1、 precious adj.珍稀的，珍贵的 The peacock is a precious bird in the sub-tropical zone.孔雀是亚热带地区的珍禽。Clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的。What is _(珍贵的)between friends is belief and respect.precious majority n.大部分，大多数 The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。The
2、majority of people believe that smoking is harmful to health.大多数人认为吸烟有害健康。the majority 大多数（作主语时，表整体，谓动用单；表具体成员，谓动用复）the majority of 的大部分 be in the/a majority 占大多数 by/with a majority of 以大多数(赢得)minority n.少数民族；少数 1 _ _ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。2 _ _ _ people seem to prefer watching games
3、 to playing games.大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。3 He was elected by _ _ _ 765.他以765票的多数票当选。The majority The majority of a majority of complain vi&vt 抱怨，发牢骚,投诉 He explained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平的待遇。Im going to complain to the manager about this.我要就这件事向经理投诉。complain to sb abou
4、t(doing)sth 向某人投诉/抱怨某事 Complain to sb that 向某人抱怨 complaint n.抱怨，投诉，控告 make a complaint to sb about sth 向某人抱怨/投诉某事 区分：explain 解释解释 complain 抱怨，抱怨，投诉，控告投诉，控告 He did nothing but complain _ me about the food and the service of the restaurant.Dont complain _ our life.We should be thankful for what we hav
5、e.to about fee n.专业服务费；报酬 Does a bank charge a fee for setting up the account?在这家银行开账户要收费吗？He paid high tuition _(fee)for his college life.fees fare 指交通费指交通费 fee指会费、学费、入场费、手续费指会费、学费、入场费、手续费等等 charge商品和服务所需要的费用或者要商品和服务所需要的费用或者要价价 cost成本、费用、代价成本、费用、代价区分区分 respond vt回答；回复；vi 做出反应；回应 I invited her to di
6、nner but she did not respond.我邀请她吃完饭，但她未回复。How did she respond to the news.她对那个消息有什么反应？respond to sb with/by sth 用回答/回复某人 respond to （疾病、身体受伤的部分）对医药有良好的反应 Response n.反应；回答；答复 in response to 作为对的反应 区分 respond 不及物动词不及物动词，指对他人的期望，指对他人的期望等作出适当的回应，是最正式等作出适当的回应，是最正式的用词的用词 answer 及物动词，用文字、语言或者及物动词，用文字、语言或者
7、行动回答，是最普通的用词行动回答，是最普通的用词 reply不及物动词，与不及物动词，与answer用法基用法基本相同，但稍微正式一些本相同，但稍微正式一些 I asked him his name,but he didnt respond.我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。He answered that he didnt go there last night.他回答说做完他的确去过那里。Its your turn now to reply to these charges.现在该轮到你对这些质控进行答辩了。hire vt.聘任，雇用，租用；n 租借，租用 They hired a big h
8、all.他们租了一间大厅。We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city.我们雇佣了一个司机带我们游览这个城市。We have to pay 300yuan for the hire of the meeting hall.我们不得不为会议室的租用支付300元。区分 employ 雇，雇人，之商店或公司长期雇用人 hire 租，雇，指按工作量或时间雇用人 rent 租，至长期租赁土地、房屋等，若暂时租借也可以用hire reject vt 拒绝接受，不录用 The Christian church rejected his theory,s
9、aying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将遭到攻击。拓展 rejection n.拒绝接受，否决 appoint vt.任命，委派 Shes been appointed(as/to be)sales manager.她被任命为销售部经理。They appointed her to take care of that old man.他们派她去照顾那位老人。appoint sb(as/to be)+职位 委派某人
10、担任职位 appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 appointment n.任命，委派，约定 make/have an appointment with sb 与某人有约 Keep/break an appointment 守约/违约 appointed adj.约定的，指定的 Once you make an _(appoint)with someone,you should keep it.She was waiting at my apartment at the _(appoint)time to take me to Disney World.appointmen
11、tappointed elect vt.选举，推选 She elected an art course because she was interested in art.因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。They elected me to the Board of Directors.他们选我进入董事会。elect to do sth 决定做某事 elect sb as 选举某人当 election n.选举，推选，当选 We wonder who will win the next election.我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。Besides,I have such aa go
12、od command of English that I _(elect)as assistanct to my English teacher.am elected decade n.十年，十年期 Many great events happened in the past decade.在过去的十年中发生了很多大事件。For the past few decades,computer technology has come a long way.过去的几十年里，计算机技术取得了长足的进步。In the past decades,he _(plant)hundreds of trees.ha
13、s planted tend vt照顾，照料 vi 倾向，趋于 I tend to go to bed late and get up early in summer.夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。She spends her spare time tending her old mother.她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 tend to/towards sth 趋向，倾向 tend(to)sb/sth=look after sb/sth 照顾/护理 tendency n.倾向，趋势 have an tendency to do s
