1、人教课标新教材必修人教课标新教材必修1UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERSContentsPart 1基础巩固基础巩固Part 2重点突破重点突破Part 3语法归纳语法归纳Part 4写作指导写作指导Part 1基础巩固基础巩固1._ n.灾难；灾害灾难；灾害2._ n.龙卷风；旋风龙卷风；旋风3._ n.旱灾；久旱旱灾；久旱4._ n.（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡5._ vi.&vt.(使使)滑行；滑动滑行；滑动6._ n.海啸海啸7._ n.洪水；大量洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没使灌满水；淹没disasterto
2、rnadodroughtlandslideslidetsunamiflood8._ n.（地）级；重大（地）级；重大9._ n.vt.营救；援救营救；援救10._ vt.损害；破坏损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失损坏；损失11._ vt.摧毁；毁灭摧毁；毁灭12._ vt.疏散；撤出疏散；撤出 vi.撤离撤离13._ n.直升机直升机14._ vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动15._ n.避难处；居所；庇护避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨；危险）躲避（风雨；危险）magnituderescuedamagedestroyevacuatehel
3、icopteraffectshelter16._ n.裂纹；裂缝裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.（使）破裂（使）破裂17._ n.气体；燃气；汽油气体；燃气；汽油18._ n.&vt.破坏、毁坏破坏、毁坏19._ n.百分之百分之 adj.&adv.每一百中每一百中20._ n.砖、砖块砖、砖块21._ n.金属金属22._ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱险境；陷阱crackergasruinpercentbrickmetaltrap23._ vt.埋葬；安葬埋葬；安葬24._ vi.&vt.复活；（使）苏醒复活；（使）苏醒25._ n.振兴；复苏振兴；复苏26._
4、n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力27._ vi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体统一；（使）成一体28._ n.上下文；语境；背景上下文；语境；背景29._ n.火山火山30._ vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出31._ n.供应（量供应（量)；补给；补给；pl.补给品补给品 vt.供应；供给供应；供给buryreviverevivalunityeffortcontextvolcanoeruptsupply32._ n.台风台风33._ n.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风（尤指西大西洋的）飓风34._ vi.生存；存活生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度
5、过幸存；艰难度过35._ vi.&vt.轻扣；轻敲；轻拍轻扣；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻扣；轻敲水龙头；轻扣；轻敲36._ n.管子；管道管子；管道37._ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨吹口哨n.哨子（声）；呼啸声哨子（声）；呼啸声hurricanesurvivetappipewhistletyphoon38._ adj.镇静的；沉着的镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静使平静；使镇静39._ n.援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.帮助；援助帮助；援助40._ n.成套工具；成套设备成套工具；成套设备41._ vi.&vt.碰撞；撞击碰撞；撞击n.撞车；
6、碰撞撞车；碰撞42._ vi.&vt.打扫；清扫打扫；清扫43._ n.海浪；波浪海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手挥手；招手calmaidkitcrashsweepwave44._ vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击罢工；罢课；袭击45._ vt.&vi.递送；传达递送；传达vt.发表发表46._ n.总结；概括；概要总结；概括；概要47._ n.影响；结果；效果影响；结果；效果strikedeliversummaryeffect1._ v.死死(亡亡)_ n.死；死亡死；死亡 _ adj.死的；无生命的死的；无生命的2._ v.(使使)震惊；震动震惊；震动
7、_ adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的 _ adj.震惊的震惊的3._ n.电；电能电；电能 _ adj.电的；用电的电的；用电的 _ adj.发电的发电的deathdeaddieshockshockingshockelectricityelectricelectrical4._ vi.&vt.呼吸呼吸 _ n.呼吸的空气呼吸的空气5._ adj.聪明的聪明的 _ n.智慧；才智智慧；才智6._ vi.&vt.遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受;(因疾病痛苦等因疾病痛苦等)受苦受苦 _ n.痛苦；苦难痛苦；苦难7._ v.生存；存活；幸存生存；存活；幸存 _ n.幸存；生存幸存；生存 _ n.幸存者；生还者幸存者
8、；生还者breathebreathwisdomwisesuffersufferingsurvivesurvivalsurvivor1._严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪2._似乎；好像；仿佛似乎；好像；仿佛3._震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊4._数以万计的数以万计的5._谈起；说起；提到；指的是谈起；说起；提到；指的是6._至少；起码；无论如何至少；起码；无论如何7._建立建立8._像往常一样像往常一样9._ 的数量的数量in ruins as if tens of thousands of in shockrefer toat leastset upas usualthe number of10
9、._露天；在户外露天；在户外11._结束结束12._站在站在的特定水平的特定水平13._ 的家园的家园14._现有（尤指帮助）现有（尤指帮助）15._消灭；彻底消除消灭；彻底消除16._ 的家园的家园17._处境危险处境危险18._多达多达in the open air come to an end stand at sth.a home toon hand sweep awaya home to in dangeras many as1.Chicken and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside bu
10、ilding.(P50)too+adj.+to 太太而不能而不能 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.(P50)It seems/seemed as if 看起来似乎看起来似乎3.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling mu home.(P54)be doing sth.when 正在做什么事，这时正在做什么事，这时Part 2重点突破重点突破1.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 8
11、2 killed,500,000 affected(P49)l be affected with 被被所所烦扰，感染烦扰，感染的疾病的疾病 be deeply affected by 被被深深深深打动打动l affection n.喜爱喜爱 have an affection for 喜欢喜欢l effect n.结果；作用；影响结果；作用；影响 have an effect on 对对有影响有影响【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)With the governments aid,those people _ (affect)by the earthquake have moved
