1、1.despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管尽管历史跌宕起伏。历史跌宕起伏。despite prep.used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it 即使即使;尽管尽管 e.g.All the people on the ship were in safety despite the storm.despite+v.-ingdespite+what从句从句despite the fact+tha
2、t从句从句e.g.Trouble can arise despite forming a good relationship.She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)_ their many differences,all human beings share several defining characteristics,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs
3、.2)Despite _(apply)for hundreds of jobs,he hasnt found one.3)Even _ you exercise for only 30 minutes every day,it will be good for your health.Despite applyingif2.There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体
4、系。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。the reason+why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句先行词为先行词为the reason且关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原且关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语时，常用因状语时，常用why或或for which来引导。来引导。e.g.This is the reason why more and more people always commit a crime.The reason(why)is that(的的)原因是原因是It/This/That is because 这这/那是因为那是因为(because后接原因后接原因)It
5、/This/That is why 这这/那是为什么那是为什么(why后接结果后接结果)e.g.The reason why Jack made an apology to Mary is that he misunderstood her.Tom was late for work this morning.That was because he was caught in traffic.That is why I voted against him.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)He fell asleep during the lecture.This was _
6、 he got bored with it.2)The reason _ he missed the bus was that he got up late.3)He failed the exam again.The reason was _ he was too careless.becausewhythat3.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.汉字汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。在最初是一种基于图形的语言。based adj.if one thing is based on another,it u
7、ses it or is developed from it 以以(某事某事)为基础的；以为基础的；以为重要部分为重要部分(或特征或特征)的的 【链接链接】base vt.以以为据点；以为据点；以为基础为基础 base on/upon.=be based on 以以为基础为基础/根据根据e.g.He based his ideas on/upon scientific experiments.This novel is based on historical facts.base n.底部；底部；根据根据搭配搭配:at the base of 在在底部底部 the air base 空军基地空
8、军基地base+-ic basic adj.基本基本的的,基础的基础的;初级的初级的;必需必需的的basic+-ally basically adv.基本上基本上;从根本上从根本上说说【语境应用语境应用】写出下列句子中写出下列句子中base的词性和含义。的词性和含义。1)Their relationship was based on trust._ _ 2)The base of the castle is solid rock._ _ 3)They decided to base the organization in Beijing._ _名词名词 底部底部，底座，底座 动词动词 以以为基
9、础为基础/根据根据 动词动词 以以为为据点据点(或总部等或总部等),把把(总部等总部等)设设在在 4.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期古代中国人在这些古代中国人在这些骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。date back to：go back to 追溯到追溯到e.g.
10、The classic architecture can date back to the 12th century.【注意注意】(1)date back后接表示后接表示一段时间一段时间的名词。的名词。date back to相当于相当于date from,后接时间点。后接时间点。e.g.The history of their family dates back hundreds of years and the house where they live dates back to the 18th century.(2)date back to 不用于被动语态不用于被动语态，也不用于进行
11、时态也不用于进行时态，但在句，但在句中可以用中可以用现在分词短语现在分词短语作后置定语。作后置定语。e.g.Cambridge dating back to the 13th century is the university in Britain which many students dream about.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back _ between 3000 and 5000 years a
12、go.2)The old building _(date)back to the Tang Dynasty is still in good condition.3)its a tradition that _(date)back at least 300 years.todatingdates5.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇秦始皇统一
13、七个统一七个诸侯国诸侯国 后，在这个后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。major adj.very large or important,when compared to other things or people of a similar kind 主要的主要的;重要的重要的;大大的的 e.g.The governments major concern is with preventing road accidents.Smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.n.the main su
14、bject that a student studies at college or university 主修课程主修课程 someone studying a particular subject as their main subject at college or university 主修主修学生学生 e.g.What is your major,English or French?She is a history major.vi.to study something as your main subject at college or university 主修主修major i
15、n 主修主修e.g.Laura is majoring in physics.to pay particular attention to one subject or thing 专门专门研究研究 e.g.The company is planning to major on offering the machines we need.majority n.大多数大多数；大半；大半the majority of 大多数大多数【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Li Ming wants to major _ physics at college.2)One-third of
