1、人教课标新教材必修人教课标新教材必修3UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUESContentsPart 1基础巩固基础巩固Part 2重点突破重点突破Part 3语法归纳语法归纳Part 4写作指导写作指导Part 1基础巩固基础巩固1._ n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2._ n.进退两难的境地；困境进退两难的境地；困境3._ vt.昏倒；晕厥；昏倒；晕厥；adj.不清楚的；微弱的不清楚的；微弱的4._ vt.(举例举例)说明；阐明；给说明；阐明；给(书或文章书或文章)加插图加插图5._ vt.委托；交付委托；交付6._ n.(小组小组)教学；讲课教学；讲
2、课7._ n.专业服务费；报酬专业服务费；报酬virtuedilemma faintillustrate entrust tuition fee8._ n.协会；联合会；工会协会；联合会；工会9._ n.奖学金奖学金10._ vt.聘任；雇佣；租用；聘任；雇佣；租用；n.租借；租用租借；租用11._ n.医师；医师；(尤指尤指)内科医生内科医生12._ n.同事；同僚同事；同僚13._ n.诊所；门诊部诊所；门诊部14._ adj.遥远的遥远的15._ n.十年；十年期十年；十年期16._ adv.在别处；去别处在别处；去别处unionscholarshiphirephysician clin
3、iccolleague farawaydecadeelsewhere17._ vt.照顾；照料；照顾；照料；vi.倾向；趋于倾向；趋于18._ vt.发表发表(作品作品)；出版；出版19._ n.员工；全体职员员工；全体职员20._ n.节省物；节省；节约；节省物；节省；节约；pl.储蓄金；存款储蓄金；存款21._ n.学前班；幼儿园学前班；幼儿园22._ n.道德原则；法则；原则道德原则；法则；原则23._ adj.被动的；被动的；顺从的顺从的tendpublishstaffsavingkindergartenprinciplepassive24._ adj.害怕的；对害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐
4、惧的感到惊慌或恐惧的25._ adj.(增长、下跌等增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；急剧的；锋利的；明显的明显的26._ n.保险；保险业保险；保险业27._ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的精力充沛的；充满活力的28._vt.接替；取代；更换接替；取代；更换29._ n.事故；车祸；失事事故；车祸；失事30._ n.手术；企业；经营手术；企业；经营scaredsharpinsuranceenergeticreplaceaccidentoperation31._ vi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语耳语(声声)；低语；低语(声声)；传言；谣传；传言；谣传32._ n.子夜；
5、午夜子夜；午夜33._ n.进口；进口商品；进口；进口商品；vt.进口；输入；引进进口；输入；引进34._ n.出口；出口商品；出口；出口商品；vt.出口；输出；传播出口；输出；传播35._ n.(行星的行星的)极；地极极；地极36._ n.(坐着时的坐着时的)大腿部；大腿部；(跑道等的跑道等的)一圈一圈37._ vi.&vt.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蛰；咬；叮；蛰；n.(咬下的咬下的)一口；咬伤一口；咬伤whispermidnightimportexportpolelapbite38._ n.嘴唇嘴唇39._ vt.帮助；援助帮助；援助40._ n.主席；主持人；董事长主席；主持人；
6、董事长41._ n.记忆力；回忆记忆力；回忆42._ n.一连串一连串(人或事人或事)；链子；链条；链子；链条43._ n.咖啡馆；小餐馆咖啡馆；小餐馆44._ n.(餐馆的餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者女服务员；女侍者45._ adj.怀孕的；妊娠的怀孕的；妊娠的46._ vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖；装扮；假扮；掩盖；n.伪装；化妆用具伪装；化妆用具lipdisguisechairmanmemorychaincafassistwaitresspregnant47._ n.枫树；槭树枫树；槭树48._ n.手推车；运货马车手推车；运货马车49._ vi.&vt.(使使)洒出洒出(使使)溢出溢出50._
7、vi.跛行；一瘸一拐的走跛行；一瘸一拐的走51._ n.眼泪；泪水眼泪；泪水52._ vi.&vt.伤害；损害伤害；损害53._ n.绝望；绝望；vi.绝望；感到无望绝望；感到无望54._ n.力量；威力力量；威力55._ n.寓言；寓言故事寓言；寓言故事maple cart spilllimptearharmdespairmightfable56._ n.(网球等的网球等的)球场；法院；法庭球场；法院；法庭57._ adj.灵活的；可变通的灵活的；可变通的58._ n.收入；收益收入；收益59._ prep.每；每一每；每一60._ adv.因此；所以因此；所以61._ n.紧张关系；紧张；
8、焦虑紧张关系；紧张；焦虑court flexibleincome perthereforetension1.moral adj.道德的道德的;道义上的道义上的 _ adv.道义上道义上;道德上道德上 _ adj.不道德的不道德的;邪恶的邪恶的2.precious adj.珍稀的珍稀的;宝贵的宝贵的 _ adv.过分讲究地过分讲究地;昂贵地昂贵地3.marry v.(和某人和某人)结婚结婚;嫁嫁;娶娶 _ adj.已婚的已婚的 _ n.结婚结婚;婚姻婚姻morallyimmoralpreciouslymarriedmarriage4.major adj.主要的主要的;重要的重要的;大的大的 _
9、n.大部分大部分;大多数大多数plain vi&vt.抱怨抱怨;埋怨埋怨;发牢骚发牢骚 _ n.不满的原因不满的原因;抱怨抱怨;埋怨埋怨6.respond v.回答回答;回应回应 _ n.反应反应;回答回答;回复回复7.reject vt.拒绝接受；否决拒绝接受；否决 _ n.拒绝接受；否决拒绝接受；否决majoritycomplaintresponserejection8.appoint vt.任命任命;委派委派;安排安排 _ n.约会约会;约定约定;任命任命 _ adj.被任命的被任命的9.tense adj.神经紧张的神经紧张的;担心的担心的 _ n.紧张关系紧张关系;紧张紧张;焦虑焦虑
10、10.retire vt.&vi.退休退休;退职退职;退出退出_ adj.已退休的已退休的 _ n.退休退休11.scare vt.惊吓惊吓;使害怕使害怕 vi.受惊吓受惊吓_ adj.吓人吓人 _ adj.害怕的害怕的;对对感到惊慌或恐惧的感到惊慌或恐惧的tensionretiredscaringscaredappointed1._ 道德困境道德困境2._ 易于做某事易于做某事;往往会发生某事往往会发生某事3._ 含着泪含着泪;流着泪流着泪4._ 绊倒绊倒5._ 帮助某人渡过难关帮助某人渡过难关6._ 帮助某人脱离帮助某人脱离(困境困境)7._ 作为作为的纪念的纪念8._ 处于绝望中处于绝望
