1、专题五 非谓语动词高考英语（课标专用）高考英语（课标专用）网络清单网络清单考点一 非谓语动词作宾语考点清单考点清单一、下列动词一般用不定式作宾语一、下列动词一般用不定式作宾语此外,afford,strive,happen(碰巧),wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语注意:allow,permit,forbid,advise,consider后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。三、作介词的宾语三、作介词的宾语无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语一般情况下要用动名词形式作宾语。If y
2、ou insist on doing something,do it everyday.如果你坚持做某件事,那就每天做。After finishing his share of the work he went to help the others.他完成了自己的那部分工作以后,又去帮助别人。注意:1.to既可以作介词既可以作介词,又可以作不定式符号又可以作不定式符号,因此要牢记含介词因此要牢记含介词 to的常用短的常用短语。语。2.可将介词可将介词in省略的短语、句型省略的短语、句型题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空I dont know whether you happen to ha
3、ve heard (hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A.this September.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch).The man insisted on finding (find)a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.According to a recent U.S.survey,children spend up to 25 hours a week watching (
4、watch)TV.Isnt it time you got down to marking (mark)the papers?四、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语四、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别但意义上有区别七、动词不定式在介词七、动词不定式在介词but,other than后面时后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带否则就要带to。(1)All I could do was go home.(2)We could do noth
5、ing but/other than wait.(3)We had nothing to do but/other than wait.(4)We had no choice but to wait.八、不定式作动词八、不定式作动词(词组词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时等的宾语时,前面常带引导词前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等等,但但why后加不带后加不带to的不定式。的不定式。注意:此用法中的不定式的
6、逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work.)他给我们演示了怎么做这项工作。I dont know what to do.(=I dont know what I should do.)我不知道我应该做什么。We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether well stay or go.)我们必须决定是留还是走。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空I wonder
7、 how to solve (solve)this problem.What can we do but sit (sit)and wait?考点二 非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语一、不定式作定语1.当名词被序数词或the only,the next,the last,the right修饰,且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时,用不定式主动形式作定语。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。He was the only one to survive the
8、plane crash.他是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。He was the right person to do the job.他是做这份工作的合适人选。2.有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语,因此这些名词也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:wish,decision,refusal,intention,agreement,need,plan,promise,failure,attempt,offer,warning等。3.有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语,因此这些名词也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:ability,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness,p
9、atience,obligation,determination等。4.有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容,它们是:chance,opportunity,reason,way,effort,measure,movement,power,right,skill,strength,struggle,idea等,不定式可以换成of+doing。In our country,everyone has the right to go to school.在我们国家每个人都有上学的权利。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interest
10、ing.他有一个奇特的方法使他的课既生动又有趣。He thought of a good idea to give up smoking.他想出了戒烟的好主意。Thank you for giving me a chance to make the speech.谢谢你给我发言的机会。5.中心词是作定语的不定式的执行者,动词不定式所表示的动作一般后于谓语动词或在将来发生。He had no photographs to remind him of the past.他没有照片来使他回顾过去的事情。(remind后于had)We are in need of nurses to look aft
11、er the patients.我们需要护士来照顾病人。(look after后于are in need of)Is there anybody to carry on the work?有人要继续这项工作吗?(to carry on表示将来)注意:作定语的不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。Do you have a cup to drink water with?你有用来喝水的杯子吗?但
12、是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no place to live.他没有地方住。There is no need to build (build)a dam across the small river.Her eagerness to work (work)will please the boss.I want to buy a brush to paint with .题组训练题组训练单句填空二、分词作定语二、分词作定语1.及物动词分词形式作定语及物动词分词形式作定语3.英语中有些表示感觉的动词英语中有些表示感觉的动词
13、,其现在分词形式表示其现在分词形式表示“令人令人的的”,过过去分词形式表示去分词形式表示“感到感到的的”题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空He was reading a book written (write)by Mark Twain.The man talking (talk)to Tim is his uncle.anvoiceanexci excittedving oice一个令人兴奋的声音一个兴奋的声音apuzzling expressionapuzzled expressi o n一个令人困惑的表情一个困惑的表情三、动名词作定语三、动名词作定语动名词作定语,用来说明被修饰词的
14、用途。a fishing net渔网(=a net for fishing)a swimming pool游泳池(a pool for swimming)四、四、to be done,being done和和done作定语的区别作定语的区别than store prices.Did you see the boy being questioned (question)by the police?题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空There are still many problems to be solved (solve)before we are ready for a long s
