1、Useful words and Useful words and expressionsexpressionsUnit 5 Languages around the worldHow many billion people speak the UNs official languages as their native or second language?p native adj.出生地的；本地的；土生出生地的；本地的；土生土长的；土著的土长的；土著的【C】本地人；本国人本地人；本国人ones native language/country/land 某人的母语某人的母语/祖国祖国/故乡故
2、乡native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人以英语作为母语的人p be native to sp.(动植物动植物)原产于原产于(某地某地)The tiger is native to India.the tourists and the natives(=locals)2.What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？pones attitude to/towards sb./sth.某人对某人对的态度的态度/看法看法
3、phave/take a(n)(positive/)attitude to/towards.对对持持/采取采取(肯定肯定的的)态度态度3.be(widely/well)known for sth.=be famous for sth.因因.而广为人知、而著名而广为人知、而著名p be known as 被称为被称为 =be called p be known to sb.为某人所知晓为某人所知晓 =be familiar to sb.4.continue into modern times =survive into modern times 延续、持续、幸存到现代延续、持续、幸存到现代 pc
4、ontinue for(another four weeks)延续延续,持续（多长时间）持续（多长时间）(=last)pcontinue to(the river)(path/road.)延伸到延伸到(某地某地)=run,reachpcontinue(with)ones work/project/studies 继续某事继续某事(工作、项目、学习工作、项目、学习)p continue working/to work(doing/to do.)继续做某事继续做某事5.all the way(+adv./prep.)一路上一路上=the whole way;一直，始终一直，始终;完全地完全地 6.
5、despite(doing)sth.prep.虽然，尽管虽然，尽管 =in spite of p despite the fact(that)从句从句=although/though 虽然，尽管虽然，尽管 The man died _ _(虽然医生们努力虽然医生们努力让他醒过来让他醒过来).=The man died despite the fact that the doctors had made efforts to revive him.despite the doctors efforts to revive him _ all the warnings,many people co
6、ntinue to smoke._(尽管申请尽管申请)hundreds of jobs,he is still out of work.7.ups and downs 盛衰、沉浮；苦乐盛衰、沉浮；苦乐8.factor【C】因素，要素因素，要素a/the main/major/important/key/deciding/determining factor in sth.某方面的主要、重要、关键、决定性因某方面的主要、重要、关键、决定性因素素 DespiteDespite applying for9.at the beginning(of)在在()开始的时候开始的时候10.base【C】底部；
7、根据；基础；总部；】底部；根据；基础；总部；基地基地 basic adj.基础的，基本的基础的，基本的based adj.以为基础的；总部设在以为基础的；总部设在picture-based(language)以图画为基础的（语言）以图画为基础的（语言）computer-based teaching 计算机化教学计算机化教学a London-based firm/company 总部设在伦敦总部设在伦敦pbase.on/uppn.把建立在基础之上把建立在基础之上pbase(the company)in(London)把把.总部总部/据点设立在据点设立在11.date back.years/cen
8、turies(一段时间一段时间)追溯到追溯到(.年前年前/世纪世纪)前前p date back to/.(点时间点时间)=date from 追溯到追溯到.时候；始于时候；始于 It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty.据信，据信，.They came across a large collection of records _(date)from the 1950s.12.animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved
9、by ancient Chinese people.古代中国人在上面刻有符号的（动物骨古代中国人在上面刻有符号的（动物骨骼和贝壳）骼和贝壳）1)画线部分为画线部分为“prep.+which/whom”结构的定语从句结构的定语从句 =on which ancient Chinese people carved symbols.dating 2)carve sth.on sth.把把雕刻在上面雕刻在上面p carve(a statue)from/out of(stone/wood)用用(石头石头/木材木材)雕刻雕刻(塑像塑像)3)symbol【C】象征象征,标志标志;符号符号,代号代号psign【
10、C】迹象，征兆；指示牌；手势迹象，征兆；指示牌；手势pmark【C】(便于识别的便于识别的)记号；污迹；记号；污迹；(尊重等尊重等)表示表示;分数，成绩分数，成绩 The dove(鸽子鸽子)is a _ of peace.=The dove is symbolic of peace.(symbolic adj.象征意义的，象征性的象征意义的，象征性的)symbolWhat is the chemical _ for iron?Headaches may be a _ of stress.They stood in silence as a _ honour/respect to her.My