11、中9._ 大量大量10._ 去世去世moral dilemmatend to do sth.in tearstrip overcarry sb.through sth.help sb.out ofin memory ofin despaira great deal(of)pass away1.比较级与否定词连用比较级与否定词连用,表示最高级表示最高级 To a person nothing is more precious than their life.(P16)2.名词前有序数词修饰，多用不定式作后置定语名词前有序数词修饰，多用不定式作后置定语 She immediately became
12、 the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(P16)3.sb.be seen doing sth.某人被看见正在做某事某人被看见正在做某事 At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.(P16)4.not.until.直到直到才才 Dr Lin did not retire until the day
13、she died,22 April 1983.(P17)Part 2重点突破重点突破1.majority n.大部分；大多数大部分；大多数 At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to study medicine.（P16）l the/a majority of 大多数的大多数的in the majority 占多数占多数major adj.主要的主要的l minority n.少数，少部分少数，少部分 a minority of
14、少数的少数的 minor adj.次要的次要的【语境应用语境应用】单项选择。单项选择。One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.A.is;are B.is;isC.are;are D.are;plain vi.&vt.抱怨抱怨;发牢骚发牢骚 Why should girls learn so much?Finding a good husband should be their final goal!her brother complained,th
15、inking of the high tuition fees.(P16)l complain to sb.向某人诉说向某人诉说 complain about/of sth.抱怨抱怨l complaint n.投诉，抱怨，怨言投诉，抱怨，怨言 make a complaint about 对对提出投诉提出投诉【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)Im going to complain to the manager about this._ 2)She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her._3)My mot
16、her has been complaining of serious headaches._我要向经理投诉这件事。我要向经理投诉这件事。她抱怨说没有人到机场接她。她抱怨说没有人到机场接她。我妈妈一直抱怨说头痛得厉害。我妈妈一直抱怨说头痛得厉害。3.tend vt.照顾；照料照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于倾向；趋于 She was interested in tending patients,punishing medical research on care for women and children.(P17)l tend sb./sth.照料照料/照看某人照看某人/某物某物tend to
17、do sth.易于做某事易于做某事tend to/toward(s)sth.倾向倾向的趋势的趋势l tendency n.倾向，趋势倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向有做某事的倾向【语境应用语境应用】根据所给汉语补全下列句子。根据所给汉语补全下列句子。1)人们普遍倾向于做他们擅长或喜欢的事情。人们普遍倾向于做他们擅长或喜欢的事情。Generally,people _ do what they are good at doing or what they like doing.2)西蒙的很多朋友认为他的观点趋于偏激。西蒙的很多朋友认为他的观点趋于偏激。
18、Many of Simons friends think his view _ the extreme.3)当人们不同意大卫的观点时，他就容易生气。当人们不同意大卫的观点时，他就容易生气。David _ get angry when people disagree with him.tend totends towards/to tends to4.replace vt.接替接替;取代取代;更换更换 The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary
19、.(P17)l replace sth.with/by sth.用某物代替某物用某物代替某物l take the place of=take ones place 取代取代 in place of 代替；取代代替；取代【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)They replaced their beloved old cars _ expensive new sports cars.2)With the development of science and technology，human beings _ by robots in the future.3)I wish that sp
20、orts day could be abandoned and _ with some other less competitive event.withwill be replaced replaced5.harm n.&v.伤害；损害伤害；损害 Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?l do/cause harm to 对造成伤害对造成伤害There is no harm in doing 做某事无害处做某事无害处l harmful ad
21、j.有害的，造成伤害的有害的，造成伤害的be harmful to 对对有害有害【语境应用语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子。根据汉语意思补全下面句子。1)他永远不会伤害任何人。他永远不会伤害任何人。He would never _.2)这起诉讼案件将损害我的生意。这起诉讼案件将损害我的生意。The court case will _ my business.3)打扮一下不会对你有任何坏处。打扮一下不会对你有任何坏处。It wouldnt _to dress yourself up.do harm to/be harmful todo you any harmharm anyone/anybo
