1、Unit 4 VocabularyLearning Objectives01.Be able to grasp the usage of new words in Unit 402.Be able to read words correctly and quickly in Unit 4;第一版块第一版块|核心单词和短语核心单词和短语1individual adj.单独的；个别的 n n个人individually adv.分别地；各自地(教材P39)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meani
2、ng of the individual words.习语是一种表达方式，它的意思不同于单个词的意思。即学即练单句语法填空_(individual)or groups may enter one of the following categories.Snacks outside of mealtimes may be bought by the student _(individual)Individualsindividually2.Achilles heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点pull sb.s leg 同某人开玩笑fly off the handle 大发雷霆o
3、ver the moon 欣喜若狂be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听be childs play 极容易做；轻而易举an early bird 早起的鸟Adams Achilles heel is that he is not confident.亚当的致命弱点是他不自信。Im sorry I accidentally spilled your tea,but theres no need to fly off the handle.对不起，我不小心打翻了你的茶水，不过也不必大发脾气。His performance was so funny that we laughed our
4、heads off.他的表演太滑稽了，我们笑得前仰后合。Do you want to know what he said？你想知道他说什么了吗？Go onIm all ears.讲吧，我洗耳恭听。The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃/捷足先登。归纳拓展：laugh ones head(s)off 大笑不止，狂笑不已(a)fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人last straw救命稻草a wet blanket扫兴的人a lucky dog幸运儿a tough nut难对付的人green fingers园艺技能即学即练
5、完成句子“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.Lack of selfconfidence is his _，I am afraid.你说真的，还是逗我玩的？Are you for real,or are you just _？被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。Surrounded by a crowd of strangers,she felt like a _.Achilles heelpulling my legfish out of
6、water 第一版块第一版块|核心单词核心单词3.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长(教材P40)According to the text,what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country？根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优点是什么？the chief engineer 总工程师the chief architect 总建筑师Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population
7、 is 762.旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业该市目前人口为762人。词语拓展：an editorinchiefeditorsinchief 总编辑a sister-in-lawsisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫a grown-upgrown-ups成年人 即学即练单句语法填空She is the _(总监)of the sales department.He is the _(主任)of the English department.She is the _(主编)of the magazine.Product qua
8、lity is our _(主要的)concern.Rice is the _(主要的)crop in this area.chiefchiefeditorinchiefchiefchief2.puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.vt.迷惑；使困惑(教材P40)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。He was in a puzzle about what to do next.下一步要做什么，他感到困惑不解。词语
9、积累：puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的ed形容词常说明人；或修饰人的表情、声音等；ing形容词常说明事物的性质She felt puzzled.她感到困惑的 This is a puzzling question.这是一个让人困惑的问题。5.nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.adv.在附近(没有比较等级)(教材P40)In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.在16世纪，邻国威尔士加入了英格兰王国。live n
10、earby 住在附近a nearby town 附近的一个城镇He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.留了张纸条让失主知道钱包是完好无损的之后，他把钱包送到附近的警察局。They were seen as nearly worthless.它们被认为几乎是没有价值的。知识拓展：nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。a nearby hotela hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆 易错词比较：near
11、ly adv.几乎，差不多，将近(表程度)near adj.近的，接近的 adv.在附近 prep.在附近即学即练用near,nearby,nearly完成句子She bought some fruit at a _ store.As spring _，the weather is getting warmer and warmer.Its easy to find him.He lives _.As I got up late,I _ missed train._ 200 people attended the meeting.I live _ the station,so I can ca
12、tch the early bus easily.nearbynearsnearbynearlyNearlynear3defence n防御；保卫defend v防御，保护；辩解，辩护(教材P40)They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。in defence of 为保卫；为辩护Soldiers died their country.战士为保卫祖国而献身.词语积累：defend.f
13、rom/against.保护免受defend oneself against.为自己辩护The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves _ the sudden attacks.Mr Green stood up _(为辩护)the 16yearold boy,saying that he was not the one to bl
14、ame.Our duty is to _(保卫国家不受)its enemies.against/fromin defence ofdefend our country from/against7.legal adj.法律的；合法的legally adv.合法地illegal adj.非法的，违法的(教材P40).all have different education systems and legal systems.实行不同的教育和法律制度。legal rights 合法权利legal documents 法律文件the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系It
15、will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.它将把完全无人驾驶汽车置于与人类驾驶员平等的法律地位。词语拓展：illegal adj.非法的，违法的illegal drugs违禁药品illegal activities非法活动illegal printing matter非法印刷品illegal publishing非法出版illegal publications非法出版物il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”即学即练完成句子Wild camping _ (是非法的)in England.More a
16、nd more women today have learned to arise _ (捍卫她们的合法权利)出于法律原因，大多数饭店都有一项政策，禁止送给别人被丢弃的食物。_most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.is illegalin defence of their legal rightsFor legal reasons4.surround vt.围绕；包围surroundings n环境(复数)(教材P40).you will be surrounded by evidence of four d
17、ifferent groups of people.你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围surround.with.用包围be surrounded by/with.被包围/环绕beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境The small island with beautiful sight is surrounded the sea.那个景色优美的小岛四面环海。I work in pleasant surroundings.我在愉快的环境中工作。词语拓展：get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子_(surro
18、und)by green trees,the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.The garden _(由包围着)a fence，in which many small creatures live.Surroundedis surrounded by/with5evidence n证据；根据；证明 evident adj.明显的，显然的 evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地(教材P40).you will be surrounded by evidence of four different grou
