1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词及其分类非谓语动词及其分类 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词谓语动词；在句；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词变化形式，叫做词变化形式，叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词。We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.The results obtained are
2、 quite satisfactory.Please stop speaking.（谓语谓语）（谓语谓语）（状语状语）（主语主语和和表语表语）（定语定语）（宾语宾语）2.非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类 不定式不定式(infinitive)分词（分词（participle）动名词（动名词（gerund）3.非谓语动词的特点非谓语动词的特点 1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词 组成谓语。组成谓语。You ought to have been here yesterday.2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状
3、语。The Party called on us to serve the people.3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。The students ran out of the classroom,laughing merrily.To be frank,your plan is not practicable.The Infinitive(不定式不定式)不定式的构成不定式的构成(to)donot(to)do不定式的特点不定式的特点 具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式有主动
4、、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式 一般形式一般形式 进行式进行式 完成形式完成形式主动语态主动语态 to do to be doing to have done 被动语态被动语态 to be done to have been done 不定式的用法：不定式的用法：(1)作主语作主语 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用用it作作形式主语形式主语。To see is to believe It is right to give up smoking.It made me very happy to hear her talk about it.【注意一注
5、意一】不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语：不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。I promised Tom to play with him.I asked him to play with me.（to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是I）（to play的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是him）【注意二注意二】同一句型中不同介词的不同含义同一句型中不同介词的不同含义It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（for 引出动作发出者）引出动
6、作发出者）（of 引出引出adj修饰的对象）修饰的对象）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：注意：常用在常用在of句型中的句型中的adj有：有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,cleve
7、r,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等等 You are very kind to give me some help.You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.(2)作宾语作宾语 注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作作
8、形式宾语形式宾语。I want to know this matter.I find/feel it interesting to work with him Subject+find/think/feel/make it+adj/n+to do sth.My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class.能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,
9、seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等等(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him 注意注意1：在：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补等词后的补足语中，不定式不带足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带结构时，就必须带t
10、o。能用于此用法的动词有：能用于此用法的动词有：ask,get,expect,wish,want,help,permit,beg,encourage,order,prefer,advise,like,call on,depend on,ask for,wait for等等I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song(4)作定语。作定语。I have some books for you to read.注：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式注：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代
11、词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody
12、 there.To look at him，you would like him(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)目的状语还可以用目的状语还可以用in order to或或so as to来表示。来表示。In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard We ran all the way so as not to be late(6)作表语作表语 My job is to help the patient(7)作独立成分作独立成分 To tell the truth，I dont agree with you(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与
13、疑问词who，which，when，where,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。宾语等。He didnt know what to say.My question is when to startHow to solve the problem is very important(宾语宾语)(表语表语)（主语）（主语）(2)如果谓语表示的动作如果谓语表示的动作(情况情况)发生时，不定式表发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。Tom and Martin pr
14、etended to be doing their homework when the teacher came into the classroom.When I got home,my son happened to be watching TV.(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。完成式。She is said to have read thirty novels this year.Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long 2不定式的时态不定式的时态(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通
15、常与谓语的动作不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态状态)同时同时(或几乎同时或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。发生，或是在它之后发生。Our teachers always encourage all of us to work hard.I saw him go out 3不定式的语态不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑上的主语是这不定式所表示的动作当不定式的逻辑上的主语是这不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：一般式和完成式。在句子中可以被动形式有两种：一般式和完成式。在句子中可以做主语、宾语、构成
16、复合谓语、构成复合宾语、定做主语、宾语、构成复合谓语、构成复合宾语、定语和状语。语和状语。It is an honor for me to be invited to your party.After graduation,he asked to be sent to work in the countryside.This novel is said to have been translated into French.He was the first student to have been punished by The teacher.Gerund（动名词）（动名词）一、构成一、构成
17、：doing not doing二、特点：二、特点：具有名词的句法功能。具有名词的句法功能。三、时态和语态三、时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语四、四、在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语1.Collecting information is very important to business.2.Seeing is believing.3.Losing the ticket for
18、 the football match made him so unhappy.1.作主语作主语:2.作宾语作宾语:I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,等。等。1)你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?
19、Would you mind my smoking here?2)这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day to do 和doing 作宾语的区别:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do m
20、ean doing4.作定语作定语:a walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态3.作表语作表语vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语:vTom insisted on coming to the pa
21、rty.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.动名词表示被动意义:v在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.v
22、The book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.Participle 分词分词-ing 现在分词现在分词-ed 过去分词过去分词特点：具有形容词、副词的句法功能。特点：具有形容词、副词的句法功能。-ing分词分词(以以make为例为例)-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mad
23、emadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分分词在句中承担的成分:v由于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和主语和宾语宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词 过去分词 1.作定语作定语=the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1.the rising sun 2.He is a retired worker.=He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3.
24、The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4.These are goods imported from Japan.前置定语前置定语:后置定语后置定语v=The problem(which is)bothering us is the lack of money-ed 与ing 作定语的区别在哪?-ing分词表示分词表示“进行进行”-ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示“被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:=These are goods(whi
25、ch were)imported from Japan.Exercises:vThe _(work)people have played a great role in the activity.vI dont like _(can)food,I prefer something fresh.workingcannedv1.站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid.v2.最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在议论的话题都与都与2008年奥运会有关。年奥运会有关。v vThe topi
26、cs _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussedvThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviting.2.作表语作表语vWhat he said sounds_(convince).vHe was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was
27、 _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。使信服v类似情况还有：surprising surprised,v exciting excited,v tiring tired,v disappointing disappointed,v encouraging encouraged，v amazed amazing,v bored boring,v pleasing pleased,v astonishing astonished.v-ed 分词分词vSb.+Link.v+-ed分词分词v-ing分词分词 vSth.+L
28、ink.v+-ing分词分词 人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点v用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The result of the exam made me _(disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)He seemed quite _at the idea.(delight)v6)The present situation is _
29、(encourage)vThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mid-term examination.vYou cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作补语作补语1.宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语补足语主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语介词宾语补足语vI heard my sister _ that song in English outside.(sing)They once heard the song _
30、 in English.Mother heard her kid _ the door.vMother heard the door _.(open)vWith the test _(finish),we began to analyze the result.vWe _ during our last meeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决.left a lot of problems unsolvedsingingsungopeningopenedfinished分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原
31、因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语状语从句从句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语v1.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.v=Hearing the news,we jumped with joy.v2.When it is heated,the metal expands.v Heated,the metal expands.v3.Because he didnt know how to do it,h
32、e went to his father for help.v=Not knowing how to do it,he went to his father for help.v4.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.v=Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.“主动主动”“被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=v5._(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.v=If you
33、 look out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.v6._(keep)in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.v=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示条件条件Looking Kept v7.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping.v8.She walked out of the house,_by her little daughter.(follow)v9.She walked out of the house,_ her little daughter.(follow)v10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.v=Although it is considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.表示表示方式和方式和伴随情况伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered 表示表示让步让步Thanks a lot!
