1、1.damage n.&vt.损失；损害对造成损害_损害某人的健康 _严重受损_轻微受损_翻译cause/do damage todamage ones healthbe badly/seriously damagedbe slightly damaged 众所周知，每天熬夜会影响我们的健康。（stay up late）As we all know,staying up late every day will damage our health.乱扔垃圾会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。（litter）Littering everywhere will cause serious damage t
2、o our environment.2.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 _ n.效应；影响；结果_ adj.有效的翻译以下短语：影响某人/某事_被深深打动 _ 对产生影响 _ 副作用_effectaffect sb./sth.be deeply affected by.have an effect on.effectiveside effect(s)翻译：你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。大多数人被他的演讲深深打动了。What you say or do will have an effect on others.Most of the people were aff
3、ected by his lecture.3.ruin n废墟；毁灭vt毁灭；使破产翻译以下短语：成为废墟；毁灭 _ 衰落；破败不堪 _使某人的希望破灭/机会丢失 _ u表示“破坏”的单词及其区别。(1)ruin:to damage sth.so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。(3)destroy:to damage sth.so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exi
4、sts.常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭。be/lie in ruinsfall into ruinruin ones hope/chancedestroydamageruin地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟。糟糕的天气毁了我们的校运会。（sports meeting）The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.The bad weather ruined our sports meeting.4.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 _ adj.震惊的；惊讶的 _ adj.令人震惊的翻译以下短语：震惊；吃
5、惊 _ 使吃惊 _对感到震惊_文化冲击_令某人震惊的一件事_shockedshockingin shockbe a shock to.It shocked sb.that.be shocked atculture shock袁隆平死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。The new of Yuan Longpings death was so shcking that everyone was shocked at it.His situation is a great shock to us.5.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境
6、；陷阱翻译以下短语：困在中；陷在中_ 诱使某人(做)某事 _ 落入圈套/陷阱 _ 因为停电，他们被困在电梯里。（power failure）他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。（question）be trapped intrap sb into (doing)sthfall into a trapThey were trapped in the lift because of power failure.They trapped him into telling the truth by clever questioning.6.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心翻译以下短语：双手
7、掩面_埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 _ 翻译我们专心致志地学习，因为考试即将到来。当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面哭泣。bury ones face in ones hands be buried in.We are buried in our study for the exam is coming.When she heard the bad news,she buried her face in her hands.7.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力翻译以下短语：尽全力做某事_不遗余力地做某事_ 为了做某事_ make every effort to do sth.spare no ef
8、fort to do sth.in an effort to do sth.你应该更加努力学习。依我看来，我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境。In my opinion,we should spare no effort to protect our environment.You should make a greater effort to study.8.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 _ n.苦难；痛苦 _n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 翻译以下短语：遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫困/艰难 _ 受之苦；患病 _ sufferingssufferersuffer
9、pain/a defeat/a loss/poverty/hardshipsuffer from 近年来我们遭受多种灾难之苦。很多国家在疫情中遭受了重大损失。We have suffered from many kinds of disasters in the recent years.Many countries suffered great loss during the epidemic.9.supply npl.补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt.供应；供给翻译以下短语为某人提供某物 _ 供水_ 医疗用品_ 供应短缺_ 因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。wate
10、r supplymedical supplysupply sb.with sth.in short supplyThe internet supplies us with much information every day.10.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 _ n幸存者 _ nU 幸存；C 残存物翻译以下短语：幸免于；从中挺过来/活过来_ 从时存活下来，流传下来 _ 依靠生存下来 _ A比B活得长 _ survivorsurvivalsurvive sth.survive from.survive onA survive B(by.)没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。
11、有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。No one survived the terrible accident.Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.11.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定翻译以下短语平静下来_使某人平静/镇定下来 _ 保持镇静 _ 在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。他深呼吸以让自己平静下来。（take a deep breath）calm downcalm sb.downstay/keep calmIt is important to keep calm in th
12、e face of danger.He took a deep breath to calm himself down.12.strike vt.&vi.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；击打；报时；罢工；突然想起 n.罢工；罢课短语：我突然想起 _ 被打动_举行罢工 _ 翻译：我突然想到，我还没完成作业。游客们都被西湖的美景深深打动了。It strikes/struck me that.be struck with/bybe on strikeIt strikes me that I havent finished my homework.Visitors are dee
13、ply struck by the beauty of the West Lake.13.deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表(演说等)；接生翻译以下短语：投递/运送某物给_ 发表演说 _ 校长在开学典礼上发表了演讲。（the opening ceremony）妈妈每天都用美味食物投喂我。deliver sth.to.deliver a speech/lectureOur headmaster delivered a speech in the opening ceremony.My mother delivers delicious food to me every day.
