preferred them.B. They showed the cruelty of war.C. A Canadian doctor suggested them.D. The fields were filled with them.3. How was the end of World War I marked in France?A. A memorial to the dead soldiers was built.B. 112 wounded sol
7、diers in the war were helped.C. Drawings of some dead soldiers were put up.D. Young adults were encouraged to join the army.BAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But its a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The m
8、ost intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the worlds wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.Turn on the TV in the US UK or France, an
9、d youll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.But behind th
10、e fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in part
11、icular are suffering, with some of them even dying.This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to t
12、hose who cant afford to pay for it themselves.So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.4. According to Mariette Dic
13、hristina what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.5. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.6. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor
14、 people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.7. Whats the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food DayCTraditionally, robots have been hard, mad
15、e of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that co
16、uld be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrai
17、ns (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyre taken inspiration from nature, looking
18、 to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
19、“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might a
20、lso open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”8. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？A. Its soft.B. Its made of metal.C. Its very small.D. It looks like an octopus.9. Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. Theyre hard to control.B. Theyre too heavy to move.C. They
21、 cant predict conditions.D. They cant behave well all the time.10. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source11 Whats the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operat
22、ion.D. House cleaning.DWhats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldnt be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way s
23、cientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers
24、at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm(算法)” for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees
25、 had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from p
26、sychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both ex
27、perience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bees-eye view than a birds-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use t
28、hese cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and
29、using those as references later.12. What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?A. Memory.B. Movement rules.C. Reward calculating.D. Information processing.13. Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of Hummingbirds?A. Math.B. Biology.C. Ec
30、ology.D. Psychology.14. How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?A. By setting them free.B. By moving flowers.C. By matching view.D. By making maps.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Hummingbirds and BeesB. Hummingbirds in the LabC. New Trends in
31、 Studying BeesD. Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项中有两项为多 余选项。How to stay focused in classBeing relaxed during class is a bad habit， and it is also bad to your grade Focusing in class not only proves to teachers that you are a capable student but also s
32、hows that you have the ability to control yourself， which will be very important_16_ No matter how much you want to sit with your friends during the class， try your best to avoid them Talking with friends around you is not going to give you the focus in class This will get you into troubleLook at te
33、acher and make eye contact Your teacher is not just standing up there talking_17_ Show the teacher that he or she has your full attention by looking them in the eye This person should have your full attention at all times during classTake notes By taking notes， youll be able to get into the lesson W
34、rite down key points as your teacher speaks And listen to the key phrases such as This is important This is the main idea This will be the test etc_18_ Get involved in class discussions This is a wonderful way to become a more focused， successful student When a teacher asks a question， offer to answ
35、er it_19_This shows the teacher that you are listening carefully during the classAsk a question_20_This really shows your teacher that you want to be better， and can recognize the things you are having difficulty with Chances are that someone else in the class has the same question （and was too afra
36、id to ask!） Theyll be relieved， and so will youA Avoid sitting with friendsB This can help you listen more attentivelyC If he or she ask for an opinion， share your ownD Talking with friends makes you lose interest in classE He or she is trying to give you an acceptable educationF The more quickly yo
37、u answer， the more attention you payG If you dont understand something， never be afraid to ask第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In one of my college classes, we were required to do an act of kindness. My project included _21_lunch for an elderl
38、y person. When I_22_the elderly person with the food I cooked, it never_23_to me that it would result in a new friendship and the discovery of a_24_.The person I visited was Bill, who was unable to_25_much. A nurse came regularly to help him move to and from the wheelchair because he has no_26_. Bil
39、l said he was delighted to see me and it was a_27_for him to eat a meal with me because he usually eats_28_. He said the food was great, but he enjoyed having_29_even more than the food.Bill had had a_30_life when working on the railroad and had many_31_stories to tell about his travels to many plac
40、es. I was_32_a trip because of his stories. I had once_33_about traveling by train. However, I would_34_be going by train after meeting Bill.Perhaps the biggest_35_of this project was that I suddenly realized that I am_36_of working with the elderly. Spending time with them was fun-they have so much
41、 life experience to_37_. On the one hand, I am a good_38_. On the other hand, older people want someone to know their inner world, so it is a perfect_39_. I decided to focus my studies on the_40_. Hopefully in the future, I will work with them to help even more people like Bill.21. A. buyingB. deliv
42、eringC. packingD. preparing22 A. called onB. came acrossC. picked upD. turned to23. A. happenedB. appealedC. occurredD. proved24. A. travel planB. career pathC. holiday destinationD. cooking skill25. A. talkB. eatC. sitD. walk26. A. moneyB. relativesC. neighboursD. time27. A. treatB. fancyC. privile
43、geD. waste28. A. slowlyB. littleC. aloneD. unhappily29. A. familyB. companyC. funD. health30. A. painfulB. hopefulC. peacefulD. colorful31. A. adventurousB. freshC. absorbingD. satisfying32. A. intendingB. pretendingC. allowingD. requiring33. A. arguedB. hesitatedC. thoughtD. cared34. A. unbelievabl
44、yB. undoubtedlyC. unexpectedlyD. unhurriedly35. A. aimB. impressionC. problemD. bonus36. A. awareB. proudC. fondD. certain37. A. shareB. discussC. treasureD. gain38. A. studentB. cookC. learnerD. listener39. A. choiceB. dealC. matchD. game40. A. oldB. poorC. disabledD. homeless第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
45、 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The number of Hong Kong students willing to study at Chinese mainland universities _41_(reach) a record high over the past eight years _42_ more and more students eyeing information technology-related majors, as well as chances to work in the
46、mainland.More than 10，000 Hong Kong high-school graduates have applied to universities in the Chinese mainland in 2019, _43_ new high over the past eight years. Hong Kong students can apply to mainland universities via college entrance exams _44_(special) designed for _45_ by the Ministry of Educati
47、on via a Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (DSE),also _46_(know) as Hong Kongs university entrance examination.Ana Lo, a senior student majoring in environmental science at Tsinghua University, _47_ also participated in the schools exchange activities in Hong Kong, noticed the growing number of Hong Kong students participating in their promotion activities and _48_(show) strong interest in mainland universities in the past three years. In an interview with the Global Times, Lo attributed（把归因于）the increase to the fact _49_ some universities in the mainland,