14、th 有做某事的倾向 staff n.员工，全体职员，拐杖 The staff are not happy about the new arrangement.员工们不喜欢新的安排。The old man can walk only with the help of a staff.这个老人只有借助拐杖才能走路。拓展 staff“全体员工”，单复同形 作主语时，若被看做整体，谓动用单数；若强调个体，谓动用复数 The staff in this school is high in quality.这所学校的员工素质很高。The staff in this shop are helpful.这家
15、店里的员工乐于助人。The staff in this company _(be)busy working at present.are retire vi&vt 退休；退职；离开（去僻静处）Most people retire at 60.大多数人在60岁时退休。She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。After lunch,he retired to his study.午饭后他去了书房。retire from 从退休/退役/退出 retire(fro
16、m)to 离开（）去僻静处 retired Adj.已退休的 retirement n.退休，退职 After he _(retire)from office,Tom took up painting for a while,but soon lost interest.When the world-famous tennis player announced her _(retire),she couldnt help crying.retired retirement principle n.道德原则；法则；原则 Schools try to teach children a set of
17、 principles.学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。They agreed to the plan only in principle.他们只是原则上同意那个计划。区分区分 principal 校长（校长（headmaster）；）；主要的主要的 搭配 in principle 原则上；理论上 on principle 根据原则 练习 Despite the variety of injuries,several _(principle)of first aid can apply to all emergencies.principles scare vt.惊吓，使害怕 vi.受惊吓 T
18、he terrible sounds scared the children.可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。He doesnt scare easily.他不轻易害怕。frighten 拓展 scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死 away/off 把某人吓跑 into/out of(doing)sth 吓得某人做/不做某事 It scares sb to do sth 使某人害怕去做某事 scared adj.害怕的，对感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared of doing/to do 害怕做某事 be scared that 害怕 The scarecrow in the fiel
19、d is used to _ the birds _.稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。They _ the little boy _ _ food in the supermarket.他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。The little girl _ _ _ _ out alone.这个小女孩害怕一个人外出。scare away/off scare into stealing is scared of going/to go replace vt.接替；取代；更换 He has replaced Mr Brown as president.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。He will replace
20、 the broken window with a new one.他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。replace A with/by B 用B代替A replace sb as 取代某人而成为 replace sb=take the place of sb=take ones place 代替某人 in place of=in ones place 代替 out of place 不在合适的位置，不得体 一句多译 我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。Our monitor will _ to attend the meeting.(take the place of)Our monitor w
21、ill attend the meeting _.(in place of)Our monitor will _ to attend the meeting.(take ones place)headmaster 校长 head teacher 班主任 carry sb through（sth）帮助某人渡过难关 Her confidence carried her through.她的信心使她渡过了难关。carry through 实现，完成 on （doing sth/with sth）继续（做某事）；坚持 out(a plan/orders/instructions)执行；贯彻；履行（计划
22、、命令、指示等）away 运走，使失去自制力 He was the only person who could _ _ _ _.他是唯一能使国家安然度过困境之人。Its a difficult job but shes the person _ _ _ _.这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。Its difficult to _ _ _ _ with a great noise around us.在周围很吵闹的情况下进行谈话时很困难的。carry the country through to carry it through carry on a conversation Onc
23、e a decision is reached,it must be firmly _ _.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。He has failed to _ _ _ _.他没有履行诺言。carried out carry out his promise instead of 而不是，代替 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.现在我可以步行去上班了。If you cannot go,hell go instead of you.如果你不能去，他将替你去。instead 与instead of instead,“而是/反而”,可单独使用，
24、置于句首或句末；instead of“代替；不”,不可单独使用，后必须加名、动名或代词 He never studies.Instead,he plays all day.他从来不学习。相反，他整天玩。Instead of going to the cinema,he went shopping.他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。In need of 需要I felt lonely and was in need of someone for companion.我觉得孤独，需要有人作伴。have the need for sth 需要某物 in want of 需要 satisfy/meet
25、a need 满足需求 The project has the need for money.这个工程需要钱。But Im sorry we are not able to meet your need this time.但是很遗憾，这次我们不能满足您的需要。The minister said that their church was badly _ need of repairs.the minister 大臣，部长，牧师 Be badly in need of 迫切需要 in care for 照看；照料；喜欢 She moved back home to care for her e