22、dy1.carry sb.through sth.帮助某人度过难关帮助某人度过难关 These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of these amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(P16)carry through 完成完成;进行到底进行到底carry out执行，实行执行，实行;贯彻贯彻;实现实现carry on开展开展;维持维持;继续继续carry forward继承，弘扬继承，弘扬carry away拿走拿走;带走
23、带走;使激动使激动;使着迷使着迷carry off 抢走抢走;窃走窃走;赢得赢得;摘得奖牌摘得奖牌;完成完成【语境应用语境应用】用适当的介词或副词填空。用适当的介词或副词填空。1)Sorry,I interrupted you.Please carry _.2)Turn off the water supply before carrying _ repairs.3)In the end,it was her belief in justice that carried her _.4)The activity is aimed at carrying _ the Chinese tradit
24、ional culture.onout through forward2.pass away 去世去世 Sadly,Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and were buried in Shijiazhuang.(P18)pass sth.on to sb.将某物交给某人将某物交给某人pass sth.down 将某物一代代流传下来将某物一代代流传下来pass by路过路过;(时间时间)过去过去pass out分发分发;分配分配;晕倒晕倒pass down 传下来传下来【语境应用语境应用】用以上用以上pass短语的适当
25、形式填空。短语的适当形式填空。1)The tradition has _ from father to son for generations.2)_ the book _ to me when youve finished with it.3)It really made us shocked that Mrs Green _ in her sleep last night.4)What made me angry was that he _ without greeting me.been passed downPassonpassed awaypassed by3.a great dea
26、l(of)大量大量 After a great deal of efforts,she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.(P20)常用来修饰不可数名词的单词或词组常用来修饰不可数名词的单词或词组 much；a(great)deal of；a bit of；a(n)(large)amount of/amounts of【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1)这个项目节省了大量的资金。这个项目节省了大量的资金。2)我们村比他们村富裕多了。我们村比他们村富裕多了。A great deal of money
27、has been saved for the project.Our village is a great deal richer than their village.4.in memory of 作为对作为对的纪念的纪念 After Dr Bethunes death,Chairman Mao wrote an article in memory of him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.(P18)in praised of 赞美；歌颂赞美；歌颂 in honour of 纪念；向纪念
28、；向表达敬意表达敬意 in search of寻找寻找 in charge of 负责；掌管负责；掌管【语境应用语境应用】根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。1)为了纪念这位著名的作家，他们兴建了这所学校。为了纪念这位著名的作家，他们兴建了这所学校。They founded the school _.2)为了寻求更好的生活，他已经下定决心去上海。为了寻求更好的生活，他已经下定决心去上海。He has made up his mind to go to Shanghai _.in search of a better lifein memory of the famo
29、us writer1.先行词为抽象地点的定语从句先行词为抽象地点的定语从句 A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.(P14)l 当先行词是当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，job，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，常用关系副词语从句缺少状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从来引导定语从句，相当于句，相当于in which。l 抽象名词后面的定
30、语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which来引导。来引导。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Their children at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019天津高考天津高考)2)With the development of tourism,security is becoming a key point _ tourists are concerned about.3)Our class is a warm family
31、,_ we care for and encourage each other.4)When we get to the point _ I was staying up really late at night to get my work down.wherethat/whichwherewhere2.the+序数词序数词+名词名词+to do sth.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospita
32、l(P16)l 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有有the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定等时，常用不定式作后置定语。语。l 动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多为抽象名词，常见的有：动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多为抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)He is always the first _(answer)questions
33、.2)As far as I know,Amy the first person _(witness)the car accident.3)The ability _(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.to answerto witnessto express3.比较级与否定词连用表最高级比较级与否定词连用表最高级 To a person,nothing is more important than their life.(P16)【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)在我看来，健康是最重要的。在我看来，健康是最重要的。
34、In my opinion,_ health in life.2)没有什么比那更难了。没有什么比那更难了。_ than that.3)Nothing is _(easy)than to cheat oneself.再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。nothing is more important than Nothing is more difficulteasier4.sb.be seen doing sth.某人被看见正在做某事某人被看见正在做某事 At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway v
35、illages to provide medical care.(P16)与与see类似的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如类似的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear、feel、smell、watch、find等，其后都可接等，其后都可接“宾语宾语+动词动词-ing形式形式”构成的复合宾语结构，动词构成的复合宾语结构，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，用来补形式充当宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的动作和情况。充说明宾语的动作和情况。eg.We often see her dancing in front of the public.【语境运用语境运用】用所给词的适当形式完成句子。用所给词的适当形式完成句
36、子。1)We saw the teacher _(make)the experiment.2)I heard an English song _(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.makingbeing sung Part 3语法归纳语法归纳 动词动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，兼有动词和形容词的特形式是非谓语动词的一种，兼有动词和形容词的特征，在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示征，在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示进进行行或或主动主动的意思。的意思。动词动词-ing形式用作状语时
37、，其形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一与句子的主语一致致，动词，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系。形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系。动词动词-ing形式在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、形式在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、程度和结果状语。伴随、程度和结果状语。动词动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语1.作时间状语作时间状语 eg.Seeing the police,he made a run for the exit.一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。2.作原因状语作原因状语 eg.Being ill,he
38、 didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。3.作条件状语作条件状语 eg.Turning to the left,you will see a school.向左转你就会看到一所学校。向左转你就会看到一所学校。4.作让步状语作让步状语 eg.Granting this to be true,we cannot explain it.虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。5.作方式状语作方式状语 eg.You gave me such a fright creeping up on m
39、e like that!你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！6.作结果状语作结果状语 eg.The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。7.作伴随状语作伴随状语 eg.The little boy went upstairs,trailing his teddy bear behind him.那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。Emma was sitting
40、in an armchair reading a book.Emma坐在一张扶手椅上看书。坐在一张扶手椅上看书。Attention:动词动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用一般式（意是用一般式（doing）还是用完成式（）还是用完成式（have done）。）。当动词当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同同时发生或几乎同时发生时发生时，用时，用一般式一般式；当它的动作；当它的动作先于谓语动词先于谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作发生时，用动作发生时，用完成式完成式。eg Walking