11、 horse is th one with the white _ on its face.symbolsignmarkmark13.by+过去时间过去时间，主语，主语+谓语谓语 had done (动作动词动作动词)was/were/felt.(一般过去时一般过去时)(状态性动状态性动词词)截至截至,在在之前之前 _ the end of the day,we had sold over 2000 tickets.By the time the doctor _(arrive),the patient _(die).By the time we _(get)there,we _(be)tir
12、ed and hungry.Byarrivedhad diedgotwere15.Over the years 多年来多年来Over the following years 随后的年代里随后的年代里16.develop into=grow into 发展成为发展成为p well-developed 发展完备、成熟的发展完备、成熟的p a developed country 发达国家发达国家17.It/This/That was a time when.(定从定从)它它/这这/那是一个那是一个.时候时候This was a time when the two countries were at
13、war.这是两国处于交战状态的时候。这是两国处于交战状态的时候。pthere was a time when.(定从定从)有那么一个时候有那么一个时候.18.be divided/separated geographically 地理上是分隔的地理上是分隔的p be divided into sth.被分成被分成部分部分19.leading to =causing =resulting in 导致、造成、引起导致、造成、引起 现在分词作结果状语现在分词作结果状语20.variety(pl.varieties)a(great/large/wide)variety of =various=all
14、kinds/sorts/types of 各种各样的各种各样的2)【C】(动植物、语言动植物、语言)品种，种类品种，种类many/different varieties of dialects and characters 许多许多/不同种类的方言和文字不同种类的方言和文字more than 20 varieties of fish 3)【U】多样性多样性p add variety to.给增添多样性给增添多样性pvarious adj.各种各样的各种各样的 for various reasons 由于各种原因由于各种原因p vary fromto 从从到到不同不同21.unite/unify
15、into one unified/united country 把把.统一成一个统一的国家统一成一个统一的国家punite/unify and/with.把团结、联合把团结、联合、统一起来、统一起来22.major 1)adj.重要的，重要的，主要的，主要的，大的大的 ；2)【C】专业课，主修课】专业课，主修课；专业生；专业生；3)vi.major in(English)主修主修(英语英语)p major on sth.专门研究专门研究23.in one/every direction 往一个往一个/每个方向每个方向p in all directions 往四面八方往四面八方p in the
16、direction of(.)往往.方向方向24.be of(great/much/some/little/no)importance to sb./sth./in doing sth.(help/value/benefit/significance/interest)对在方面对在方面(非常非常/很很/有些有些/没什么没什么/不不)重要重要/有用有用Information and support are important/of importance in helping people deal with serious illness.25.No matter wh-引导让步状语从句引导让步
17、状语从句 =Wh-ever 不管，无论不管，无论 No matter what happens,keep municate in sth./with sb.在某方面在某方面/与某人交流与某人交流27.means 手段；方式；工具（单复数同手段；方式；工具（单复数同形）形）All/Every possible means have/has been tried.means of transport/communication 交通、通讯工具交通、通讯工具pby means of 借助，借助，通过通过 =through,with the help ofThe oil is transported
18、by means of a pipeline.石油都是通过管道输送的。石油都是通过管道输送的。pby honest/lawful/legal means 通过诚实、合法的手段通过诚实、合法的手段Testing is still the usual means _ which students progress is measured.pby no means/not by any means =in no way,not at all 绝不绝不 (置于句首时，主谓要部分倒装置于句首时，主谓要部分倒装)bywayinpby all means=of course 当然可以当然可以28.conne
19、ct.with/and/to.把把.与与.连接起来连接起来29.classic adj.一流一流/优秀优秀/经典的经典的;典型、典型、代表性的；代表性的；传统的、典雅的传统的、典雅的 【C】名著，经典作品，杰作名著，经典作品，杰作 classic works/films/stories =classics 一流一流/优秀优秀/经典的经典的作品、电影、故事作品、电影、故事 a classic example/case 典型、代表性的典型、代表性的例子例子(=typical)a classic suit/design 一套一套传统的、典雅的传统的、典雅的服装、设计服装、设计 a modern cl
20、assic(n.)一部现代一部现代名著名著/佳作佳作 Compare:classical music/architecture/literature (adj.)古典的古典的音乐音乐/建筑建筑/文学文学30.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develp-ment of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese cultur
