1、小升初英语词性汇总(1)一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5不规则名词复数:man-m
2、en, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea 7. 眼镜 glasses; 耳机 earphones; 鞋 shoes;裤子 trousers 等词本身是复数。如:My glasses were
3、 on the chair just now.但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you. 1 (二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:单数后加s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加如: his friends bags 不以 s 结尾的复数后加s childrens shoes 并列名词中,如果把s 加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 汤姆
4、和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加s Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用 an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an act
5、or / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2 2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sw
6、eater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school. (4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事: Monkeys can t sw
7、im. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前: Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. 3 (9)
8、固定词组中:at noon at night by bus 三、代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一单数I(我)me my(我的)人称复数we(我们)us our(我们的)第二单数you(你)you your(你的)人称复数you(你们)you your(你们的)第三单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)人称复数they (他们 / 她们 / 它them their(他们的/她们的/们)它们的)【热点题型】例 1用代词的适当形式填空。Is this _watch? (you) No, its not _(I) 【答案
9、】your; mine 【解析】这是你的手表吗?your 你的。不是,它不是我的,即:它不是我的(手表), 为了避免重复,所以要用名词性的物主代词 mine. 例 2 根据句意填上合适的冠词。This is _ orange. _ orange is Lucys. 【答案】 an; The 4 【解析】这是一个橙子。orange 的第一个字母是元音音素,所以前面要用 an. 因 orange 是第二次出现,所以要用 the, 注意第一个字母要大写。例 3用所给词的适当形式填空。Are there two _(box) on the table? 【答案】boxes 例 4 用所给代词的适当形式
10、填空。Show _your kite, OK?(they) 【答案】them 【解析】此句意是:给他们看看你的风筝。在动词后跟宾格 them. 例 5根据句意用所给代词的适当形式填空。来源:Zxxk.Com I have a beautiful cat. _ name is Mimi. These cakes are _(it) 【答案】Its; its 【解析】它的名字叫米米, Its name 它的名字,用形容词性物主代词,并且注意第一个字母要大写;这些蛋糕是它的,即:这些蛋糕是它的(蛋糕),为了避免重复,所以用名词性物主代词 its. 四、形容词(一)形容词是用来修饰物体的形状、大小、长
11、度、属性、特点等,位于名词的前面。如: 1. He is a hard-working student.(努力的特点) 5 2.Our English teacher has long hair. (长的长度) 3.The elephants are very big, and the mice are very small. (大的,小的大小)(二)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词和副词,在句子里表示“比较”.“最”时,要用特别的形式,即:比较级和最高级。如:long 原级longer 比较级longest 最高级The black pen is very long.黑色的钢笔很长。The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。The red pen is the longest of the three.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。(三)形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化