1、高考语法专项高考语法专项 代词代词考点解读考点解读一一 考纲要求考纲要求课程标准课程标准要求代词部分应掌握以下内容：要求代词部分应掌握以下内容：（1 1）在整体把握各类代词基本用法的基础上，重点掌握不定代词，以及）在整体把握各类代词基本用法的基础上，重点掌握不定代词，以及代词代词itit的用法及区别；的用法及区别；（2 2）能在真实的语言环境中正确理解并运用。）能在真实的语言环境中正确理解并运用。二二 命题规律命题规律（1 1）代词的种类多样，用法各异。加之学生在学习英语的过程中容易犯）代词的种类多样，用法各异。加之学生在学习英语的过程中容易犯漏用代词，误用代词的错误，因此代词，一直是历年高考
2、考察的要点漏用代词，误用代词的错误，因此代词，一直是历年高考考察的要点。（2 2）近几年来，高考中代词的的考察点仍集中在不定代词上。考察角度）近几年来，高考中代词的的考察点仍集中在不定代词上。考察角度有两个：一是考察他们在特定结构中的用法；二是考察不定代词在特有两个：一是考察他们在特定结构中的用法；二是考察不定代词在特殊语境中的意义和功能差别。殊语境中的意义和功能差别。（3 3）试题常设置情境干扰，注重特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题）试题常设置情境干扰，注重特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构复杂，注重与其他相关语法知识相结合，正确把握句意干的语义结构复杂，注重与其他相关语法知识
3、相结合，正确把握句意，分析句式结构在解题中起很重要的作用。，分析句式结构在解题中起很重要的作用。三三 解题技巧解题技巧 在解答代词题目时，我们首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，在解答代词题目时，我们首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判，具体做法是：从而避免误判，具体做法是：（1 1）代词指代的是人还是物；）代词指代的是人还是物；（2 2）代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；）代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；（3 3）代词指代的概念是特指还是泛指）代词指代的概念是特指还是泛指（4 4）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上之间；）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者
4、或三者以上之间；（5 5）代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。）代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。四四 代词的定义和种类代词的定义和种类（1 1）定义：代词是用来代替名词以避免重复的词。）定义：代词是用来代替名词以避免重复的词。（2 2）种类：）种类：常考点清单一常考点清单一 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词和疑问代词和疑问代词 一一 人称代词人称代词人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。Eg.Glad to meet you.Me too.随堂练习（代词填空）随堂练习（代词填空）:Susan,go and join your sister clean
5、ing the yard.Why_(为什么非让为什么非让我我去做去做)？John is sitting here doing nothing me二二 物主代词物主代词（1 1）物主代词即人称代词的所有格形式，它可分为形容词性物主代词）物主代词即人称代词的所有格形式，它可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词和名词性物主代词句子翻译：句子翻译：这支笔是她的。这支笔是她的。This pen is This pen is her penher pen.This pen is This pen is hershers.结论：形容词性物主代词结论：形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词
6、（2）He is a friend of my fathers.他是我爸爸的一个朋友。他是我爸爸的一个朋友。双重所有格形式：名词双重所有格形式：名词+of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词随堂练习（物主代词填空）随堂练习（物主代词填空）:(1)_(他的他的)father is an engineer.(2)That car of _（我的）（我的）is always breaking down.(3)His dictionary is much thicker than _(你的你的).(4)I know each brother of _(她的她的).Hismineyourshers三三 疑问代
7、词疑问代词(1)what(1)what和和whichwhich的区别的区别whatwhat是在未知范围内或在一个相当大而不明确的范围内选择；后面可跟是在未知范围内或在一个相当大而不明确的范围内选择；后面可跟elseelse。whichwhich是在范围较小或明确的范围内进行选择是在范围较小或明确的范围内进行选择(ABC(ABC之间选择之间选择)；后面可以；后面可以跟跟ofof短语。短语。Eg.Eg.Which is the biggest animal on land,the panda,the tiger or the elephant?What is the biggest animal
8、on land?随堂练习（随堂练习（whatwhat和和whichwhich填空）：填空）：(1)There are many kinds of televisions in the shop,I dont know _ to choose.(2)_ color do you like,black or white?(3)_else was at the party?(4)_of your teacher do you like best?whatwhichWhatWhich(2)whatever,whichever,whoever(2)whatever,whichever,whoever与与
9、whatwhat，whichwhich，whowho的异同的异同 whatever,whichever,whoeverwhatever,whichever,whoever分别是分别是what,which,whowhat,which,who的强调形式，的强调形式，相当于相当于what/which/who on earth(in the worldwhat/which/who on earth(in the world）意为：到底（究竟）意为：到底（究竟）什么）什么/哪一个哪一个/谁。谁。eg.Whatever do you want?eg.Whatever do you want?你想要什么？你
10、想要什么？Read whatever/what you like.Read whatever/what you like.你爱读什么就读什么。你爱读什么就读什么。whatever,whichever,whoeverwhatever,whichever,whoever可引导让步状语从句，可引导让步状语从句，what,which,what,which,whowho不可。不可。eg.whatever you may say,Ill still try to do it.eg.whatever you may say,Ill still try to do it.不管你怎么说，我还是要试一试。不管你怎
11、么说，我还是要试一试。whowho和和whoeverwhoever在引导名词性从句的区别：在引导名词性从句的区别：whoeverwhoever是表示任何一个人是表示任何一个人,无无范围可言范围可言,相当于相当于anyone whoanyone who；whowho虽然也可以引导名词性从句虽然也可以引导名词性从句,但它常但它常保留本身疑问的含义保留本身疑问的含义,是指具体的人或物。是指具体的人或物。eg.eg.whoeverwhoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.leaves the room last ought to
12、turn off the light.whowho will give us a talk is unknown to us all.will give us a talk is unknown to us all.高考链接高考链接 (2009(2009 海南海南 24)Could I speak to24)Could I speak to is in charge of is in charge of International Sales please?International Sales please?A.who A.who B.what C.whoever B.what C.whoe
13、ver D.whateverD.whatever常考点清单二常考点清单二 不定代词不定代词一一 both,all,either,any,neither,none，each，every二二 部分否定和全部否定部分否定和全部否定部分否定：当部分否定：当not与表与表全体全体,完全意义完全意义的代词：的代词：all,both,every+名词连用时，名词连用时，无论无论not出现在什么位置，都表示部分否定；出现在什么位置，都表示部分否定；eg.Not all the ants go out for the food.并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。All that glitters