16、the country is covered with trees and the _(major)of the citizens are natives.inmajority6.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。意义。was of great importance属于属于“be of+抽象名词抽象名词”结构，相结构，相当于当于was very impo
17、rtant。be of+抽象名词抽象名词(1)可以转化为同根形容词的可以转化为同根形容词的“be of+抽象名词抽象名词”用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有性或意义等。这类名词有value,use,importance,help,significance,benefit等。名词前可用等。名词前可用no,some,any,little,much,great等修饰等修饰。(2)不可以转化为同根形容词的不可以转化为同根形容词的“be of+抽象名词抽象名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特
18、征。这类名词有颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color,size,age,height,weight,shape,type,kind,price,quality等，名词前等，名词前可用可用different,the same,a(n)等来修饰等来修饰。e.g.These pens are of many different colors.Your suitcase is of the same size with mine.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Children need friends _(与他们同龄的与他们同龄的)to play with.2)Its necess
19、ary to be prepared for a job interview.Having the answers ready will _(很有帮很有帮助助).3)Although it is a second-hand table,_ _(它非常有价值它非常有价值).of their own age be of great help/be very helpful its of great value/its very valuable7.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,th
20、ey can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写仍然能通过书写(汉字汉字)进行交流。进行交流。no matter where为为no matter+疑问词结构，疑问词结构，“不论不论；不管不管”“no matter+疑问词疑问词”引导引导让步状语从句让步状语从句。no matter：不管，无论，与：不管，无论，与what/who/when/where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/
21、whoever/whenever/wherever/however等。等。e.g.No matter how complicated the situation was,he could deal with it successfully.No matter what happens,Ill always be there for you!No matter where I want to go,it must be quiet and could make me regain the strength.【注意注意】whatever,whichever,whoever既可以引导既可以引导让步状
22、语从句让步状语从句，又，又可以引导可以引导名词性从句名词性从句，引导名词性从句时，引导名词性从句时，不可以替换为不可以替换为“no matter+what/which/who”形式。形式。e.g.Whatever David says sounds right to Helen.Thats why she has made up her mind to be with him whatever/no matter what happens.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)不管在哪里，他都养成了早餐前散步的习惯。不管在哪里，他都养成了早餐前散步的习惯。_,he makes it a
23、rule to go for a walk before breakfast.2)无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。_,we must keep calm.No matter where/Wherever he is Whatever/No matter what happened8.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligra
24、phy,中国人中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术艺术形式形式书法，书法，regard n.respect and admiration for someone or something 尊重尊重 attention or consideration that is shown towards someone or something 关注关注常常pl.greetings 问候问候;致意致意have a high regard for 钦佩钦佩hold sb./sth.in high regard 敬重敬重give ones reg
25、ards to 代代某人向某人向问候问候with/in regard to 关于关于;有关有关e.g.I have a high regard for Tom because hes so wonderful.Please give my regards to your parentsPlease give my regards to your parents.vt.to think about someone or something in a particular way 把把视为；视为；看待看待regardas 把把看作；认为看作；认为是是e.g.We always regard him
26、 as a friend,but he showed his colours in the current emergency.regarding prep.关于；有关关于；有关【语境应用语境应用】语法语法填空。填空。1)Please give my _(regard)to your mother if you see her.2)He has no regard _ other peoples feeling.3)Mountains are regarded _ spiritual places by many cultures.regardsforas9.,an increasing nu
27、mber of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.,越来越多的国际越来越多的国际学生学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言欣开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言欣赏赏中国的文化和中国的文化和历史。历史。appreciate vt.to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏欣赏;重视重视 to be grateful for sth.that sb.has d
28、one 感激感激 to understand that sth.is true 领会领会 vi.to increase in value over a period of time增值增值appreciate(ones)doing sth.感激感激(某人某人)做某事做某事I would appreciate it if 如果如果我将不胜感激我将不胜感激e.g.We appreciate your helping us.I would appreciate it if you could point out my shortcomings.Houses will appreciate in va
29、lue.【注意注意】1)appreciate后面只能接后面只能接“事事”作宾语，不作宾语，不 能接能接“人人”作宾语。作宾语。2)appreciate后不接后不接to do作宾语作宾语,也不能直接跟从句也不能直接跟从句,需需先接形式宾语先接形式宾语it,再接从句再接从句,构成构成 I would appreciate it if 句型。句型。appreciation n.感激感激show appreciation to 向向表示感谢表示感谢in appreciation of/for 感谢感谢【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation.2)We didnt appreciate that he was seriously ill.3)Id appreciate it if you would turn the radio down.看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。我们没有意识到他的病情很严重。我们没有意识到他的病情很严重。如果你把收音机的音量调低一些，我会不胜感激。如果你把收音机的音量调低一些，我会不胜感激。
