1、UNIT 5LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDDiscovering Useful StructuresGrammarLets have a review1.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times.(P62)2.People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times
2、.(P62)3.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.(P62)4.It dates back to several thousand years to the use of longgu ancient Chinese people.(P62)5.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese
3、 writing system began to develop in one direction.(P62)Activity 1relative pronouns 关系代词关系代词指人指人who(主语，宾语主语，宾语)whom(宾语宾语)whose(定语定语)that(主语，宾语主语，宾语)指物指物whose(定语定语)that(主语，宾语主语，宾语)which(主语，宾语主语，宾语)Activity 11 Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses.What kind of informati
4、on does each clause communicate?It was a time when people were divided geographically.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.These were an
5、imal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.Describe your favourite things Activity 2It was a time when people were divided geographically.Information：a time for an event when.geographically 是定语从句，修饰 a time，when 在从句中作时间状语。Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major st
6、ates into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.Information：a location for an event where.direction 是定语从句，修饰 one unified country，where 在从句中作地点状语。There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.Information：a reason for an action why.language
7、 是定语从句，修饰reasons，why 在从句中作原因状语。These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.Information：a location for an action on which.people 是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰 animal bones and shells，on which=on the animal bones and shells。Activity 2Fill in the table to complete e
8、ach phrase with a restrictive relative clause.Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.Activity 2Activity 2When I started studying German，it was a struggle/strl/.The words felt strange on my tongue/t/，and the grammar would not stay in my head.I told my mum that I wanted to give up，and that I
9、would never live in a country _ German was spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.And I remember that day _ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.It fe
10、lt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a place _ I could think in this foreign language，and I could see the world from a different point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal _ I had been fighting for.I could open a book and see meanings，not just a sea of words.I finally un
11、derstood the reason _my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks，Mum!Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.Add a preposition where necessary.where/in whichwhen/on whichwhere/at whichthat/whichwhy Activity 3Language points核心词汇教材原句p.64When I started studying German，it w
12、as a struggle.当我开始学习德语的时候，那是一件很难的事。1 struggle n.&vi.（1）n.斗争；奋斗；搏斗；挣扎a power/leadership struggle权力的争夺/领导权的斗争a struggle for independence争取独立的斗争the struggle between good and evil善恶之争She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。题组练领悟方法（2）vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗for 为（争取）而斗争/奋斗with/against 与作斗争to
13、 do sth.努力做某事to ones feet 挣扎着站起来a country struggling for independence 为独立而奋斗的国家She has been struggling against her illness for many years.她已经与疾病抗争了许多年。Shes struggling to bring up her children on a very low income.她以微薄的收入艰难地抚养自己的孩子。搭配：搭配：struggle单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）2019江苏卷He struggled _（explain）what he he
14、ard in his head.（2）It was _ struggle for the poor family to earn a living on the little farm.（3）The country is struggling _ peace.（4）Dina，_（struggle）for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.完成句子完成句子（5）Man _（一直与作斗争）nature.（6）Though he was badly inju
15、red，he _（挣扎着站了起来）.to explainaforhaving struggledhas been struggling with/againststruggled to his feet教材原句p.64.I could see the world from a different point of view.我能从不同的角度看这个世界。2 point of view 观点；看法搭配搭配：from ones point of view 依照某人的观点，在某人看来There are a number of different points of view on this issue
16、.关于这个问题有许多不同的观点。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】have/get a good view of 好好欣赏/观看in ones view 按照某人的观点，在某人看来come into view 进入视野You can hear the roar and see the mist rise into the air before the falls come into view.瀑布尚未映入眼帘之前，你就可以听到怒吼般的水声，看到袅袅升至空中的雾气。完成句子完成句子（1）I respect your _（观点），but Im not sure I agree with you.（2）_（在我看
17、来），there is no way they can win.（3）You can _（好好欣赏）the beautiful sunrise and sunset from the window.point of viewFrom my point of view/In my view/In my opinionhave/get a good view of重点句式教材原句p.64.the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越发达。1 the+比较级，the+比较级“the+比较级
18、（+主语+谓语），the+比较级（+主语+谓语）”意为“越，就越”。The more he drank，the more violent he became.他喝得越多，就变得越狂暴。The more，the better.多多益善。【学法点拨学法点拨】在“the+比较级（+主语+谓语），the+比较级（+主语+谓语）”结构中，第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句谓语用一般现在时表将来，第二个“the+比较级”中谓语用一般将来时。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】比较级+and+比较级more and more+多音节形容词原级越来越单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The
19、 _（hard）you work，the more progress you will make.（2）The more a person _（read），the wiser he or she will become.（3）With the winter approaching，the day becomes shorter _ shorter.完成句子完成句子（4）越早越好。The sooner，_.（5）你越小心，你犯的错误就越少。_，the fewer mistakes you will make.（6）她发现那项工作越来越缺乏吸引力了。She found the job _ attr
20、active.harderreadsandthe betterThe more careful you areless and less单元语法定语从句（）关系副词的用法1 概述当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why。关系副词的作用如下：（1）指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；（2）在从句中充当句子成分状语；（3）起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where（in
21、which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？找出句中的关系副词及定语从句修饰的先行词找出句中的关系副词及定语从句修饰的先行词（1）There was a time when I hated to go to school.（2）It is a world of wonders，a world where anything can happen.（3）The reason why he did not come is quite clear.关系副词