26、lderly parents.她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。I dont care for the toy at all.我一点也不喜欢这个玩具。care about 关心，在乎 take care 小心，注意 take care of 照顾，照料 He cares _ playing chess.for be responsible for 对负责；作为原因；成为起因 Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.麦克负责设计全部工程。Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90%of
27、deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。responsibility n.责任，负责 很强的责任感 a strong sense of responsibility 出于责任感 out of a sense of responsibility 负责 take the responsibility for treat as 把把当作当作 I decided to treat his words as a joke.我决定把他的话当作玩笑话。They treated me as one of the family.他们把我当做家人。treat sb
28、 to sth 招待，款待招待，款待 把当作/看做 regard think of look on as consider take would rather“宁愿，宁可；还是为好”后加从句，可用虚拟语气表虚拟时，从句中的谓语动词1 表示过去的动作，用过去完成时（过去完成时（had done）2 表示现在的动作，用一般过去时一般过去时，若有be动词，则用were3 表示将来的动作，用过去将来时过去将来时，would/might/could+动词原形动词原形 John wants to see me today.But I would rather he came tomorrow.约翰今天来看
29、我，但我宁愿他明天来。Id rather he _(leave)me alone.left She became the first woman to be hired as a resident physician.她成为第一个被聘为住院医师的女性。句式分析 She是主语 became 系动词the first woman 表语to be hired as a resident physician作后置定语，修饰woman.不定式短语做后置定语的情况 1 被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 2 不定代词something,nothing,little等后 3 抽象名词
30、time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish 等后 4 被修饰词前有the only,the very,the next等词对其修饰时 5 表示将要发生的动作时 6 there be句型中，做主语的名词后可接不定式作定语 The next train to arrive is from Beijing.Get him something to eat.I have no courage to try again after failure.She is the only woman to have been elected to
31、 such a post(当选这个职位).There is nothing to worry about.He was the first farmer _(grow)vegetables.to grow At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。句式分析 被动变主动 See her riding a donkey 感官动词+宾语+宾补 常见的感官动词有listen,watch,look,observe,see,h
32、ear,feel等“感官动词+宾语+宾补”常见形式“感官动词+宾语+1 do(表示动作发生的全过程全过程，在被动语态中，省掉的to要还原)2 doing(表示动作正在进行正在进行或者一直发一直发生生)3 done(表示动作已经完成已经完成)He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。see sb do sth 变为被动要把省略的to加上：sb be seen to do sth _ I heard someone opening the cabinet.我听见有人在开柜子。hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在
33、做某事 She is watching the computer being repaired.她在看别人修电脑。watch sth being done 看某物被 We felt the ground under our feet cave in.我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。feel sb do sth 感觉某人做某事 I was about to leave when I saw him _(run)towards me with a bag in his hand.running Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the“m
34、other of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50000 babies in her life time.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中节省了5万多个孩子。句式解析 having delivered是动词ing的完成形式，在句中作状语 having done 表示发生在谓语动词之前谓语动词之前的动作，常用作状语 I was unable to accept your invitation,having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.我已经答应陪我
35、母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。（原因状语）Having finished the letter,he folded it and put it into the envelop.写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。（时间状语）_(see)the film twice,I decided to stay at home.Having seen moral Adj.道德的，道义的 N.品行，道德，寓意 Government have at least a moral responsibility to answer these questions.政府至少在道义上有责任回应这些问题。Young p
36、eople today have different moral values.今天的青年有不同的道德观念。He felt morally responsible for the acident.他觉得道义上应对这次事故负责。搭配 moral responsibility 道义责任 moral sense 道德感 moral values 道德价值观 moral behaviour 有道德的行为 moral character 道德品质 morally 道义上，道德上 看谁反应快 moral responsibility 道义责任 moral sense 道德感 moral values 道德
37、价值观 moral behaviour 有道德的行为 moral character 道德品质 morally 道义上，道德上 中国人最基本的道德价值观之一是诚实。One of the most basic _ for Chinese is honesty.道德品质是一个人素质的主要方面。_ is an important aspect of the quality of people.这件事不算违法，但在道德上是错误的。It isnt unlawful,but its _ wrong.moral valuesmoral charactermorally dilemma n.进退两难的境地，困