21、e.(中国人中国人)对其书法体系的对其书法体系的推崇备至推崇备至，体，体现在现在汉字汉字发展成发展成一种艺术形式，一种艺术形式，称为称为书法书法，它已成为中国文化的一部分它已成为中国文化的一部分。斜体字画线部分斜体字画线部分为为过去分词短语过去分词短语作作定语定语，其中又含有，其中又含有which 引导的引导的定语从句。定语从句。=which is known as.1)regard 【U】尊重，敬佩尊重，敬佩(respect or admiration);关注，关心，考虑关注，关心，考虑(attention,thought and care)vt.看待，视为看待，视为(as)have hig
22、h/great/little/no regard for sb.sth.=hold sb./sth.in high/great/low regard 高度、非常、不怎么、不尊重、敬佩某高度、非常、不怎么、不尊重、敬佩某人、某事人、某事I had great regard for him/his abilities.我给常敬佩他我给常敬佩他/他的能力。他的能力。=I held him/his abitities in high/great regard.The governments high regard for education is the major factor in/leading
23、 to the economic success.政府对教育的高度重视是经济成功的主要政府对教育的高度重视是经济成功的主要因素。因素。have/show/pay(little/no/proper.)regard for/to sb./sth.关心、关注、顾及某人、事关心、关注、顾及某人、事She has no regard for other peoples feelings.=She behaves with no/without regard to/for.她她(的举止的举止)不顾及他人的感受。不顾及他人的感受。be(widely/generally)regarded as.被被(普遍普遍
24、)看作看作 p be well/highly regarded 受到很好、高评价受到很好、高评价p be regarded with admiration 受到敬佩受到敬佩2)character【C】(书写、印刷书写、印刷)文字文字,字体字体,字符字符 (in)Chinese characters （用）汉字（用）汉字【C】(书籍书籍/电影电影/戏剧戏剧)人物，角色人物，角色p play a major character/role/part in(a play/film)在在.扮演主角扮演主角【C&U】(人人/集体集体/地方地方)特色，特点特色，特点;性质性质;品质品质Although th
25、ey are twins,their characters are different/they are different in character.a man of good/great character 品质良好、高尚的人品质良好、高尚的人31.play an(important/key/major/leading)role/part in sth./doing sth.在在(做做).某事方面起某事方面起.作用作用32.affair (pl.)公共、政治等事务公共、政治等事务；(单数单数,引起议论的引起议论的)事件事件;(男女男女)关系关系global/world/internatio
26、nal/foreign affiairs 全球、世界、国际、外交事务全球、世界、国际、外交事务 the Watergate affair 水门事件水门事件 have an affair with sb.与某人私通与某人私通33.globe【C】地球仪】地球仪;the globe 地球，地球，世界世界 global warming/issues 全球变暖全球变暖/问题问题 think globally 全面思考全面思考34.a increasing/growing number of+复数复数名词名词 越来越多的越来越多的.35.appreciate vt.appreciation n.1)欣赏
27、，鉴赏欣赏，鉴赏(=admire);赏识，赏识，重视重视 appreciate fine works of art/music 欣赏优秀艺术作品、音乐欣赏优秀艺术作品、音乐His abilities/talents were not fully appreciated in his job.他的能力他的能力/才华没有才华没有被充分赏识。被充分赏识。2)感激感激(sth./doing sth.)(=be grateful for)Your help/support/kindness is greatly appreciated.非常感激您的帮助、支持、好意。非常感激您的帮助、支持、好意。I wo
28、uld appreciate you letting us know of any problems in advance.=I would appreciate it if you let/would let us know of any problems in advance.3)明白明白,意识到，领会意识到，领会 (sth./that/wh-)(=realise,understand,recognize)appreciate the importance/value/significance of doing sth.明白、意识到做某事的重要性明白、意识到做某事的重要性/价值价值/意义意
29、义 It is difficult to appreciate how bad the situation had become.很难意识到当时局势已经变得多严重。很难意识到当时局势已经变得多严重。36.through this amzing language =in/by means of this amazing langage 37.specific information/instructions 具体、具体、明确的明确的信息、指示信息、指示(=detailed and exact)For specific instructions on loading the software,pl
30、ease refer to the guide.要了解要了解具体具体有关有关装装载这个软件载这个软件的的指示，指示，请参考这本指南。请参考这本指南。Can you be more specific about _ youre looking for?（对说具体、明确一些）（对说具体、明确一些）for a specific purpose 为了为了特定的特定的目的目的what38.symbolise/symbolize vt.象征，代表象征，代表 =be symbolic/a symbol of 39.basic forms of 基本的形式基本的形式40.civilised/civilized