14、 is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。全部否定全部否定:not/never+（either，any），），neither,none，no+名词名词(nobody,nothing,no one).eg.All of the boys are clever,but none of them can work out this problem.二二 部分否定和全部否定部分否定和全部否定部分否定：当部分否定：当not与表与表全体全体,完全意义完全意义的代词：的代词：all,both,every+名词连用时，名词连用时，无论无论not出现在什么位置，都表示部分否定；出现在什么
15、位置，都表示部分否定；eg.Not all the ants go out for the food.并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。全部否定全部否定:not/never+（either，any），），neither,none，no+名词名词(nobody,nothing,no one).eg.All of the boys are clever,but none of them can work out this problem.高考链接：高考链接：（1）（）（全国全国 30
16、）which of the two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didnt like _.A.both of them B.either of them C.none of them D.neither of（2）（）（天津天津 5）To know more about the British Museum,you can use the Internet or go to the library,or _.A.neither B.some C.all D.both（3）（）（2010 重庆重庆 23）He had lost his tem
17、per and his health in the war and never found _of them again.A.neither B.either C.each D.all（4）（）（2009 陕西陕西 10）Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didnt answer_ of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some（5）（）（2010天津天津6）_ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.A.Anyth
18、ing B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something考点自测（用考点自测（用none，nothing，no one，nobody填空）：填空）：(1(1)How many people are there in the room?_.(2)(2)Who is in the room?_.(3)(3)Is there anyone in the room?_.(4)(4)Is there any person in the room?_.(5)(5)I need some students to help me to carry the tools for experim
19、ent,but there is_.三三 none,nothing,no one(no body)的用法区别的用法区别考点自测（用考点自测（用none，nothing，no one，nobody填空）：填空）：(1(1)How many people are there in the room?_.(2)(2)Who is in the room?_.(3)(3)Is there anyone in the room?_.(4)(4)Is there any person in the room?_.(5)(5)I need some students to help me to carry
20、the tools for experiment,but there is_.NoneNonenoneNo one/NobodyNo one/Nobody高考链接高考链接（1 1）(浙江浙江 9)Id like some more cheese.Sorry，theresleft.A.some B.none C.a little D.few(2)(2)(福建福建 21)How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but_ is so good to me as Bruce.A.none B.no one C.every on
21、eD.some one四四 one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those用法区别用法区别高考链接高考链接（1）（）（2010 山东山东 32）Helping others is a habit,_you can learn even at an early age.A.it B.that C.what D.one(2)（2010 陕西陕西 12）The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.A.that B.this C.it D.
22、one(3)(2009 宁夏、海南宁夏、海南 33)One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health A.what B.this C.that D.which(4)(全国全国33)The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different fromspoken in England.A.which B.what C.that D.the one(5)(2005 天津天津 15)I prefer a flat in
23、 Inverness to _in Perth，because I want to live near my Moms.A.oneB.that C.it D.this高考链接高考链接（1）（2010 安徽安徽 21）You are a team star!Working with_ is really your cup of tea.A.both B.either C.others D.the other（2）（）（2010 全国全国 12）Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between
24、 them.A.others B.the other C.another D.one other（3）(2009 山东山东 23)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A.other B.another C.the other D.others 五五 one,another,the other,some,others,the others 用法区别用法区别常考点清单三常考点清单三 itit用法用法一一 指代时间，距离，自然现象等。指代时间，距离，自然现
25、象等。二二 指代前面所提到过的事物，群体，想法，性别不明或者性别被认为不指代前面所提到过的事物，群体，想法，性别不明或者性别被认为不重要的人或动物，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事物或情况。重要的人或动物，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事物或情况。三三 itit可以做形式主语或者形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面；可以做形式主语或者形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面；真正的主语或宾语往往由从句，动名词，不定式充当。比如：真正的主语或宾语往往由从句，动名词，不定式充当。比如：It is/was no good/use doing sth四四 强调句型强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分
26、+that/who+其他成分。其他成分。Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？其他成分？特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？其他成分？高考链接（高考链接（2010 安徽安徽 27）It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A.where B.that C.when D.which五五 几个与几个与it+时间相关的固定句型辨析时间相关的固定
27、句型辨析（1）It+be+段时间段时间+（2）It+be+点时间点时间+that（强调句型）（强调句型）before(主将从先主将从先)since(主句时态为一般现在时或者现在完成时，主句时态为一般现在时或者现在完成时，从句时态是一般过去时从句时态是一般过去时)that(强调句型强调句型 点时间前带有介词点时间前带有介词)when(当某人做某事时，时间是当某人做某事时，时间是.).)高考链接（1）(2010湖南25）Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A.why B.when C.which D.that （2）(2009 四川3)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front.but I dont have enough money to buy .A.one B.it C.this D.that（3）（2010 陕西20）John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job.A.when B.after C.before D.since