15、tay on the Moon.Prices of daily goods bought (buy)through a computer can be lower 考点三 非谓语动词作主语、表语 一、非谓语动词一、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词不定式、动名词)作主语作主语1.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语下列句型中常用动名词作主语It is/was+doing sth.It is worth making an appointment before you
16、 go.Playing with fire is dangerous.()To play with fire will be dangerous.()玩火危险。泛指玩火玩火会发生危险。指一次具体的动作no use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/goodworth去之前预约一下是值得的。3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语下列句型中常用不定式作主语to do sth.Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。How long did it take you to finish the work?你花
17、了多长时间来完成这项工作?It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.我们难以在一个小时内完成这篇作文。forItbeIt takes sb.some timedifficult/easy/important/Itbe sb.impossible/necessary.careless/clever/foolish/honest/Itbe sb.kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wisofe.名词It is stupid of you to write down everything(that
18、)the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。二、非谓语动词二、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词不定式、动名词、分词)作表语作表语1.不定式、动名词作表语的区别不定式、动名词作表语的区别2.现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别非谓语动词作表语用法例句不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作Your task today is to wash the curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作)动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为His favorite sport is swimming.他最喜欢的运动
19、是游泳。(泛指游泳)非谓语动词作表语用法例句现在分词表特征,意为:令人的The film is exciting.这部电影激动人心。过去分词表状态,意为:感到的He is excited at the news.听到这个消息他激动不已。3.非谓语动词作非谓语动词作remain的表语的表语主语+remainShe remained standing(=was still standing)though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。The true author of the book remains unkno
20、wn(=is still unknown).这本书真正的作者依然不详。Much remains to be done.许多事仍需去做。doing:(remainbe still.)doneto be done:意为 仍然是意为 仍需被做题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空Its standard practice for a company like this oneto employ (em-ploy)a security officer.As we joined the big crowd I gotseparated (separate)from my friends.The pilo
21、t asked all the passengers on board to remainseated (seat)as the plane was making a landing.考点四 非谓语动词作状语一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则不定式、分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式、分词作状语必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。二、不定式作状语二、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语注意:在only too.to结构中,too.to.并非
22、是“太而不能”之意。此时,与too.to.搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等。Im only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴。3.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生某种情绪的原因。用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等。You will never know how happ
23、y I was to see her yesterday.你永远不会知道昨天看到她时,我是多么高兴。4.在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。This book is diff
24、icult to understand.这本书很难理解。三、分词作状语三、分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择分词作状语时其形式的选择2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调,还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用。When offered help,one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”.(时间)当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“Thank you”或“Its kind of you”。Separated from other continen
25、ts for millions of years,Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world.(原因)和其他大陆分离了数百万年,澳大利亚有许多在世界上任何别的国家都找不到的动植物。Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件)一般来说,如果按照说明服用,这种药没有副作用。He glanced at her,noticing that though
26、she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)他不经意地看了一下她,注意到她虽然很纤弱,但看起来非常健康。Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)老师进了实验室,后面跟着一些学生。四、独立成分作状语四、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:gener
27、ally speaking 一般来说;frankly speaking 坦白地说;judging from/by.根据来判断;taking.into consideration考虑到;to tell you the truth 说实话;compared to/with 与相比。Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断,他是香港人。To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.说实话,我有点儿累。五、独立主格结构五、独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带
28、有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。一般用逗号把独立主格结构与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+分词;名词/代词+不定式;with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。The president assassinated(=Because th
29、e president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomor-row.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。I stood before her with my heart beating fast.我站在她面前,心脏跳得很快。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空Anxiously,she took the dress out of the p