38、境 She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film.她讲述了拍摄这部电影过程中在道义上所面临的两难境地。The issue raise the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.这个问题引发了他要不要回国的两难境地。Governments are on the horns of a dilemma in this case.在这种情况下，政府进退两难。总结 moral dilemma 道德困境 raise the dilemma 引发两难困境 on the horn
39、s of a dilemma 进退维谷，左右为难 be in a dilemma 处于两难境地 place sb in a dilemma 使某人进退两难快速反应 moral dilemma 道德困境 raise the dilemma 引发两难困境 on the horns of a dilemma 进退维谷，左右为难 be in a dilemma 出于两难境地 place sb in a dilemma 使某人进退两难 Joe found himself _ the horns of a dilemma.The bad weather _ us in a dilemma shall we
40、 move on or go back?是否向病人讲明实情，医生感到进退两难。The doctor was _ whether he should tell the parents the truth.in a dilemma on place faint vi 昏倒，晕厥 adj 不清楚的，微弱的He felt as if he would faint from exhaustion.他感到筋疲力尽，快要昏过去了。Normally,I get so nervous that I faint away.通常，我都会紧张到晕过去。I heard a faint sound in the dist
41、ance.我听到远处有一个微弱的声音。1 vi faint from/with 因而昏倒 faint from hunger 饿到昏倒 faint away 昏过去；消失 2 adj faint memory 模糊的记忆 faint noise/sound 微弱的声音 faint possibility 微小的可能性 1 vi faint from/with 因而昏倒 faint from hunger 饿到昏倒 faint away 昏过去；消失 2 adj faint memory 模糊的记忆 faint noise/sound 微弱的声音 faint possibility 微小的可能性
42、 The little boy who ran away from home fainted _ hunger.The sound fainted _ in the distance.她的病还有一点点希望可以治愈。There is still _ hope that she maybe cured.fromaway a faint Did you hear that James helped an old woman who fell down while crossing the street.你听说詹姆斯帮助过一个过马路时摔倒到的老太太吗？解析解析 while crossing the s
43、treet在句中做时间状语，用的状语从句的省略结构。完整形式应为while she was crossing the street 什么时候能省略？When he was asked why he didnt take part in the race,he said nothing but smiled.He will not come unless he is invited.Although he is badly thought of in the company,the man always works hard.When it is sunny you can take a sun
44、 bath.状语从句的省略 当状语从句的主语为it，或者与主句主语一致，并且从句的谓语含有be动词时，可省略“主语+be动词”While _(compete)with his teammates,he hurt his leg.If _(accept)for the job,youll be informed soon.There are some health problems that,when not _(treat)in time,can become bigger ones later on.They got engaged when _(travel)in Epetingaccep
45、tedtreatedtravelling I dont think its the right thing.我认为这不是正确的事情。本句中的I dont think 为否定转移句。当I think后接带有否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把否定转移到主句，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。宾语从句否定转移三个条件 1 主语是第一人称I 或者we 2 主句的谓语动词为一般现在时 3 能用于否定转移的动词 think,believe,suppose认为,imagine想象,expect期待等 I dont think he is right.我认为他不对。We dont suppose such things
46、will happen.我们认为这样的事不会发生。I dont believe you two have met,do you?我想你们两个人以前没见过面，对吧？注意：否定转移的反义疑问句的主谓语要与宾语从句一致，并用肯定形式。我相信他今晚不会来。I _ he _ tonight.我认为这个人是不会按时完成工作的，是吗？I _ the man _ finish the work on time,_?他认为你不了解它，是吗？He doesnt think you know it,_?dont believe will come dont believe can can he do you ope
47、ration n.手术，企业，经营 She had an operation on her spine.她做过脊椎手术。The system has been in operation for six months.这个系统已经运行六个月了。The new traffic rules come into operation from next month.新的交通规定从下月起实施。We will have to operate on his eyes.我们得给他的眼睛动手术。have an operation 动手术 in operation 工作中；使用中；有效 come into oper
48、ation 开始工作；开始生效 put sth into operation 将投入使用 _ operate v.动手术；操作；经营 operate on/upon 给动手术 have an operation 动手术 in operation 工作中；使用中；有效 come into operation 开始工作；开始生效 put sth into operation 将投入使用 operate v.动手术；操作；经营 operate on/upon 给动手术 The young nurse was very nervous when she assisted at her first _(
49、operate).The new power station has already come _ operation.The doctor,together with two nurses,is going to operate _ the patient.学校开学已经好几天了。The school has been _ for several days.operation into on in operation whisper Vi&vt 悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语；低声语；传言；谣传 He wispered the message to David.他悄声把这个消息告诉了戴维。It
50、is wispered that he intended to resign.人们私下说他打算辞职。I could hear they spoke in whispers.我能听到他们在交头接耳。whisper（sth）to sb 与某人耳语；低声说 It is whispered that有人私下说,据传言 in a whisper/in whispers 低声地，小声地 whisper（sth）to sb 与某人耳语；低声说 It is whispered that 有人私下说 in a whisper/in whispers 低声地，小声地 She is whispering _ her