12、for the new settlements.2)_(affect)with a serious disease,he was no longer be able to speak clearly.3)教授的演讲深深打动了听众。教授的演讲深深打动了听众。_ by the professors speech.affectedThe audience were deeply affected Affected【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。4)Brought up by her grandma,Jennifer had a deep _(affect)for her.5)这药对我起了很好
13、的作用。这药对我起了很好的作用。The medicine _.affectionhad good effect on me2.ruin v.（使）毁坏，破坏（使）毁坏，破坏;使破产使破产 n.废墟废墟（可数）（可数）In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50)l lie/be in ruins 成为废墟成为废墟l ruin ones health/fame/chance 毁掉某人的健康毁掉某人的健康/名誉名誉/机会机会【语境应用语境应用】一、翻译下列句子。一、翻译下列句子。1)这个错误断送了他得到这份工作的机会。这个错误断送了他
14、得到这份工作的机会。_The mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.2)在可怕的在可怕的15秒钟之内，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟秒钟之内，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。_二、单句语法填空。二、单句语法填空。1)It rained for one week,completely _ our holiday.2)When they returned to Rockaway next day,they found their neighborhood _ ruins.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay
15、 in ruins.ruiningin3.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.使震惊使震惊 People were in shockand then,later that afternoon,another big quake shock Tangshan again.(P50)l a great shock to sb.对某人来说是极大的震惊对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊l shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked by 对对吃惊吃惊l shocking adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的【语境应
16、用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _(shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.2)After the _ news spread throughout the whole city,everyone felt _.(shock)3)She was _(震惊地震惊地)for about two weeks after the accident.was shockedshock
17、ingshockedin shock4.burry vt.安葬；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏安葬；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏 The army sent 150,000 soldiers on Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and bury the dead.(P50)l be buried in/buried oneself in 埋头于；专心于埋头于；专心于l burry ones face in ones hands 双手掩面双手掩面 表示表示“专注于某事专注于某事”的短语：的短语：be absorbed in，be devoted
18、to，be lost in,focus on,concentrate on,pay attention to【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1.Though _(bury)in books these days,I have still joined several students club in order to improve myself.2.With _(许多人许多人被埋在废墟中被埋在废墟中),none of these rescue workers would stop to have a rest.3.He failed in the College Entrance E
19、xam and _his face in his hands weeping.buriedso many people buried under the ruinsburied5.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦受苦 Some were found alive,though they were suffered from terrible injuries,but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51)l suffer pain/de
20、feat/hardship/loss 遭受痛苦遭受痛苦/失败失败/艰难艰难/损失损失l suffer from 受受折磨；患折磨；患病病l suffering n.痛苦痛苦,苦恼；让人痛苦的事苦恼；让人痛苦的事【语境应用语境应用】一、完成下列句子。一、完成下列句子。1)He _(受了好多苦受了好多苦)when he was a child.2)Do you often _(遭受头痛的折磨吗遭受头痛的折磨吗)?二、单句语法填空。二、单句语法填空。1)Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered _ blindness for lack
21、of proper treatment.2)The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _(suffer)during the war.suffered a lot(of pain)suffer from a headachefromsufferings6.survive vt.生活；存活生活；存活 vt.幸存；比幸存；比活得长；经活得长；经过过还存在；艰难度过还存在；艰难度过 She is feeding the baby who survived in the earthquake.(P52)l survive from 从从
22、幸存幸存 survive on 依靠依靠生存下来生存下来 survive by 比比多活了多活了l survivor n.幸存者幸存者 survival n.U幸存幸存 C残存物残存物【语境应用语境应用】完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1.After all,not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts,feelings,and most importantly,equal rights _(survive).2.The _(survive)of the boy is uncertain.He is badly hurt and may
23、die.to e to an end 结束结束 It seemed as if the world were coming into an end.(P50)at the end of 在在的尽头的尽头 by the end of 在在结束结束的时候的时候in the end 最终；终于最终；终于end up with 以以结束结束end up doing sth.以做某事结束以做某事结束【语境应用语境应用】用用end短语的适当形式填空。短语的适当形式填空。1.The meeting _ at midnight2.His sudden arrival _ their meeting.3.I m