30、ackage and tried it on,only to find (find)it didnt fit.Clearly and thoughtfully written (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.Group activities will be organized after class to help (help)children develop team spirit.Having spent (spend)the past year as a
31、n exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.The lecture having been given (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.考点五 非谓语动词作补语一、后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组一、后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,orde
32、r,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等。You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。注意:1.think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,judge等后常用“to be.”作宾补/主补。People considered him to be
33、 a great leader.人们认为他是一位伟大的领袖。They found the answer to be quite satisfactory.他们觉得那个回答非常令人满意。He imagines himself to be an able man.他自认为是个能人。2.fear,excuse/forgive,refuse,punish,suggest/propose,agree/approve,inform,welcome,insist/persist,hope,arrange,demand,thank,congratulate,prevent后不能用不定式作补语。二、非谓语动词作
34、感官动词二、非谓语动词作感官动词(词组词组)、使役动词的宾补、使役动词的宾补1.感官动词感官动词(词组词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾的宾语补足语有四种形式语补足语有四种形式,以以see 为例为例:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动
35、,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her see宾语doing sth.(do sth.)being done(done)看见正做宾语与宾补为逻看见做了辑上的主动关系看见正在被做宾语与宾补为逻看见被做辑上的被动关系room yesterday.昨天经过那个小女孩的房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(被动,正在进行)Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性)2.使役动词使役动词make,let,ha
36、ve,get后接复合宾语的情况后接复合宾语的情况:(1)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。make 宾语do()done()让做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。(2)Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做。let 宾语do()be done()让做宾
37、语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系注意:have sth.done还表示“使遭受”之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆踢足球时弄伤了腿。Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在史密斯先生外出度假期间,他家被盗了。have sb.doing常用于否定句中,其中have有“允许、容忍”之意。(3)have宾语do sth.(doing sth.)done()让做某事宾语与宾补为逻使持辑上的主动关系续做某事使被做 宾语与
38、宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那么讲话。have还可用于have something to do结构,该结构中have作“有”讲,不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有紧急的事要通知你们。(4)get 宾语to do sth.(doing sth.)done()使做某事宾语与宾补为逻使做某事 辑上的主动关系使被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。Th
39、e captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。Someone was hear
40、d to come up the stairs.听见有人上楼了。三、动词三、动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况情况:1.leaveIts wrong to leave the machine running.让机器一直运转着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste sb./sth.doing sth./(,)sth.undone(,undone,unfinished,unsettle
41、d,untouched)sb.to do sth.(sth.to be done让某人 物一直处于某种状态 宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系 表示动作正在进行留下某事未做 宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系 表示被动和完成 一般以为多让某人去做某事不定式表示留下某事要做 将来)的动作delicious.大部分的菜客人们动都没动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一个人去做所有剩余的工作。(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many p
42、roblems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)Keep the engine running.别让发动机熄火。You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。2.keepsb./sth.doing/sb./sth.done/(,)使某人 物一直做某事使某人 物被表示被动且完成 或表示状态We found him to be dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。Often I found her quietly weeping alone.我经常发现她独自默默流泪
43、。I found him buried in a novel.我发现他在埋头读一本小说。4.catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事撞见某人正在做某事I caught John reading my private letters.我撞见约翰在偷看我的私人信件。3.findsb.doing sth.sb./sth.done/()sb./sth.to be./发现某人正在做某事发现某人 物已经表完成或状态发现某人 物John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted
44、 it.约翰收到了一份宴请函。工作都完成了,他欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is hav-ing a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决,所以这位新任总统的日子不好过。5.withsb./sth.doing(,)sth.being done()sth.done(,)sth.to do()表主动且进行 或表特征表被动且进行表被动且完成 或表状态表示将来四、常用不定式作主语补足语的句型四、常用不定式作主语补足语的句型Sb./Sth.be said/believed/
45、known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他。He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)据说他出国了。Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热能被看作是一种能量形式。Youre supposed to pay the bill by Friday.你应该在星期五前结清这笔账。题组训练题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried (carry)out the next year.The missing boy was last seen playing (play)near the lake.