31、 society/world 文明的社会、世界文明的社会、世界p civilise/civilize vt.使使.文明、有教养文明、有教养41.increase/develop ones appreciation of 增强对增强对.的理解的理解;培养对培养对.的鉴赏力的鉴赏力 express/show ones appreciation of sth.表达某人对表达某人对.感激感激p in appreciation of sth.以感谢以感谢.42.struggle vi.&【C】斗争】斗争,搏斗；奋斗搏斗；奋斗,努力；努力；挣扎，挣扎，吃力地走；吃力地走；难事难事p struggle wi
32、th/against(a thief/cancer)与与.搏斗、抗争搏斗、抗争p struggle for(peace/survival)为和平、生存而奋斗为和平、生存而奋斗/拼搏拼搏pstruggle to bring up the family 努力养活家人努力养活家人pstruggle(to get)out of the burning car 挣扎、吃力地着爬出挣扎、吃力地着爬出.pbe a struggle for sb./to do sth.=be an effort for sb./to do sth.=be hard/difficult for sb.（做）（做）某事对某人来说
33、是一件困难的情某事对某人来说是一件困难的情Foreign languages are always a struggle for him.It was a struggle to make myself heard in all the noise.让别人听见自己是一件困难让别人听见自己是一件困难的事。的事。pwith/without a struggle =with/without an effort 好不容易地、轻易地好不容易地、轻易地43.feel like+主语主语+谓语（从句）谓语（从句）=feel as if/as though.感觉好像感觉好像.p feel like sth./
34、doing sth.感觉起来、摸起来像；想要做某事感觉起来、摸起来像；想要做某事44.see/look at sth.from a different/a fathers point of view 从不同的、父亲的从不同的、父亲的角度看待角度看待pfrom my point of view 依我看依我看 =as far as Im concerned45.reach/achieve/realize the goal/aim/ambition of doing sth.达到、实现某事的目标达到、实现某事的目标/抱负抱负46.I beg your pardon.请原谅；请再说一请原谅；请再说一遍
35、遍pbeg(sb.)for sth.(向某人向某人)恳求某物恳求某物pbeg(sb.)to do sth.恳求恳求(某人某人)做某事做某事 (begged,begged,begging)47.the problem(s)/trouble with(doing)sth.（做）某事的问题（做）某事的问题Whats the problem/trouble with the computer?The problem/trouble with the job is that the pay is too low.48.have trouble/problems/difficulty/a hard tim
36、e with sth./(in)doing sth.在（做）某事方面有困难在（做）某事方面有困难49.equal 【C】同等的人】同等的人/物物 adj.同等的；平等的；同等的；平等的；胜任的胜任的 vt.(同同)等于；比得上等于；比得上 pbe equal to sth.与与.相等；相等；与与.一样好一样好、媲美；能胜任、媲美；能胜任(某工作某工作)(=be up to)pequality 平等；平等；均等均等 pequally adv.同样地；平均地同样地；平均地 Our cars are the equal of those _(produce)anywhere in the world
37、.(=are equal to/=equal/are as good as 比比得上，得上，与与.媲美媲美)50.bridge the gap/divide between.弥合之间的差距、分歧弥合之间的差距、分歧 =close/narrow/reduce the gap.bridge the river/valley 在在.上面架桥上面架桥produced51.demand【C&U】vt.(主观、客观的主观、客观的)要求；需求要求；需求(=need)p agree to/give in to ones demands(for)答应、屈服某人的要求答应、屈服某人的要求psatisfy/meet
38、 ones demands(for)满足某人的要求满足某人的要求/需求需求pmake demands on sth.(speed/strength)对对.（速度、体力）（速度、体力）.提出要求提出要求 pThere is a(great/huge)demand/need for sth./sb.（非常）需要（非常）需要某人、某物某人、某物p=Sth./Sb.is in(great)demandpdemand sth.(a reply/an apology)要求要求 to see/know/to be told.要求要求 that.(宾宾从从)：(should)+v.要求要求 sth.(spee
39、d/strength)需要需要(=need,require)52.give a(clear/detailed/general)description/account of.对对.进行（清楚、仔细、大致的）描述进行（清楚、仔细、大致的）描述53.relate to sb./sth.与与.有关有关/有联系有联系;涉及涉及,论及论及,谈及谈及坚决要求坚决要求，不容拒，不容拒绝绝Were only interested in events that relate directly to the murder.与与.有关、有联系有关、有联系(=be connected with/related to)=.relating toThis paragraph relates/refers to the situation in Scotland.涉及，论及，谈及涉及，论及，谈及(=concerns,is about)The End