24、ust warn you that my patience is almost _.4.After many years of hard work,he won the prize _.came to an end put an end toat an end in the end2.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）现有（尤指帮助）Report to the class the safety instructions you listed and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand.(P53)in ha
25、nd在手头，处理中在手头，处理中at hand 在手边，很可能发生的在手边，很可能发生的by hand 用手工用手工hand in 交上；提交交上；提交hand out 分发分发hand over 交出；移交交出；移交hand on 交付；传递交付；传递hand down 宣布；把宣布；把传递下去传递下去lend sb.a hand 伸出援手伸出援手shake hands 握手握手hand in hand 手拉手手拉手put ones hand on 找到找到on the one handon the other hand 一方面一方面 另一方面另一方面【语境应用语境应用】用用hand相关短语
26、填空。相关短语填空。1.He often _ when I was in trouble.2.If you _ your home late,attach a note explaining a reason for the delay.3.He decided to stay at his mothers house,where the clinic would be close _ if he needed it.4.Her daughter gradually got used to _ strangers.5.These traditional customs should be pr
27、eserved and _ one generation after another.lend me a handhand inat handshake hands with handed down1.too+形容词形容词+to太太而不能而不能 Chickens are too nervous to eat and dogs refused to go to inside buildings.(P50)tooto与与not或或never连用时，意为：无论连用时，意为：无论也不为也不为过，越过，越越好越好too+形容词形容词(nervous,eager,glad,happy,pleased,re
28、ady,willing等等)+to do sth.表示肯定意义，意为：非常表示肯定意义，意为：非常/很很做某事。做某事。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1.We all know that exercise is good for us,but sometimes it seems too hard _(leave)the sofa.2.He was _eager to know the result of his examination.3.You cant be _careful when you do your homework.to leavetootoo2.as if
29、 似乎似乎 ；好像；好像It seems as if the world were coming to an end!(P50)l as if 用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的情况或极有可用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的情况或极有可能发生。能发生。l as if 用虚拟语气：用虚拟语气：1)从句用一般过去时：从句用一般过去时：be动词用动词用were（与现在的事实相反）（与现在的事实相反）2)从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）3)从句用从句用would/could/might to形式（与将来的事实相反）形式（与将来的事实相反）l as if从句可用省
30、略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容从句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。词或介词短语。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she _(be)their mother.2.When he saw his mother was at the street corner,the boy cried sadly as if he _(scold)by someone else.3.He opened his mouth as
31、if _(say)something important.werehad been scoldedto say3.be doing sth.when 正在做什么事，这时正在做什么事，这时 I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling mu home.(P54)be about to do whenbe on the point to do whenhad just donewhen 刚做完刚做完这时这时正要做正要做这这时时【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1.I _(wonder)
32、whether to participate when my English teacher came by,telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.2.She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out _ she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.3.The professor had just finished his speech when students _(rush)out
33、 of the classroom.was wonderingwhenrushedPart 3语法归纳语法归纳Restrictive Relative Clauses定语从句定语从句Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句定义定义:在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。或主句中的一部分的从句。类型类型:限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体
34、情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。失去意义）。关系代词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose等。等。引导定语从句的关系代词有引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用三个作用：1)连接作用连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；2)替代作用替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；3)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语th
35、at whichwhowhom 关系代词在从句中：关系代词在从句中：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？作宾语时可以省略作宾语时可以省略关系代词的用法与辨析关系代词的用法与辨析1)关系代词关系代词that与与which 定语从句中定语从句中,关系代词关系代词that既可指人也可指物，既可指人也可指物，which一般一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。只用只用that引导定语从句的情况：引导定语从句的情况：当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等不定代词或先行词被等不定代词或先行词被the