41、in the street,I met an old friend of mine.走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。他写完信后就把它寄了出去。动词动词-ing形式的时态形式的时态 使用动词使用动词-ing形式的主动式（形式的主动式（doing/having done）还是被）还是被动式（动式（being done/having been done），这主要取决于现在分），这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。通常，句子的主语就是动词词和句
42、子主语之间的关系。通常，句子的主语就是动词-ing形形式的逻辑主语。式的逻辑主语。eg.We walked along the river bank,talking and laughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。（主动）我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。（主动）Being repaired now,the computer cant be used.由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。（被动）由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。（被动）动词动词-ing形式的语态形式的语态 宾语补足语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，宾语补足语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓
43、关系。与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。We can see a boy singing in the picture.宾语补足语宾语补足语主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语eg.We can see her listening to music.The police caught the man stealing the money.Attention:动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，常和表示形式作宾语补足语时，常和表示感观和心理状态感观和心理状态的动词的动词see,notice,watch,look at,observe,hear,listen to,s
44、mell,feel,find,catch等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。在在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用不带形式作宾语补足语，也可用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不带形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不带to的动词的动词不定式时，表示动作经常发生或动作从开始到结束的全过程。不定式时，表示动作经常发生或动作从开始到结束的全过程。eg I saw him getting out of the
45、 car.我看见他正在下车。我看见他正在下车。I saw him get out of the car.我看见他下车了。我看见他下车了。eg.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.不好意思让你等这么久。不好意思让你等这么久。His father do not let him smoke.他父亲不让他抽烟。他父亲不让他抽烟。动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词使役的动词keep，get，leave，set，have等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语，表示，
46、宾语，表示，“使使一直处于某种状态一直处于某种状态”。选择括号内合适的内容填空。选择括号内合适的内容填空。1.Clean the desk,Peter!Dont just stand there _(doing,to do)nothing!2.Joe hurt his knee _(playing,to play)football,so he isnt able to take part in the sports meet tomorrow.3.Not _(knowing,to know)what to do,I called my friend to ask her for advice.
47、4.While _(walking,to walk)to school,they saw many beautiful flowers.doingplayingknowingwalking5._(Having spent,Spent)most of his life in London,Sam has now gone to live in a small village.6.The boy _(injuring,injured)in the accident was taken to the hospital immediately.7.The man _(sitting,to sit)ne
48、xt to me on the plane was asleep most of the time.8.The waiting room was empty except for an old man _(sitting,to sit)in the corner _(reading,to read)a magazine.Having spentinjuredsittingsittingreading1.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,cau
49、sed largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,_(result)in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.(2021北京卷北京卷)resulting2.I was upset
50、 to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,_(think)it is food.(2021新高考卷新高考卷II)3.Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and in dry areas,_(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉灌溉)their fields.(2020浙江卷浙江卷)4.Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whisper t
