1、disaster灾难；灾害名词（名词（n.)n.)natural disaster自然灾害自然灾害tornado龙卷风；旋风名词（名词（n.)n.)tornadoes/tornados龙卷风龙卷风drought旱灾；久旱名词（名词（n.)n.)词源：词源：dry干旱的；干燥的干旱的；干燥的Your hair is not wet anymore.Its _(干燥的）A _is when a land doesnt have enough waterdrydroughtlandslide崩塌；滑坡名词（名词（n.)n.)tsunami海啸名词（名词（n.)n.)flood洪水名词（名词（n.)n
2、.)volcanic eruption火山喷发magnitude震级rescue营救；救援名词和动词（名词和动词（n.&n.&v.)v.)damage损害；破坏名词（名词（n.&v.)n.&v.)destroy摧毁；毁灭动词（动词（v.)v.)evacuate疏散；撤出动词（动词（v.)v.)helicopter直升机名词（名词（n.)n.)shelter避难所；居所保护；掩蔽名词或动词（名词或动词（n.&v.)n.&v.)crack裂缝；裂纹破裂名词或动词（名词或动词（n.&v.)n.&v.)shock震惊；休克名词或动词（名词或动词（n.&v.)n.&v.)in shockin shock
3、震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊shocked震惊的in shockin shock震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊shocking shocking 令人震惊的令人震惊的disastertornadodraughtlandslidetsunamifloodvolcanic eruptionrescuehelicopterevacuationcrackshockrescue营救；救援名词和动词（名词和动词（n.&v.)n.&v.)rescue:rescued-rescued rescuing拓展：come to sbs rescue=rescue sb.援救某人 rescuefrom 把从营救出来1.The fire
4、men rescued a baby _the flood.1.When we are trapped in the ruins,the soldiers _ us.fromrescueddamagerescue:damaged-damaged damaging拓展：cause/do damage to 对对造成损害造成损害damage ones health损害某人的健康损害某人的健康serious/minor damage 重大的/轻微的损坏 brain damage 脑损伤1.The drought has done great damage _ the crops.2.众所周知,吸烟会
5、损害我们的健康。As we all know,_.to损害；破坏名词（名词（n.&v.)n.&v.)smoking damages our health损害；损坏：损害；损坏：（名词动化）名词动化）Dont damage your health for a good figure.侧重“损损”，可修复damage vt 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：The building was completely destroyed by fire.des
6、troy vt 消灭；杀死：消灭；杀死：The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.侧重“毁毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑小结小结运用运用精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义和和英语释义英语释义区分区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；destroy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁
7、坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此 物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。affect语义网络图 affect 影响影响（基本义）（基本义）对精神的对精神的“影响影响”对身体的对身体的“影响影响”使感动；打动使感动；打动 使感染（疾病）使感染（疾病）影响影响对人或物的对人或物的“影响影响”affectaffect/effect均表示均表示“影响影响”区别：区别：1.affect 是动词，且侧重原因。是动词，且侧重原因。2.eff
8、ect是名词，且侧重结果。是名词，且侧重结果。be affected by 被被打动；打动；受受影响影响effect 结果；效应；作用；影响结果；效应；作用；影响：have an effect on=have an influence on 对对产生影响产生影响side effect副作用greenhouse effect 温室效应温室效应bring/put.into effect 实施；实行实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：实际上；事实上在实施中；有效：实际上；事实上take effect 生效生效(come into effect)；起作用：；起作用：effect n C&U
9、结果；效应；作用；影响：结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhouse effect It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about.2010 浙江bring/put.into effect 实施；实行实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：在实施中；有效：Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.实际上；事实上：实际上；事实上：“Have a nice day”is a wonderful phrase,reminding us,in e
10、ffect,to enjoy the moment.take effect 生效生效(come into effect)；起作用：；起作用：These measures are just beginning to take effect.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】effective adj 有效的有效的 ；生效的：；生效的：take effective measures/steps effectively adv 有效地有效地 effectiveness n U 有效性有效性affect/effect affect（动词）（动词）=to have an influence on sb/sth；影响某
11、人；影响某人/某某事：事：effect（名词）（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：；作用；影响：【词语辨析词语辨析】反反 ineffective 说出下列句中说出下列句中affect的含义的含义。(affect,effect)1.This can affect your work _.2.The audience were deeply affected by the moving story._3.Diseases(疾病）affect almost everyone at some time during their lives._影响被打动感染；疾病侵袭选出适当的单词，
12、并用其适当形式填空。选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。(affect,effect)1.I tried to persuade him,but with little or no _.2.When I was 50,my weight problem began to _ me seriously.（2017 天津改）【金句金句】Global warming is _(对产生巨大的影响)hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.（2012 四川）effectaffect having a great effect on 糟蹋；
13、糟蹋；（完全地完全地）毁坏毁坏 to spoil or destroy sth completely：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.译林-1 使破产使破产 to make sb lose all his/her money：If she loses the court case it will ruin her.n U 毁灭；破产：毁灭；破产：the ruin of civilization C 常用复数常用复数 废墟；遗迹；残余：废墟；遗迹；残余：the ruins of Rome ruin vtin ruins 成废墟
14、；严重受损：成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.人教-4The crops lay in ruins after the flood.The city was in ruins at the end of the war.1.The old famous castle fell _ ruin after the big flood.2.Heavy smoking may ruin _,so you should give it up as soon as possible.be/lie in ruins
15、成为废墟；毁灭；严重受损fall into ruin成为废墟；破败不堪 ruin ones hope/chance使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruin oneself 自我毁灭intoyourselfPeople were in shock and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.shock n C&U（爆炸、地震等引起的爆炸、地震等引起的）剧烈震动；冲击：剧烈震动；冲击：the shock wave C 电击；触电电击；触电 (electric shock)：Dont touch that wir
16、e or youll get a shock.U&C 常用单数常用单数（精神上的精神上的）震惊；打击；令人震惊的事震惊；打击；令人震惊的事 a strong feeling of surprise：It came as a shock to hear that the factory would have to close.U 休克：休克：She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.小贴士小贴士医学中，医学中，“休克休克”由英语由英语“shock”“shock”音译而音译而来，用以表示人体受伤后的一种危重状态。来，用以表示人体受伤后的一种危重状
17、态。shock vt（名词动化）使震惊；使气愤 to make sb feel very surprised and upset：The news of the school shooting shocked the world.culture shock 文化冲击shock语义网络shock物体对物体物体对物体的冲击的冲击（基本义）（基本义）物体间的冲击电流对人的冲击精神上的冲击（爆炸、地震等引起的）剧烈震动；冲击电击；触电n 使 震 惊；使气愤（精神上的）震惊；打击；令人震惊的事v【词汇拓展词汇拓展】shocked adj 震惊的；愤慨的震惊的；愤慨的 feeling very surpr
18、ised and upset：a shocked look/expression shocking adj 令人震惊的；令人憎恶的令人震惊的；令人憎恶的 very surprising,upsetting,and difficult to believe：shocking news 小贴士：小贴士：shocked和和shocking是动词是动词shock的分词形容词，表示感受，注意二的分词形容词，表示感受，注意二者的区别。者的区别。1.The parents were _(shock)by the news that their son needed an operation on his k
19、nee.（2013 重庆）2.The _(shock)news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.（2011 北京）shocked shocking shocka great shock to sb.对某人来说是极大的震惊in shock 震惊地shocked 震惊地；吃惊的be shocked at/by 对感到吃惊be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊shocking令人吃惊的1.The situation was _ great shock to us all.2.The survivors lay on the bench,exhausted and _(shock)3.This is a piece of _ news.ashockingshocked