22、：when；先行词：a time关系副词：where；先行词：a world关系副词：why；先行词：the reason2 关系副词引导的定语从句（1）when 引导的定语从句when 表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词如time，day，week，year 等。There comes a time when you have to make a choice.你必须作出抉择的时候到了。Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。Well put off th
23、e picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点儿。【误区警示误区警示】当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句既可用when 引导，也可以用that 或which 引导，关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用when 引导；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。Dont forget the time（that/which）Ive told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。I can never forget the days when
24、we worked together.我永远不会忘记我们一起工作的日子。（2）where 引导的定语从句where 表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词如place，factory，house，village 等，或表示抽象地点的名词如position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere 等。This is the village where he was born.这就是他出生的村子。Mary was working in Aubury，where she went daily in a bus.玛丽在奥伯里工作，
25、每天得坐公共汽车去上班。【误区警示误区警示】当先行词是地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导定语从句。He works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.他在一家电视机厂工作。（3）why 引导的定语从句why 表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示理由的名词reason。We dont know the reason why he didnt show up.我们不知道他为什么没有来。【误区警示误区警示】若代替先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用
26、that 或 which 引导定语从句。The reason that/which they told you is not true.他们给你的理由是不真实的。【学法点拨学法点拨】关系代词与关系副词的选用用法依据根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据关系词在从句中所作的成分若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）We will never forget the day _ we flew at an altitude of 6，000 meters in the sky.（2）Finally
27、，we got to a factory，_ many mobile phones of high quality were produced.（3）Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.（4）This is the house _ was built by my grandfather forty years ago.（5）I dont know the reason _ he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterd
28、ay.（6）I wont listen to the reason _ you have given us.whenwherewherethat/whichwhythat/which用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空，并比较它们的句法功能用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空，并比较它们的句法功能（7）a.Do you still remember the days _we chatted with each other all night?b.Do you still remember the days _we spent together on the farm?（8）a.This is the fa
29、ctory _ I visited last year.b.This is the factory _ he used to work.（9）a.Is this the museum _ was built last year?b.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?判断正误判断正误（10）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（）（11）This is the mountain village（that/which）I visited last year.（）（12）
30、I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（）（13）Ill never forget the days（that/which）I spent in the countryside.（）whenthat/whichthat/whichwherethat/whichwhereFTFT3“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系副词 when，where，why 引导定语从句时，关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”代替。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which 或whom，不可用th
31、at 或who。先行词指物时用 which，先行词指人时用 whom。when=at/in/during/on+whichwhere=in/at/on+whichwhy=for+which（1）介词选择的三原则：一先、二动、三意义。一先：根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.（表示具体的某一天，介词用on）The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.（“朝方向”，介词用in）二动：根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定。This is not
32、the book of which the teacher spoke in class.（speak of 意为“谈论”，相当于talk about）The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.（be/feel proud of 为固定短语，意为“以自豪”）【误区警示误区警示】有些含有介词的固定动词短语一般不能将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to，look for，care for，hear from，hear of，take care of 等。This is the w
33、atch which/that I am looking for.（正确）This is the watch for which I am looking.（错误）三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体称为氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。（2）“介词+关系代词”的结构“介词+which”在定语从句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when，where 和why。I still remember the day on which（=when）I
34、first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。The factory in which（=where）I work is a large one.我工作的那家工厂是一个大工厂。“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句中的主谓常常要倒装。They arrived at a farm house，in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，农舍前边坐着一个小男孩。“不定代词或数词+of+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。China has
35、 a lot of islands，one of which is Hainan Island.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是海南岛。“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。The man，from whom I learned the news，is an engineer.这个人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这个消息的。“名词+of which”代替“whose+名词”在定语从句中作定语。I saw some trees，the leaves of which（=whose leaves）were black with disease.我看见一些树，它
36、们的叶子因患病而发黑。“介词+which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后面的名词。It rained all night and all day，during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。单句语法填空单句语法填空the day _ which I settled in China.the days _ which I lived here.the month _ which I stayed there._ which I spent 5 dollars._ which I paid 5 dollars.
37、_ which I learnt a lot._ which Tom often talks.（3）My computer，_ which I cant surf the Internet，crashed yesterday.（4）This is the man _ whom you could turn for help.（5）Shes the very person in _ bag I found my lost journal.（1）I remember（2）This is the bookonduringinonforfromaboutwithouttowhose同义句转换同义句转换
38、（1）The date when I joined the army was October 12，1960.The date _ _ I joined the army was October 12，1960.（2）The house where Mark lived is now a library.The house _ _ Mark lived is now a library.（3）Is that the reason why she suddenly changed her mind?Is that the reason_ _ she suddenly changed her mi
39、nd?（4）The old man has two sons，and both of them are lawyers.The old man has two sons，_ _ _ are lawyers.（5）词汇复现The building had been repaired，whose roof was destroyed again in the big fire.The building had been repaired，_ _ _ _was destroyed again in the big fire.on whichin whichfor whichBoth of whomof which the roof/the roof of whichTHE END