14、15.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛到了世界末日！as ifas though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。用法总结：(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。例句 Look at the cloud
15、s in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rainLets hurry up He talks to them as if they _(be)children(与现在事实相反)He talks about Rome as if he _(be)there before(与过去事实相反)He opened his mouth as if he _(say)something(与将来事实相反)werehad beenwould say 16.Thousands of children were left without parents.leave+宾补
16、宾补+宾语宾语leave 是使役动词“让处于(某种状态、某地等)”本句是“leave+宾语+宾补（介词短语）”结构的被动式，宾补变为主语Thousands of children的补足语。16.Thousands of children were left without parents.leave+宾语+宾补形容词/副词/介词短语名词（多表示一种结果）现在分词（表示主动及动作或状 态的延续）过去分词（表示被动或动作的完成）例句：It is cruel of him to leave the poor beggar outside.I could have left my purse in t
17、he supermarket because I cant find it.His parents died two years ago,leaving him an orphan.Kates sudden leaving left us all _(wonder)what was going to happen.He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast _(untouch).wonderinguntouched17.I was having breakfast with my three children w
18、hen water started filling my home.be doing.when.“正在做这时”(when相当于and at this/that time)be about to do.when.正要做这时had just done.when.刚做完这时翻译句子:当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。我刚刚上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。We were having a meeting when someon broke in.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rainI had just
19、gone to bed when the telephone rang.18.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.make it difficult to deliver (1)v.(动词)+itadj./n.(宾补)to do/that从句 当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think，believe，find，consider，feel等。it作形式宾语真正
20、的宾语18.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(2)make宾语宾语补足语名词名词/形容词形容词不带不带toto的不定式的不定式过去分词过去分词介词短语介词短语翻译：精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering this technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively.我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。I find
21、it difficult to remember these words in a short time.19.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.uv.ing和和to do结构作结果状语结构作结果
22、状语:(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果。结果。(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。用所给词的适当形式填空 I have learned you are trying to lose weigt,_(hope)to become more beautiful Her parents died in the earthquake,_(leave)her an orphan He hurried to the theatre,only _(find)that the tickets had
23、 been sold outhopingleavingto find一、填入适当的单词使句子完整。1.It was very difficult to _ the drowning boy in the sea,but he didnt give up any hope.2.A terrible typhoon swept across the area,causing great _ to the local economy.3.Millions of people in the world have been _by COVID-19.4.They plant herbs(药草)next
24、to the wall to _ them from the wind.5.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit got _.rescuedamageaffectedshelterruined6.The news _the public,leading to great concern about students safety at school.7.There was a power failure,they were _in the lift.8.He was _ in a novel,so he didn t n
25、otice me come in.9.Life is a process of fighting and no one can achieve success without _.10.It is shocking to see those patients _ from poverty and disease and we all want to do something to help them.11.With the environment seriously polluted,we find it hard to _ fresh air.12.Many bird didnt _ the
26、 severe winter.shockedtrappedburiedeffortsufferingbreathesurvive二、选择正确的短语填空：in shock sweep away as if lay in ruins have an effect on suffer from crash into stay calm come to an end on hand survive on be buried in 1.Everyone wishes the war would _ soon.2.It seems _ you have something on your mind.3.H
27、ow does the family _ such a small monthly wage?come to an endas ifsurvive on4.She was _ for about two weeks after the accident.5.Three days later,the fire was put out and some 500 blocks _.6.Global warming is _ hundreds of plants and animal species around the world.7.When facing difficulties and cha
28、llenges I always _ and get ready to overcome them.8.As far as I know，he has ever_ a serious illness.in shocklay in ruinshaving an effect onstay calmsuffered from9.He _ his study，so he didnt know that all the others had left.10.His car _ the tree and get burnt right away.11.The town was _ in the earthquake.12.Keep plenty of tissues(纸巾)_ so that youre prepared when your nose drips.was buried incrashed intoswept awayon hand
