1、Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Discover Useful StructuresPeriod II Discovering Useful Structures1.语言知识：compete,pretend，cheat，audience,make sense,even if/even though 引导让步状语从句，附加疑问句等。2.语言技能：能够正确运用附加疑问句进行口头表达和书面表达；说出自己对体育精神的看法；学会表达同意与不同意；以批判的眼光看待问题，并做出理性的思考和判断。核心词汇 1.An athlete should think about honour and
2、 his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.一名运动员如果为他/她的祖国而竞争，那就应该考虑荣誉和他/她的崇拜者。compete vi.竞争；对抗；参加比赛竞争；对抗；参加比赛 It is difficult for a small grocery store to compete with a supermarket.Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.How many countries competed in
3、the ancient Olympic Games?总结总结compete with/against.(for.)(为得到为得到)与与竞争竞争compete for sth 为某事物而竞争为某事物而竞争compete in.参加参加 联想词联想词 competition.竞争者；对手竞争者；对手 competition.比赛；竞赛比赛；竞赛 The prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Ppetitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的竞争的；有竞争力的 Competitive sports encoura
4、ge children to work together as a team.牛刀小试 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。He came first in the poetry_(compete).Our firm is no longer_(compete)in the world market.The firm has better products than its_(compete).Several countries are competing _the chance to host the game.We are competing _several compani
5、es for the petitioncompetitivecompetitorsforwith/against 2.That doesnt make any sense!那个没有任何意义！教材 P41 make sense have a clear meaning有意义；讲得通；有道理；make sth easy to understand表述清楚 Add these phrases to the rhyme so that it makes sense.No matter how I tried to read it,the message did not make sense to me
6、.make something reasonable是明智的；合乎情理 It would make sense to leave early.联想拓展 make no sense 无意义；讲不通无意义；讲不通(主语是物主语是物)These words are put together but make no sense.这些词被堆砌在一起，但是毫无意义。make(no)sense to sb对某人来说讲得对某人来说讲得(不不)通；对某人来说有通；对某人来说有(无无)意义意义 Towels that hang there just to look pretty make no sense to
7、me.make sense of sth理解某事；弄懂某事理解某事；弄懂某事(主语是人主语是人)You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can make sense of what he says.牛刀小试牛刀小试翻译句子。It makes sense to take good care of yourself.Can you make sense of the poem?Your words dont make sense to me.照顾好你自己是明智的。照顾好你自己是明智的。你能看懂那首诗吗？。你能看懂那首诗吗？。你的话对我
8、来说没有意义。你的话对我来说没有意义。3.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.即使假摔对球队有利，一名足球运动员也不应该那样做。pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮假装；装扮 Miss Harper closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.He pretended not to know the facts.他佯装不知实情。She pretended to be doing her homework when the teac
9、her came in.When asked about the content of the book,he pretended to have read it.She pretended(that)she was not at home when we rang the bell.归纳总结归纳总结pretend(not)to do sth 假装假装(没没)做某事做某事 pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth假装做了某事假装做了某事 pretend+that从句从句 假装假装牛刀小试牛刀小试 在空白处填入括号
10、内单词的正确形式。She pretended_(sleep)when her mother came in.He pretended_(forget)the conversation after that night.He pretended to his family_ everything was fine.I passed by Joan quickly without greeting her,pretending not _(see)her.to be sleepingto forgetthatto see 4.You should never cheat.你绝对不应该作弊。教材 P
11、41 cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 I hope you wouldnt lower yourself to cheat in the examination.A cheat cheated him out of his money.常用搭配 be caught cheating作弊被抓住 cheat sb(out)of sth从某人那里骗得某物；从某人那里骗得某物；(用不正当手段用不正当手段)阻止某人得阻止某人得到某物到某物 n.C骗子；作弊者；欺诈行为；欺骗手段 His addiction has turned him into a cheat and a liar.牛刀
12、小试在空白处填入1个适当的单词或指号内单词的正确形式。He was cheated out _ all his possessions.Peter was caught _(cheat)in the exam.In another culture,he would be considered _cheat and may be subject to death.ofcheatinga 5.I see what you mean,but the audience wants fair play.我我明白你的意思，但是观众想要的是公平竞争。明白你的意思，但是观众想要的是公平竞争。audience
13、n.观众；听众；读者观众；听众；读者 The audience began clapping and cheering.A radio announcer may have an audience of millions.Says writings reached a wide audience during his lifetime.特别注意特别注意 当audience作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.那出戏的首次公演之夜，观众非常热情。形容听众人数多或少，通
14、常用large，small，crowded等形容词修饰。There was a large audience of young people at the pop concert.Her lecture had a crowded audience.牛刀小试 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。_audience applauded loudly at the end of the concert.The game show attracts_ audience of 12 million.The audience_(shock)by the scene of violence.