19、ps of people.你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据It is evident that.Evidently,.很明显There is(some)evidence that.有(一些)证据表明(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)6achievement n成就；成绩；达到achieve vt.实现；(努力)取得，达到(教材P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建
20、立了城镇、修建了道路。make an achievement 取得成就a great achievement 伟大的成就achieve success 获得成功achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标achieve ones dream 实现梦想词语拓展：make achievements in.某人在方面的成就make an achievement/achievements in doing sth.在做某事方面取得成就即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 List all of your accomplishments and _ _(achievement)achieveme
21、nts7.location n地方；地点；位置locate vt.使处于使处于.位置位置located adj.处于；位于；坐落在(教材P41).left behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK.留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。词语积累：locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出的位置 学法点拨：位于即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The map shows the precise _ (locate)of the crash.China _(locate)in
22、the east of Asia with the area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres._(locate)where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.Mount Huang _(位于)Anhui Province.locationis locatedLocatedis located/situated in/lies in12.battle n战役；搏斗 vi.&vt.vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗(教材P41)
23、They conquered England after the wellknown Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。(1)n.战役；搏斗a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争fight a(n).battle 打的仗accept the battle 应战(2)vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗battle against/with 与战斗battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争battle for equa
24、l rights 为争取同等权利而战battle for justice 为正义而斗争battle for life 为生存而战The mountain climbers had to battle against great difficulties.登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。They battled for freedom.他们为自由而战。She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.在去世之前，她与癌症做了长期斗争。词语拓展：win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗battle for 为而战，为而奋斗fi
25、ght for.为而战struggle for.为而斗争struggle agaist.与作斗争 即学即练单句语法填空/汉译英/完成句子When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle _ myself,not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.The two candidates are battling _ control of the company to ensure their own benefits.和困难作斗争_争夺时间之战_为争取
26、同等权利而战_为正义而斗争_她曾与癌症抗争。She had _ cancer.警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。The police _ crime.againstforbattle against difficultiesbattle against timebattle for equal rightsbattle for justicebattled againstare fighting a tough battle against8.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的(教
27、材P41)The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions.联合王国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化交融的混合国度，拥有新旧两种传统。a fascinating place 迷人的地方a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事look/sound fascinating 看上去/听起来迷人be fascinating to sb.令某人着迷Its fascinating to see how different people approach
28、the problem.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。词汇拓展：fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住sth.fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人sb.is fascinated by/with sth.某人对着迷be struck by.被所迷住/打动He was struck by the beauty of the Western Lake.他被西湖的美所迷住。We are struck by the story of LeiFeng.我们被雷锋的故事所打动。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子CHRONOLOGICA is a _(fascinate)jou
29、rney through time,from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.I was _(fascinate)to hear about his travels in Britain.她的音乐让我着迷。Her music fascinates me.I am fascinated _ her music.fascinatingfascinatedwith 8.confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n困惑(教材P40).many
30、 people are confused by what these different names mean.许多人被这些不同的名字意思弄糊涂了。be confused about 对感到困惑get confused about 变得困惑 即学即练单句语法填空She stepped down,looking _(confuse)The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _(confuse)world.I always confuse you _ your sisteryou look so alike.confuse
31、dconfusingwith1.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40).the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today.爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称The teenager broke away from the school and ran away.这名少年从学校挣脱逃跑了。误区警示：break away中的away是副词，如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，构成短语break away
32、 from(从中脱离)。类似的动词还有get away from.摆脱run away from.逃离The Union first consisted of several countries,which broke away _it later because of conflicts.His car broke _ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.The fire broke _during the day,so almost no one was injured.Im surprised Sue
33、and Paul have broken_.fromdownoutupWe arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken _ the office during the night.Startled by the sudden whistle of the train,the horse _(逃脱)The boy _(挣脱)his mother and ran away.intobroke awaybroke away frombreak off 中断；折断break out 突然发生，爆发break thr
34、ough 突破break up 破碎；分解；解散；(关系)破裂break down (机器等)出故障；垮掉；失败break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴(不及物短语动词)break into 破门而入；突然起来(及物短语动词)2.belong to 属于属于(某人)(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。belong to sb.属于某人，归某人所有a sense of belonging 归属感The soccer
35、 ball belongs to Dan.这个足球是丹的。误区警示：belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。这辆自行车是我的。This bike belongs to me.()This bike is belonged to me.()This bike is belonging to me.()3.as well as 和和.一样一样(教材P40)They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同一面国旗。误区警示：(1)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。He is smart,and kind as well.他很聪明，也很善良。(2)和一样好I speak English as well as he does.我英语说得和他一样好。(1)as well也；又；还，通常放在肯定句句末。He is friendly,and funny as well.他很聪明，也很善良。(2)和一样好I sing as well as dancing.我英语说得和他一样好。
