1、宁波大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 661总分值： 150科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary (30 points)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the
2、 corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1.But officials with both cities _ a state suggestion that water supplies might be contaminated.A dispensedB sacrificedC disputedD sufficed2.She was one of three joint _ of the Nobel Peace Prize earlier this month.A recipients B receivers C receiptsD recept
3、ions 3.This ability to _ despite obstacles and setbacks is the quality people most admire in others.A provokeB persevereC pulsateD peruse4.The federal government appealed for _, insisting that the crisis could be resolved without the use of force.A initiativeB limitationC frictionD restraint5.Nancy
4、is only a sort of _ of her husbands opinion and has no ideas of her own.A sampleB reproductionC prototypeD echo6.Now on the screen, they were at least aware of the _ distinction between men and women as buddies and friends.A stunningB fragileC primalD subtle7.Chaotic conditions continue to _ in area
5、s that ordinarily are thriving urban communities.A collide B shove C prevailD huddle8The majority who show _ for the Kindle are those that arent interested in reading to begin with.A disdainB distressC distortD delusion9.When people _ him on his voice, Martin started to dream of going on stage.A com
6、plemented B completed C complimented D compensated10.The _ grandeur of Wast Water, Englands deepest lake and surrounded by the countrys highest mountains, is a world away from the gentle beauty of the Borrowdale valley. A evocativeB inspiringC imploringD imposing11.A big international bank just cant
7、 afford to _ clients in countries around the world.A separateB alienateC aggravateD shudder12.The British realized that they had _ a nation across the sea where inhabitants could also speak English.A exceededB mutatedC spawnedD settled13.A recent CNN poll shows twenty-three percent of respondents la
8、beling hackers as useful, fifty-two percent seeing them as a(n) _.A menaceB disasterC aftermathD pitfall 14.Nestling amongst the magnificent hills were the _ ruins of an old monastery.A deformingB crumblingC destroyingD smashing15.Every year the United Nations provides emergency aid to those countri
9、es that are _ famine.A liken toB rooted inC afflicted byD perplexed with16.She _ herself to the profound grief of losing her child in the accident.A) attributedB advocatedC addressedD abandoned17.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable _ to the total cost of the product.A coherenceB p
10、roportion C correlation D connection18.The company has _ over the years into a multi-million dollar organization.A evolvedB progressedC advancedD proceeded19.These factors helped to _ the town into the list of the elegant, then most attractive in the country.A cultivateB initiateC elevateD extort20.
11、The spokeswomans carefully-worded statement _ an aura of credibility upon the administrations actions. A relatedB remarkedC conferredD confronted21.It sounds like a _ Paris has almost three times as much rain as London but London is much rainier than Paris.A paradoxB dilemmaC puzzleD collision22.My
12、aunt has _ herself to hard work through continuous efforts.A associated B exposedC habituated D inhibited 23.Although most dreams apparently happen _, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A spontaneously B anonymouslyC instantaneouslyD consciously 24.The war correspondent has seen
13、so many faces _ with fear.A contortedB twistedC warpedD deformed25.More often than not, it is difficult to _the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.A transferB convertC conveyD exchange26.The president is now under pressure to _ power to the republics.A heftB commitC compromiseD yield27.The
14、roll-call took some time, accompanied by my continuous attempts to _ the noise.A dismissB subdueC accentuateD exhaust28.The deepening recession has also _ in the south of the country, where unemployment is on the rise.A covered upB blurted outC taken its toll D cried out29.My accusers claim that I _
15、 torture on animals for the sole purpose of career advancement.A inflictB falterC manipulateD descend 30.To diversify ones business is to _ different kinds of commercial enterprises.A train onB pipe downC wear downD embark onPart II Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the followi
16、ng passage. You are required to fill ONE word in each of them that best completes the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in mea
17、ning and grammar. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters _31_ the wheel. It is all very well, ag
18、ain, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers _32_is another matter. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the _33_ to the rule. Perhaps the situation _34_ for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, _35_
19、it may get completely out of control.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good _36_ too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the _37_ to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long _38_ towards relieving th
20、e tensions of motoring. A friendly _39_ or a wave of acknowledgement _40_response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too _41_ today. Many drivers nowadays dont even
21、 seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced _42_ can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who _43_violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, _44_ a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man wh
22、o waves a child across a zebra _45_ into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and _46_ they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran
23、 driver, _47_ manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time _48_ causing the total blockages that give rise to bad _49_. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let _50_ master the subtler aspects of roadsman
24、ship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.Part III Matching (20 points)Directions: Match the titles of the books in the left column with the names of th
25、eir writers in the right column. Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.51.Jane Eyrea.Jack London52.Pride and Prejudiceb.William Golding53.The Story of Philosophyc.Feng Youlan54.Robinson Crusoed.Jane Austen55.The Autobiographye.Charlotte Bront56.Animal Farmf.Arthur Miller57.Lord
26、of the Fliesg.John Steinbeck58.Tess of the DUrbervillesh.Will Durant59.Tales from Shakespearei.Daniel Defoe60.The Time Machinej.John Ruskin61.The Call of the Wildk.H. G. Wells62.The Sketch Bookl.George Orwell63.Of Mice and Menm.Robert Louis Stevenson64.A History of the English Languagen.Benjamin Fra
27、nklin65.Death of a Salesmano.Charles Lamb66.A Short History of Chinese Philosophyp.Thomas Hardy67.Belovedq.Hung-Ming Ku68.Sesame and Liliesr.Washington Irving69.The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydes.Albert C. Baugh & Thomas Cable70.The Spirit of the Chinese Peoplet.Toni MorrisonPart IV Paraph
28、rase (10 points)Directions: The following sentences are taken from Advanced English (高级英语) edited by Zhang Hanxi （张汉熙）and Wang Lili （王礼立）. Explain each sentence in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.71. And if a beachhead of co-operation
29、may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secured and the peace preserved.72. It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of t
30、he lower middle class to mere inadvertence, or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.73. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.74. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a pra
31、irie fire.75. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit, and the much publicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism. Part V Reading Comp
32、rehension (30 points)Questions 76-88 are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Crop-growing skyscrapersBy the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earths population will live in urban centers. Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about thre
33、e billion people by then. An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practiced today. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising cro
34、ps is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the worlds population to live on?The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time
35、. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the Vertical Farm. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in
36、which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centers, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers. Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfu
37、lly implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.It took humans 10,000 yea
38、rs to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives ver
39、tically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigors of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that i
40、s not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they
41、would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods or pests. All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers. The system would greatly reduce the incide
42、nce of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface. Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non- edible parts of plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need
43、 for tractors, ploughs and shipping.A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Single-storey greenhouses
44、 have the benefit of natural overhead light: even so, many still need artificial lighting. A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more. Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rath
45、er a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight. This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems th