15、Theanwas shocked句子探究 I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.【句意】我同意这个观点，即使假摔对球队有利，一名足球运动员也不应该那样做。知识拓展知识拓展even if/even though引导让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句，一般译为“即使；虽然”，从句往往是假设性的，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I felt that it would be a vict
16、ory for us even if we lost the game.(2018天津)Even if we achieve great success in our work,we should not be proud.牛刀小试牛刀小试 根据汉语提示补全句子。_（即使明天下雨),we wont change our plan.He went out,_(尽管在下雨)._（尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识)，I had a nice time.Theyll stand by you _(即使你不成功).Even if/though it rains tomorroweven if/though i
17、t was rainingEven if/though I didnt know anyoen/anybody at the partyeven if/though you dont succeed语法精讲 附加疑问句附加疑问句 附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，它表示提问人对自己的看法没有把握，需要对方证实。1.附加疑问句的组成 附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。(1)肯定式陈述部分+否定式疑问部分 She was ill yesterday,wasnt she?她昨天病了，不是吗？语法精讲 附加疑问句 特别注意 如果陈述部分出
18、现否定前缀un,in-,ir,dis-或后缀-less，该陈述部分当作肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。Tom dislikes the book,doesnt he?牛刀小试牛刀小试Theres hardly any milk in the bottle,_?He has never ridden a horse before,_?He seldom came here,_?He disagrees with his parents,_?These tools are useless now,_?Youve never visited the Great Wall,_?is ther
19、ehas hedid hedoesnt hearent theyhave you (2)否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分He cant ride a bike,can he?他不会骑自行车，是吗？特别注意特别注意陈述部分含有no，nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。He can hardly write his name,can he?2.附加疑问句的回答 (1)当陈述句部分是肯定结构，附加疑问句部分用否定式提问时，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。He li
20、kes playing football,doesnt he?他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.是的，他喜欢。/不是，他不喜欢。(2)当陈述句部分是否定结构，附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。His sister didnt attend the meeting,did she?Yes,she did.,she didnt.牛刀小试根据句意补全句子。Youve never seen dinosaur eggs,have you?_.How I wish to visit t
21、he Dinosaur World.They dont work hard,do they?_.They are The most hard-working students in our class.No,I haventYes,they do 3主语的选择 陈述部分主语和附加疑问句主语在人称和数量上保持一致的几种情况：陈述部分主语附加疑问句主语例句one(泛指人)one/he/you One cant be too careful,can one/he/you?一个人要再三小心，对吗？This,that,非谓语形式itThat isnt correct,is it?那不对，是吗？Seein
22、g is believing,isnt it?眼见为实，不是吗？These,thosetheyThese are your friends,arent they?这些是你的朋友，不是吗？Everything,Anything,Something,nothingitNothing happened to him,did it?他没出什么事，是吗？Everything seems all right now,doesnt it?现在一切似乎都很好，不是吗？Everyone(body)Anyone(body)Someone(body)No one(nobody)He/theyNobody likes
23、 to be laughed at,does he/do they?没有人喜欢被嘲笑，是吗？There bethereTheres no help for it,is there?没有办法了，是吗？主语由neither-nor-或both-and-连接根据实际逻辑意义而定Both you and he are doctors,arent you?你和他都是医生，不是吗？Neither you nor I am wrong,are we?你我都没错，是吗？牛刀小试 完成下列附加疑问句。There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately a