36、only,few,little,no,all,every,the very等词修饰时。等词修饰时。当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.当先行词前有序数词当先行词前有序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修等或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：饰时。如：This is the first article that Ive written in Japanese.当主句是由当主句是由who或或which开头的疑问句时。如：开头的疑问句时。
37、如：Who is the man that is standing by Jack?2)关系代词关系代词who与与whom who指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。替换。whom指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式文体中可用文体中可用who或或that替换，也可以省略。替换，也可以省略。3)关系代词关系代词whose whose是是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。引导定语
38、从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。一、用一、用that,which,who,whose,whom 完成句子。完成句子。The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79CE took the people of Pompeii by surprise.They had always known that the mountain was a volcano but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat.When the volcano finally did erupt,it was so
39、 quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in lava and ash.A writer _ was there during the eruption described how lava was thrown into the air like a fountain.who/thatAfter it fell to earth,it turned into wave of lava _ travelled down the mountain faster than people could run away.It was an
40、 absolute disaster for those _ could not escape in time.Many of the wooden houses and bungalows(平房平房)in Pompeii were burned to the ground,but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered during the 20th century.who/thatthat/which二、用二、用that,which,who,whose,whom or/完成下列句子。完成下列句
41、子。1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by th
42、e hurricane were repaired.whosewhothat/whichthat/which5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?whosewhomwho三、选用正确的关
43、系词填空。三、选用正确的关系词填空。1.In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike.(2020.新课标全国新课标全国III卷卷)2.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.(2020.全国新高考全国新高考I卷卷)whose which/that 3.Thank you for your let
44、ter,what really made me happy.(2020.课标全国课标全国II卷卷.短文改错短文改错)4.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.(2020.课标全国课标全国III卷卷.短文改错短文改错)which that5.One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.(2019新课标新课标卷卷短文改错短文改错
45、)6.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.(2019新课标新课标卷卷语法填空语法填空)whenwhich11.They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019新课标新课标III卷卷语法填空语法填空)12.In the cafe,customers will
46、 enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.(2019新课标新课标III卷卷短文改错短文改错)whothat/whichPart 4写作指导写作指导 假定你校英文广播站计划开设假定你校英文广播站计划开设“自然灾害小讲堂自然灾害小讲堂”栏目，栏目，你有意参加。请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇介绍洪水的短你有意参加。请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇介绍洪水的短文，向同学们普及相关知识。文，向同学们普及相关知识。1.由暴雨水位迅猛上涨引发；由暴雨水位迅猛上涨引发；2.往往分布在人口多、降雨充沛（往往分布在人
47、口多、降雨充沛（abundant）的地方；）的地方；3.可淹没农田、房屋等；可淹没农田、房屋等；4.在洪水来临之前应迅速撤离避难。在洪水来临之前应迅速撤离避难。注意注意:1.词数词数100左右；左右；2.不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连不要逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连 贯。贯。【写作指导写作指导】一、审题定调一、审题定调本写作任务要求写一篇介绍洪水的短文，属于说明文。本写作任务要求写一篇介绍洪水的短文，属于说明文。介绍自然灾害的说明文语言需客观、准确和简洁，时介绍自然灾害的说明文语言需客观、准确和简洁，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三
48、人称为主。二、谋篇布局二、谋篇布局本写作任务可分为三部分：本写作任务可分为三部分：第一部分：介绍洪水成因及其频发地；第一部分：介绍洪水成因及其频发地；第二部分：介绍洪水造成的后果；第二部分：介绍洪水造成的后果；第三部分：应对措施。第三部分：应对措施。普通表达普通表达高级表达高级表达.is a type of natural disaster caused by.When it approaches,.Places with.are badly affected.is one of the countries in the world that.often occur.As a type of
49、natural disaster,.is caused by.that lead.It commonly strikes places with.Many countries frequently suffer from(遭受遭受).and.is one of them.第一部分：介绍洪水成因及其频发地。第一部分：介绍洪水成因及其频发地。第二部分：介绍洪水造成的后果。第二部分：介绍洪水造成的后果。普通表达普通表达高级表达高级表达.can lead to serious damage.For example,it will not only destroy houses but also rui
50、n farmlands.Besides,it may kill people.can be terrifying,causing serious damage.Not only will houses be destroyed,but also farmlands will be ruined.Whats worse,it may take peoples lives.第三部分：应对措施。第三部分：应对措施。普通表达普通表达高级表达高级表达In order to avoid danger,you should.before a.arrives.On hearing of a.s arrival
