1、Discovering useful structures1.To learn the usage of infinitive used as attribute or adverbial in a sentence.2.To apply what we learn in this period to exercises,especially in writing and grammar filling.nBy the end of this class,you will have been able toLook at the following sentences and focus on
2、 the italicised infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions and meanings.PresentationAs we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.目的1.Looking up at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard to find answers.2.On 12 Ap
3、ril 1962,Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.3.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.4.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.5.To do exercise is beneficial to our health.不定式作定语、
4、状语不定式作定语、状语Infinitives(1)1.带to不定式：“to+v.动词原形动词原形”构成。2.不带to不定式：“v.v.动词原形动词原形”但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。Active(主动)Passive（被动）一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been doneto have been doing动词不定式做定语例：1.Please make an effort to catch the bus.2.He made a promis
5、e to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,time,wish等抽象名词（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）动词不定式做定语例：1.He was the first one to think of the idea.2.You are the only person to be late.3.The manager is the last to come to the m
6、eeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the best,the first,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。动词不定式做定语例：1.Do you have anything to say?2.There is nothing to worry about.3.I want to get something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时。(1)Our English teacher has many ways _(make)her class int
7、eresting.(2)He has a lot of work_(do)every weekend.(3)They are looking for a room_(live).(4)I have no chance_(go)sightseeing with so much work to do.(5)The airport _ _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.1.A group of young people gathered together to discuss this question.一群年轻人
8、聚集讨论这个问题。一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。2.In order to help him,would do everything we can.为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。1.1.目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与in orderin order或或so asso as组成短语。组成短语。不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.动词不定式做状语1.I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
9、我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。2.2.目的状语：置于句首时只用目的状语：置于句首时只用to do/in order to do.to do/in order to do.如用于如用于表示否定，表示否定，in orderin order或或so asso as不能省略，用不能省略，用in order not to doin order not to do或或so as not to doso as not to do形式。形式。动词不定式做状语He worked very hard to pass the exam.=He worked hard so that/in
10、order that he could pass the exam.他非常努力以便能通过考试他非常努力以便能通过考试3.3.不定式作目的状语可转换为不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order thatso that/in order that引导的引导的目的状语从句目的状语从句动词不定式做状语3.结果状语：结果状语：多见于“too.to（太.以不能）”；“enough to.”；“only to do”“so/such.as to（如此.以至于）句型中。1.He rushed back,only to find the book missing.2.He is old enoug
11、h to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。他到上学的年龄了。3.She is so proud as to look down upon others.她太骄傲了，看不起别人。她太骄傲了，看不起别人。2.原因状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。句型中。She was disappointed to hear the news.她听到新闻很失望。她听到新闻很失望。动词不定式做状语(1)He came _(show)me his new science book.(2)The doctors are busy doing what they can
12、 _(save)the dying man.(3)The old man was too angry _(say)a word.(4)He hurried to the station,only_(find)Tom had already left.(5)We are delighted _(know)that youre going to visit us next month.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).One of the pr
13、oblems is that the trip would take long time.For example,_(use)the current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the planet,Mars.Although light is the fastest thing _(know)in the universe,it takes more than four years_(reach)the star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)suffici
14、ent food and water?No one knows the answers._,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.Practice：Fill in the blanks1._(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.2.A
15、nxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didnt fit.3.Group activities will be organised after class _(help)children develop team spirit.4.George returned after the war,only _(tell)that his wife had left him.5.With time （go）by,it spread all over the country.6.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.高考链接