24、fter the concert ended,_?No one failed in the last examination,_？Everything is ready,_？Everyone knows the answer,_？Somebody phoned you while I was out,_？wasnt theredid they/heisnt itdoesnt they/doesnt hedidnt they/he牛刀小试 Something has been done to stop pollution,_?This is very important for students
25、,_？Those are your books,_？Collecting stamps is his hobby,_？To become a great writer is his dream,_？Neither you nor he is good at maths,_？isnt itarent theyisnt itisnt itisnt itare you 4 谓语的选择 (1)陈述部分谓语为have/has/had 表示“拥有”，附加疑问句谓语用have或do的相应形式均可。They have a house in town,havent they/dont they?他们在城里有房子
26、，不是吗？不表示“拥有”，用do的相应形式。He has lunch at school,doesnt he?他在学校吃午饭，不是吗？(2)陈述部分谓语含有情态动词have/has/had to时，疑问部分用do的相应形式。We have to get there at eight,dont we?我们必须八点到那里，不是吗？(3)陈述部分谓语含有情态动词used to时，附加疑问句谓语用didnt或usednt。The old man used to smoke,didnt/usednt he?那个老人以前抽烟，不是吗？(4)陈述部分谓语含有must，表示“必须”时，附加疑问句谓语用must
27、nt或neednt。I must answer the call,mustnt/neednt I?我必须接电话，不是吗？(5)陈述部分谓语含有need 作情态动词，附加疑问句谓语用need。We need not do it again,need we?我们不需要再做了，是吗？作实义动词，附加疑问句谓语用do的相应形式。She doesnt need to finish all this work tonight,does she?她不必今晚就完成所有工作，是吗？牛刀小试 完成下列附加疑问句。You must work hard next term,_?We need not go to sc
28、hool,_?They have no time to visit the museum,_？He used to get up at 6:30,_?They need our help badly at the moment,_?Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned,_?Her daughter had to clean the carpets and curtains,_？The teacher had a talk with you,_?mustnt/neednt youneed wedo/have theydidnt/use
29、dnt youdont theydidnt shedidnt shedidnt he/she 5 特殊句式的附加疑问句特殊句式的附加疑问句 (1)并列句的附加疑问句的主语和谓语遵循并列句的附加疑问句的主语和谓语遵循“就近原则就近原则”。We must study hard or we cant pass the exam,can we?(2)宾语从句宾语从句 主句主语是第一人称，且含有主句主语是第一人称，且含有think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 等动词时，疑问部分的主语和动词形式和从句一致。等动词时，疑问部分的主语和动词形式和从句一致。We b
30、elieve she can do it better,cant she?I dont think he is bright,is he?(否定前移，疑问部分用肯定否定前移，疑问部分用肯定)主句主语是第二、三人称，疑问部分的主语和动词形式跟主句一致。主句主语是第二、三人称，疑问部分的主语和动词形式跟主句一致。He said that he would like to visit the Great Wall,didnt he?(3)祈使句 肯定祈使句，附加疑问句通常用will/wont you；否定祈使句，用 will you。Take a rest,will/wont you?休息一下，好吗
31、？Dont open the door,will you?别开门，好吗？Lets引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用shall we。Lets go to the park,shall we?我们去公园，好吗？Let us引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you。Let us have a look,will you?让我们看看，好吗？Let me引导的祈使句，附加疑问句用will you或may I。Let me have a rest,may I/will you?让我休息一下，好吗？(4)感叹句附加疑问句的谓语用be动词的一般现在时的否定式。What a lucky day,isnt it?多幸
32、运的一天啊，不是吗？牛刀小试牛刀小试 完成下列附加疑问句。She says that I did it,_?I guess she taught herself Japanese,_?Its my sons wedding next week,and I have to do my best for that,_？Tom has been writing letters all afternoon,but he should have finished them by now,_?Lets have a basketball match this afternoon,_？Let us go out for a rest,_?Dont forget to give Polly some food and change her water,_？Tell me how to operate the electronic computer,_？What beautiful flowers,_?doesnt shedidnt shedont I shouldnt heshall heshall we will youwill/wont youarent they
